{"title":"Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnish in Preventing Dental Caries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Vikas Singh, Ankita Jain, Ferdous Bukhary, Faheem Muzaffar Mir, Galiah Husam alJefri, Adeem Alofi, Varun Pal, Swayam Sourav Tripathy","doi":"10.2174/0125899775431211260206140819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775431211260206140819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p> Introduction: Dental caries remains a prevalent global health issue with over two billion people being affected worldwide, necessitating effective preventive strategies like fluoride varnish (FV). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries by synthesizing data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. This analysis will help to further scientific knowledge with evidence-based clinical knowledge, which will focus on the real-world clinical problems faced in dental practice. </p><p> Methods: Thirteen Randomized trials were analyzed while adhering to PRISMA guidelines, after assessing 2315 archives. ROB2 was used to evaluate the risk of bias from the data obtained through the PICO criteria. Effect sizes were aggregated for caries reduction with Random-effects models. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and text words associated with fluoride varnish and dental caries were used for the investigation. </p><p> Results: Fluoride varnish reduced caries in 4784 participants, with 95% CI of 0.28 to 0.43. Greater improvements were seen in younger children and those affected with xerostomia, where a reduction of 54% was seen with quarterly applications and with minimal undesirable effects (<5%). </p><p> Discussion: Outcomes suggest fluoride varnish as an effective caries preventive tool, especially with high-risk populations. Higher degrees of variation observed (I² = 75.1%) suggest that effectiveness might be increased if standardized application protocols are followed. </p><p> Conclusion: The study outcomes support the notion that fluoride varnish is an effective measure against caries, hence supporting the idea of its integration into public health programs for reducing widespread caries burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147460210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Phytotherapeutics against Auto-inflammatory Disorders: A Review.","authors":"Sambhav Tyagi, Snigdha Bhardwaj, Kandasamy Nagarajan","doi":"10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775393768251125072528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Various inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis, neuralgia, soft tissue injuries, and neuropathic pain, significantly affect daily quality of life. Among these, Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are the most common types, often leading to joint discomfort and reduced quality of life. Conventional treatments like NSAIDs, though effective for pain relief, are associated with adverse effects, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This review aims to highlight the potential role of herbal medicines in managing arthritis and reducing inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of studies was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, covering literature up to 2025. Experimental animal models like collagen-induced, CFA-induced, and carrageenan-induced arthritis in rats were considered. A total of 182 relevant articles were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herbal formulations have been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-18, while also minimizing oxidative stress and joint inflammation. These findings support their therapeutic application in inflammatory disorders.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The review focuses on medicinal plants known for their anti-inflammatory and anti- arthritic activities, supported by both traditional usage and scientific evidence. Notable plantbased compounds discussed include curcumin, Terminalia chebula, and Moringa oleifera, all of which have shown promise in managing arthritis symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite regulatory and standardization challenges, herbal medicines demonstrate significant potential in treating arthritis. Their effectiveness in controlling inflammation and oxidative damage may lead to wider acceptance and use in future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant Endophytes and their Secondary Metabolites: A Source of Bioactive Compounds.","authors":"Smita Narwal, Gurvirender Singh, Neha Yadav, Preeti Garg, Nisha Grewal, Ashwani K Dhingra","doi":"10.2174/0125899775372804250402051832","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775372804250402051832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant endophytes are microorganisms in plant tissues that help generate many secondary metabolites that are responsible for biological activity. These naturally occurring chemicals have lured the attention of researchers due to their applications in the fields of healthcare, agriculture, and cosmetics. Endophytic metabolites in the pharmaceutical field play an imperative role in the treatment of anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents. These features provide opportunities for new medication development, especially for conditions where present treatments are inadequate. Similarly, in the field of cosmetics, these metabolites provide advantages such as anti-aging properties and the ability to preserve the skin, thereby creating opportunities for the development of natural and efficient skincare solutions. Apart from this, they enhance productivity in agriculture and promote plant growth, especially by providing resistance against diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. Although such secondary metabolites have potential, there are still difficulties in extraction, purification, and standardization. Additional research and technology improvements will play a vital role in fully realizing their capabilities, ultimately leading to progress in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and cosmetics. The study explores the wide range of secondary metabolites synthesized by plant endophytes and emphasizes their biological effects against different diseases. In addition, the authors also highlighted the efficacy of these metabolites in combating infections that affect plants, humans, and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"77-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel, Stability-indicating Method for Analyzing Degradation Impurities in Hydrochlorothiazide and Irbesartan Tablets Using RP-HPLC.","authors":"Tusharkumar Shah, Smriti Sharma, Jayesh Dhalani","doi":"10.2174/0125899775364137250512115928","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775364137250512115928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Well-known antihypertensive medications, hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan, are sometimes taken as a low-dose combination in a single pill.