{"title":"High-resolution microscopy for imaging cancer pathobiology.","authors":"Yang Liu, Jianquan Xu","doi":"10.1007/s40139-019-00201-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40139-019-00201-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Light microscopy plays an essential role in clinical diagnosis and understanding the pathogenesis of cancer. Conventional bright-field microscope is used to visualize abnormality in tissue architecture and nuclear morphology, but often suffers from many limitations. This review focuses on the potential of new imaging techniques to improve basic and clinical research in pathobiology.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Light microscopy has significantly expanded its ability in resolution, imaging volume, speed and contrast. It now allows 3D high-resolution volumetric imaging of tissue architecture from large tissue and molecular structures at nanometer resolution.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Pathologists and researchers now have access to various imaging tools to study cancer pathobiology in both breadth and depth. Although clinical adoption of a new technique is slow, the new imaging tools will provide significant new insights and open new avenues for improving early cancer detection, personalized risk assessment and identifying the best treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-019-00201-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38399843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cancer Foraging Ecology: Diet Choice, Patch Use, and Habitat Selection of Cancer Cells","authors":"S. Amend, R. Gatenby, K. Pienta, Joel s. Brown","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0185-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0185-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0185-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49032835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aditi Korlimarla, S. Austin, Baodong Sun, P. Kishnani
{"title":"Hepatic Manifestations in Glycogen Storage Disease Type III","authors":"Aditi Korlimarla, S. Austin, Baodong Sun, P. Kishnani","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0182-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0182-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0182-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43644789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanoparticles Based Drug Delivery for Tissue Regeneration Using Biodegradable Scaffolds: a Review","authors":"Nitin Sahai, N. Ahmad, M. Gogoi","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0184-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0184-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0184-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43332273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Partial Gravity on the Function and Particle Handling of the Human Lung.","authors":"G Kim Prisk","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0174-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40139-018-0174-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The challenges presented to the lung by the space environment are the effects of prolonged absence of gravity, the challenges of decompression stress associated with spacewalking, and the changes in the deposition of inhaled particulate matter.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Although there are substantial changes in the function of the lung in partial gravity, the lung is largely unaffected by sustained exposure, returning rapidly to a normal state after return to 1G. Provided there is adequate denitrogenation prior to a spacewalk, avoiding the development of venous gas emboli, the lung copes well with the low pressure environment of the spacesuit. Particulate deposition is reduced in partial gravity, but where that deposition occurs is likely in the more peripheral airspaces, with associated longer retention times, potentially raising the toxicological potential of toxic dusts.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Despite its delicate structure the lung performs well in partial gravity, with the greatest threat likely arising from inhaled particulate matter (extra-terrestrial dusts).</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 3","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345393/pdf/nihms-981472.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36946956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolutionary Stem Cell Poker and Cancer Risks: The Paradox of The Large And Small Intestines.","authors":"Darryl Shibata","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0176-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0176-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Recent studies demonstrate that normal human tissues accumulate substantial numbers of somatic mutations with aging, to levels comparable to their corresponding cancers. If mutations cause cancer, how do tissues avoid cancer when mutations are unavoidable?</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The small intestines (SI) and colon accumulate similar numbers of replication errors, but SI adenocarcinoma is much rarer than colorectal cancer. Both the small and large intestines are subdivided into millions of small neighborhoods (crypts) that are maintained by small numbers of stem cells. To explain the SI cancer paradox, four fundamental evolution parameters (mutation, drift, selection, and population size) are translated to crypts.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The accumulations of driver mutations in a single stem cell may be analogous to an evolutionary poker game. The rarity of SI cancer may reflect that SI crypts are smaller and have fewer stem cells than the colon, which reduces the numbers of cells at risk for mutation and perhaps selection efficiency. Tissue microarchitecture may physically modulate cancer evolution by controlling the numbers of directly competing neighboring cells. A better understanding of the SI cancer paradox may illuminate how tissues naturally avoid cancers when mutations are unavoidable.</p>","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 3","pages":"193-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0176-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36925336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ramachandran, Sawan Dalal, R. Scheuring, J. Jones
{"title":"Musculoskeletal Injuries in Astronauts: Review of Pre-flight, In-flight, Post-flight, and Extravehicular Activity Injuries","authors":"V. Ramachandran, Sawan Dalal, R. Scheuring, J. Jones","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0172-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0172-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0172-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Challenge of Human Pathobiology in Space","authors":"R. Kerschmann","doi":"10.1007/s40139-018-0177-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40139-018-0177-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37014,"journal":{"name":"Current Pathobiology Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"145-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40139-018-0177-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48643496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}