Current Drug Research Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum as a Novel Modulator of Immune and Behavioral Recovery in Substance Use Disorders: A Hypothesis.","authors":"Jonaid Ahmad Malik","doi":"10.2174/0125899775442579260409073358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775442579260409073358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are increasingly recognized as conditions driven by neuroimmune dysfunction, leading to neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation. Growing evidence highlights the microbiota-gut-brain axis as a critical regulator of central nervous system activity, particularly through the modulation of glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes. The gut microbiome provides key immunomodulatory signals, and its therapeutic exploitation through probiotics offers a promising avenue. In this study, we hypothesize that supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum can attenuate neuroinflammation and improve immune tolerance in SUDs by restoring microbial balance and modulating neuroimmune activity via the gut-brain axis. Using an established animal model of SUD, we propose to investigate the impact of L. plantarum on gut microbial composition, systemic and central inflammatory markers, glial cell activation, and behavioral outcomes. We further suggest that probiotics containing Lactobacillus species, including L. plantarum, could serve as a transformative approach not only for SUD-associated neuroinflammation but also for other neurological disorders. Such interventions may represent a breakthrough in non-drug discovery strategies by reducing reliance on conventional pharmacological treatments. Importantly, probiotic-based therapies could enhance overall survival and quality of life in individuals with SUDs, as Lactobacillus species have been shown to suppress inflammatory pathways from early developmental stages. Lactobacillus species could regulate the gut-brain axis and impact neurodegenerative diseases. If validated, this work could position L. plantarum and related probiotic strains as novel microbiome-based adjuncts for managing SUDs and open broader therapeutic possibilities for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatographic Estimation of Curcumin and Parthenolide Using a Validated RP-HPLC Method.","authors":"Khushboo Bhardwaj, Ankit Kumar, Prince Kumar, Bhawna Sharma, Gurvinder Singh, Ankita Banerjee, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0125899775435998260119075247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775435998260119075247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RPHPLC) method was developed to estimate curcumin and parthenolide simultaneously. </P> Method: A Waters HPLC (HPLC/2487) with a UV/Vis detector was used for the analysis. Chromatographic separation was carried out using a reverse-phase C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size). A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Quantification of curcumin and parthenolide was performed using a UV/Vis detector set at 222 nm, identified as the isosbestic point for both analytes. The developed method was evaluated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, LOD, and LOQ in accordance with the ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines established by the International Council for Harmonisation. </P> Results: Curcumin had a linearity and range of 2-10 µg/mL, while parthenolide had a range of 5-25 µg/mL. Curcumin's R2 was 0.9992, while parthenolide's was 0.9899. The developed method exhibited a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 5.09 µg/mL for parthenolide and 1.68 µg/mL for curcumin. The corresponding Limits of Detection (LOD) were determined to be 1.01 µg/mL and 3.06 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the method demonstrated acceptable levels of precision and accuracy. </P> Discussion: The validated RP-HPLC method successfully quantified both curcumin and parthenolide together, demonstrating the linearity, accuracy, and precision within the limits. Low values of LOD and LOQ confirmed the sensitivity of this method for the quantification of even small amounts of these drugs. </P> Conclusion: The method demonstrated practical application for analysing a combination of these drugs in various pharmaceutical dosage forms. Curcumin and parthenolide can be accurately and simultaneously quantified using the approved RP-HPLC method, which has better sensitivity, a shorter runtime, and less spectrum interference at 222 nm. It is ideal for routine quality control, stability investigations, and standardisation of two-component phytopharmaceutical formulations because of its compliance with regulatory criteria and flexibility to complicated matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and its Active Compounds, Diosgenin and Trigonelline, in the Prevention of Cancer and Aging: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahrahmani, Hamed Ahansazan, Elmira Kalantari, Marziyeh Raeispour, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Niusha Esmaealzadeh","doi":"10.2174/0125899775403126260202074432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775403126260202074432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fenugreek is an herb from the Fabaceae family, rich in phytochemicals like diosgenin and trigonelline, whose antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties make it a candidate for the current systematic review on the prevention of cancer and aging, with