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this research is to create and verify a standard screening test for identifying process-related degradation in tablets containing irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide. The objective of the study was to report the quality and robust method of HPLC for impurities in the mentioned drugs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Separation was accomplished using a Kromasil L7 column (250 x 4.6 mm 5 μ). Furthermore, a 50 x 4.6 mm ghost-busting column was set up. 0.1% orthophosphoric acid was used in mobile phase A, and acetonitrile was used in mobile phase B. Infinity 1290 was used to conduct the analysis at a fixed flow rate of 1.2 mL/minute. At 220 nm, detection was carried out. The temperature in the column oven was kept at 30°C.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>For eight impurities, regression analyses show a correlation coefficient value greater than 0.999. The approach was to demonstrate superior recoveries for impurities linked to hydrochlorothiazide and irbesartan (89.7-108.9%), and the limit of quantification for hydrochloro thiazide Related Compound-A is 0.248 ppm, chlorothiazide 0.251 ppm, chloro hydrochlorothiazide 0.252 ppm, irbesartan related compound-A 1.214 ppm, triphenyl methanol 1.210 ppm, IB-23 1.198 ppm, trityl methyl ether 1.204 ppm and KL-2 1.196 ppm. Here, we are first time reporting the method for simultaneous determination of eight impurities in Hydrochlorothiazide and Irbesartan combination drug with decent accuracy and precision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The recommended method was well evaluated and can be used for routine examination of the drug impurity studies and mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave-assisted Green Extraction of Flavonoids: An Approach for the Development of Antiepileptic Agents.","authors":"Dipika Rani Sahu, Biswa Mohan Sahoo, Prafulla Nandi, Chandan Kumar Brahma, Ashirbad Nanda","doi":"10.2174/0125899775347899250303041223","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775347899250303041223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbal medicine has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases and the improvement of human health. In research, the extraction process serves as a critical initial step for isolating and purifying key bioactive components from crude plant extracts. Despite its importance, the extraction stage often receives less attention and remains underexplored. In India, traditional techniques, such as maceration, Soxhlet extraction, steam distillation, and cold pressing, are still widely used for processing medicinal plants. However, these conventional methods suffer from limitations, including low selectivity, reduced yields, prolonged processing times, and significant environmental and safety concerns due to the extensive use of organic solvents. To address these challenges, innovative extraction techniques have emerged in recent years, offering greater efficiency, selectivity, and environmental sustainability. Notable advancements include Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE), Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE), and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (USE). Among these, MAE has garnered significant attention for its potential to optimize extraction efficiency while minimizing resource consumption. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of different extraction methods, with a particular focus on the benefits of MAE. Furthermore, it explores the application of MAE-extracted flavonoids in the treatment of epilepsy, leveraging their proven ability to eliminate free radicals effectively. It also aims to highlight the advantages of adopting MAE in therapeutic contexts, offering novel insights into its role in enhancing the efficacy of flavonoid-based interventions. This work underscores the critical need for advancing extraction technologies to meet modern safety, environmental, and therapeutic demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Repositioning Drugs: A Computational Approach.","authors":"Bhawna Sharma, Iti Chauhan, Rohit Pandey, Raj Kumar Tiwari, Gaurav Kumar, Gaurav Pratap Singh","doi":"10.2174/0125899775365699250408091801","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775365699250408091801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computational drug repositioning has emerged as an efficient approach to discovering new indications for existing drugs, offering lower risk and cost compared to traditional drug discovery methods. Various computational approaches have been developed, including targetbased, gene-expression-based, phenome-based, and multi-omics-based methods. Recent advancements leverage diverse data sources, such as biomedical databases and online healthrelated information. Techniques incorporating drug structure and target information have shown promising results in predicting new drug indications. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including data noise reduction, method ensemble, negative sample selection, and data sparseness. Overall, computational drug repositioning continues to be a valuable tool in drug discovery and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"62-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uma Agarwal, Garima Kapoor, Khushboo Singhal, Rajiv Kumar Tonk
{"title":"The Pharmacoeconomics and its Evaluation in Enhancing the Indian Healthcare System.","authors":"Uma Agarwal, Garima Kapoor, Khushboo Singhal, Rajiv Kumar Tonk","doi":"10.2174/0125899775394503250626070441","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775394503250626070441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Escalating healthcare costs and increasing demands on healthcare systems have increased the need for efficient resource allocation. Pharmacoeconomics is a vital field that quantifies and compares the value of therapeutic drugs or treatments. It provides a systematic framework for decision-makers in the pharmaceutical industry, government, and private sectors to optimize healthcare delivery and spending. This review aimed to explore the role of pharmacoeconomic models in assessing the economic and clinical value of therapies. It emphasizes the importance of cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit, and cost-minimization analyses in balancing costs with outcomes and guiding healthcare resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pharmacoeconomic methodologies focus on assessing the costs, processes, and outcomes associated with therapeutic interventions. Key methods include cost-minimization, costeffectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefit analyses. These approaches are critical in regulatory compliance, reimbursement decisions, cost assessments, and sustaining pharmaceutical models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review reveals that pharmacoeconomic approaches such as Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA), and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) are widely used to guide healthcare policy decisions, particularly in resource-constrained settings. CEA is the most commonly applied method due to its simplicity, while CUA is gaining traction in advanced policy frameworks like Health Technology Assessment (HTA). In India, pharmacoeconomic research is emerging but faces barriers such as limited access to real-world data, the absence of national reimbursement systems, and high out-of-pocket costs. Innovative methods like machine learning and pharmacogenomics are being explored to improve the relevance and precision of these evaluations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>While pharmacoeconomic models offer valuable insights for healthcare decisionmaking, their real-world impact is limited by inconsistencies in data quality and variations in implementation standards. In India, fragmented governance, low public health spending, and a lack of coordination among stakeholders further hinder effective application. Addressing systemic challenges-such as establishing interoperable data systems, standard treatment guidelines, and equitable healthcare access-is crucial. Tailored approaches, including localized utility values and digital health initiatives, are essential to make pharmacoeconomics a practical and influential tool in policy formulation and resource allocation in India and similar settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacoeconomic studies evaluate clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and production costs while incorporating perspectives from patients, providers, payers, and communities. For India, unique challenges such as limited rural healthcare access, infrastructure d","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"106-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Himanshu Sharma, Sumaiya Binte Ibrahim, Abdullah Al Noman, Umme Fathima Tuz Zohora, Farhana Akter Shifa, Samira Siddika, Sadia Tasneem, Md Al Azad, Rashmi Pathak
{"title":"The Potential of Coenzyme Q10 in Alzheimer's Disease: Reducing IL-17 Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress for Neuroprotection.","authors":"Himanshu Sharma, Sumaiya Binte Ibrahim, Abdullah Al Noman, Umme Fathima Tuz Zohora, Farhana Akter Shifa, Samira Siddika, Sadia Tasneem, Md Al Azad, Rashmi Pathak","doi":"10.2174/0125899775373406250411104442","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775373406250411104442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily marked by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles, which lead to cognitive decline. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key contributors to the disease's progression, with elevated production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) exacerbating neuronal damage. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a naturally occurring antioxidant, has been identified for its potential neuroprotective effects due to its roles in mitochondrial function, energy production, and antioxidant defense. The cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) is also implicated in AD, promoting neuroinflammation by disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and activating glial cells. This review explores the impact of CoQ10 on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in AD, focusing on its role in mitigating IL-17-mediated pathways. Preclinical studies indicate that CoQ10 reduces Aβ plaques, improves cognitive functions, and restores mitochondrial stability. However, clinical trials have yielded mixed results, often limited by bioavailability challenges. This research highlights the necessity of further human trials better to understand CoQ10's therapeutic potential in AD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"92-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotherapeutics Mediated Intranasal Delivery for Therapeutic Effect on Parkinson's Disease: Balancing Advancements and Challenges.","authors":"Pankaj Popli, Barika Rana, Sonia Dhiman, Indu Singh, Rajan Swami, Thakur Gurjeet Singh","doi":"10.2174/0125899775352044250519092112","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775352044250519092112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing Parkinson's Disease (PD) presents formidable challenges due to the impermeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), which severely restricts effective drug delivery. Traditional treatment modalities often prove inadequate, prompting the exploration of intranasal drug delivery as a novel and promising alternative. This innovative approach provides direct access to the central nervous system while bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Recent advancements in nanotechnology, particularly the development of polymeric and lipidic Nanoparticles (NPs), significantly enhance this delivery method by improving mucoadhesion and drug uptake, resulting in elevated drug concentrations in the brain and improved symptomatology. Furthermore, the unique properties of NPs enable sustained drug release, maintaining effective pharmacological levels while minimizing systemic side effects. However, challenges such as potential toxicity, formulation stability, and scalability persist. This review elucidates the role of NPs in surmounting BBB obstacles and underscores the necessity for continued research to optimize their design and ensure long-term safety. As the field advances, intranasal delivery systems hold the promise of becoming pivotal tools in PD management, offering more effective and less invasive therapeutic options for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"16-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankita Wal, Nidhi Singh, Pranay Wal, Rakesh Verma, S Gowrish, Rahul Subhash Buchade, Mohd Imran, Amin Gasmi
{"title":"Diabetic Wound Healing: Mechanism and Treatment Strategies with a Special Focus on Angiogenesis.","authors":"Ankita Wal, Nidhi Singh, Pranay Wal, Rakesh Verma, S Gowrish, Rahul Subhash Buchade, Mohd Imran, Amin Gasmi","doi":"10.2174/0125899775360418250406180636","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0125899775360418250406180636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the numerous comorbidities associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications of poor wound healing, persistent ulceration, and subsequent limb amputation, DM is becoming a major global health concern. The need for research attention increases due to delayed and compromised healing. We provide an overview of the latest developments in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds in this review, with a particular emphasis on impaired angiogenesis, suboptimal chronic inflammatory response, and barrier disruption. We also discuss potential future directions for treating the various pathologies linked to diabetic wounds. The emphasis of this study is diabetic wound healing, with particular attention to the abnormalities reported in the wound angiogenesis proliferative, remodelling, and maturation phases. This evaluation also considers therapies that might hold the key to improved wound healing results. Future treatment options must address many causes of delayed healing in diabetic wounds, given the worrying rise in the prevalence of diabetes and, consequently, diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"38-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}