a focus on preclinical studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant studies were identified from the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 2000 to April 2024. Two independent reviewers assessed the 1,280 retrieved articles for English-language preclinical studies. Clinical articles were added as supporting data. Duplicated or non-original articles, as well as irrelevant papers, were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 231 articles were included in the current study. Significant anticancer effects were shown by fenugreek extracts and isolated compounds, including suppression of NF-κB and Wnt-β-catenin signaling, apoptosis induction, upregulation of p53, Bax, and caspase-3; downregulation of Bcl-2, and G0/G1 or G2/M cell cycle arrest. In vivo, survival increases of up to 60% over controls were observed, with tumor volume reductions ranging from 40% to 78% across models. Antioxidant enzymes, SOD, GPx, and GSH, increased by 20-50%, oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation decreased by up to 45% and protein carbonylation by 30%) decreased, skin elasticity increased by 10-20% in clinical trials, and animal models' cognitive performance improved (escape latency decreased by 25-40%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study offers insights into the potential application of fenugreek, diosgenin, and trigonelline as complementary therapies for managing cancer and aging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Notable mechanisms include radical scavenging, suppressing apoptosis, and limiting inflammatory pathways. However, the lack of heterogeneous clinical data highlights the essence of conducting more clinical studies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injections for Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Badr Saadawi, Abdulmajeed Alghamdi, Alaa Abdulrahman Ismail, Zinab Awad Alatawi, Hasan Ali Abdullah AlAidarous, Saud Nayef Salem Aldanyowi, Abdulsalam Mohammed Aleid","doi":"10.2174/0125899775434881260214052930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775434881260214052930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Male sexual dysfunction, with specific reference to erectile malfunction and premature ejaculation, interferes with both physical and social health of individuals. Erectile dysfunction is seen as the inability to obtain a construction that is rigid enough for successful sexual intercourse, while premature ejaculation is defined as the premature discharge that triggers discomfort. Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin that blocks acetylcholine release, is thought to lower SMH tone and alter neurotransmitter substrates presumed to be involved in these disorders. Here, we present a systematic review and metaanalysis to determine the efficacy of Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was executed across various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections for sexual dysfunction disorders. Subsequently, a meticulous extraction of pertinent information was performed, followed by the extraction of outcomes of interest. A meta-analysis was conducted employing a random effects model using RevMan software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis included eight clinical trials (n = 742 patients) evaluating the efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoTN) in sexual dysfunction. For premature ejaculation, BoTN significantly increased intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) compared to control (MD = 17.63 seconds, 95% CI [6.69, 28.57], p = 0.02). In erectile dysfunction, BoTN demonstrated significant improvements in the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score at both 2 weeks (MD = 3.25 points, 95% CI [1.10, 5.40], p = 0.03) and 3 months (MD = 5.30 points, 95% CI [2.60, 8.00], p = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Botulinum toxin (BoTN) demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for treating both premature ejaculation, by effectively increasing ejaculatory latency, and erectile dysfunction, by improving key indicators like erection hardness and penile blood flow. Its novel mechanism, which involves relaxing hypertonic smooth muscle and modulating peripheral neurotransmission, offers a valuable approach for patients who do not respond to traditional treatments. While the evidence is promising, the findings are tempered by limitations, such as heterogeneity among the included studies and an inability to analyze all relevant outcomes due to limited data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BoTN was significantly correlated with increases in IELT and the SHIM, enhancements in EHS and PSV. These studies report that BoTN has potential as a treatment approach for male sexual dysfunction, and its further application should be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment-refractory Addictions: Clinical Characterization and an Operational Model for Integrated Management.","authors":"Julio Torales, Anthon Daniel Torres-Romero, Marcela Waisman-Campos, Elisa Smyth, Néstor Szerman, Marcelo O Higgins, Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, Luis Hualparuca-Olivera, Iván Barrios, Antonio Ventriglio, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia","doi":"10.2174/0125899775434631260211074804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775434631260211074804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current mental health system faces an important yet not well-understood problem, which involves addictions that do not respond to treatment. The cases present with ongoing substance abuse, multiple treatment failures, psychiatric conditions, social instability, and work-related problems. The absence of standardized operational criteria creates problems with immediate patient identification, comparing research study results, and healthcare providers' efforts to create structured treatment plans. The article combines existing data about treatment-resistant addiction to create an initial framework that explains its medical characteristics, brain functions, social aspects, and treatment approaches. The research uses depression and schizophrenia treatment-resistant frameworks to develop functional criteria, which include multiple treatment failures, ongoing disability, complex medical conditions, and inadequate response to optimal treatment protocols. Healthcare providers can identify actual refractoriness using established criteria that help distinguish it from pseudo-resistance, which occurs due to incorrect medical diagnoses, insufficient medication exposure, or non-compliance with treatment instructions. The research presents typical medical signs that appear in people who do not respond to substance use treatment through their impulsive behavior, their inability to identify emotions, their background of trauma, their presence of multiple psychiatric conditions, and their exposure to poverty and prison life. The review evaluates present-day pharmacological treatments that combine GLP-1 receptor agonists with ketamine and cannabidiol, partial agonists, and neuromodulation methods (rTMS and tDCS), as well as psychotherapeutic approaches (ACT, DBT, MBRP, and CRA) to improve treatment outcomes. We propose an operational system that integrates diagnostic evaluation with medication treatment and psychotherapy services, brain function assessments, and social assistance programs. This model is focused on a team-based approach aimed at delivering personalized medical care. Patients' non-adherence is considered as a clinical issue rather than a factor of social labeling or exclusion. Empirical testing is needed to validate the proposed evaluation criteria, as well as treatment effectiveness in real-world settings should be confirmed to approve accessible and advanced care for all patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Effects of Propofol against Renal-ischemia Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ali Amini, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine M T Sherwin, Saeed Mohajeri, Iraj Baratpour","doi":"10.2174/0125899775431740251230092243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775431740251230092243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with various kidney diseases and dysfunction. This study aims to explore the underlying protective effects of propofol on renal IRI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on May 20th, 2025, across Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to find studies published between 2007 and 2025. Relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords were utilized, and duplicates were removed. A narrative synthesis was performed, and the findings were collected and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Propofol significantly reduced renal IRI and decreased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and histological damage. It enhanced antioxidant defenses and reduced markers of oxidative stress. Propofol also suppressed proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited inflammasome components, including NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin D. Apoptosis was attenuated by lowering the Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio, caspase-3 activity, and CHOP levels, all involved in apoptosis. Mechanistically, propofol modulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, signal transducer and STAT/PPARγ, and sirtuin 1 signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review demonstrated that propofol protects against renal IRI by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Beyond its anesthetic role, it may serve as a therapeutic adjunct in contexts, such as transplantation or major surgery. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy, safety, and optimal application in patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Propofol demonstrates promising protective effects against renal IRI and may offer benefits in perioperative settings and surgeries with high renal injury risk. However, current evidence remains constrained by methodological limitations in preclinical studies and the scarcity of clinical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Radiation-induced damage: Mechanisms of Natural Products Against Oxidative Stress...","authors":"Wenyu Wu, Shuqi Huang, Yuanyuan Li, Qinyu Wang, Caimao Guo, Yanfang Luo, Zebin Zhang, Jun Yang, Xiaozhen Liu, Fang Yi, Jie Yin, Hui Qin, Lan Yi","doi":"10.2174/0125899775390664251203215325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775390664251203215325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation exposure is a key factor leading to oxidative stress and related biomolecular damage. Natural products have shown potential utility in alleviating radiation-induced oxidative damage due to their rich antioxidant components. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanism and research progress of natural products in protecting cells from radiation-induced oxidative stress, summarize the oxidative damage caused by radiation and its mechanism, and emphasize the overproduction of free radicals and the imbalance of antioxidant defense system as the main pathological processes. The antioxidant effects of polyphenols(ketones and phenolic acids) in direct scavenging of free radicals and enhancing the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes were reviewed in detail. The special antioxidation mechanisms of polysaccharides, saponins and alkaloids were explained. The specific role of organosulfides and melatonin in protecting cells from oxidative damage was further explored. This article integrates the relevant research progress in recent years and prospectively analyzes the clinical effect and potential impact of antioxidant drugs, hoping to provide reference for the development of new radiation protection strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Research in Pharmacology: A Legacy or a Last Resort?","authors":"Darshan Gowda Bharathi Srinivasa, Sunil Kumar Kadiri, Prashant Tiwari","doi":"10.2174/0125899775398655251203104841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775398655251203104841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacology has benefited greatly from animal research, which has supported drug discovery, safety evaluations, and therapeutic developments. However, its necessity is increasingly debated due to ethical concerns, regulatory changes, and emerging alternatives. This overview examines the historical significance of animal testing, its contributions to toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and the ethical frameworks that guide its use. Although advances in in vitro models, artificial intelligence, and organ-on-a-chip technologies offer promising alternatives, their complete implementation is hindered by legal and technical challenges. The transition to animal-free research in pharmacology remains a complex balance between innovation, ethics, and scientific validation. This review highlights potential future directions for drug discovery while critically evaluating whether animal research is a long-term necessity or an outdated practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than Cysts: Decoding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome from Cells to Solutions.","authors":"Sonam Chosdon, Nilesh Prasad, Ninshul Agarwal, Dharmendra Jain","doi":"10.2174/0125899775407761251202140105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775407761251202140105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine syndrome that affects a significant proportion of women of reproductive age, with implications for fertility, metabolic health, and overall well-being. This review examines the intricate pathogenesis of PCOS, highlighting key factors such as hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Emerging evidence also suggests that genetics, epigenetics, and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of PCOS. Additionally, we explore the influence of external factors, including environmental chemicals that may induce PCOS-like symptoms, and mechanisms related to follicular endoplasmic reticulum stress. Recent findings underscore the role of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in modulating PCOS, along with immune system regulation and the involvement of immune cells in its pathophysiology. This review further investigates the impact of saturated fatty acids and vitamin D on PCOS, emphasizing their roles in disease progression. In terms of treatment, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches are discussed. Non-pharmacological interventions such as lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, and acupuncture), supplements, herbs, and emerging strategies like seed cycling are explored as adjuncts to managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Pharmacological treatments, including hormonal therapies, insulin-sensitizing agents, and antiandrogen drugs, are commonly used to address symptoms. Overall, this review provides an indepth analysis of the multifaceted nature of PCOS and offers a holistic overview of current and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for effective management.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147491954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of Enhancing the Solubility and Bioavailability of BCS Classification II Drugs.","authors":"Mithlesh, Akash Garg, Himansu Chopra, Rutvi Agrawal, Ramkumar Chaudhary","doi":"10.2174/0125899775402734251202161916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0125899775402734251202161916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The solubility and bioavailability of drugs have a significant impact on their therapeutic efficacy, particularly for BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) Class II drugs, which have low solubility and high permeability. Inconsistent bioavailability and a diminished pharmacological response result from poor solubility, restricting drug absorption. Many methods, such as solid dispersion, co-solvency, cyclodextrin complexation, supercritical fluid approaches, nanoparticles, and lipid-based formulations, have been developed to improve solubility and enhance therapeutic efficacy. The physicochemical elements influencing solubility, ways for overcoming low solubility, and the difficulties involved with these approaches are covered in this review. Enhancing the effectiveness of poorly soluble medications may be possible through the combination of sophisticated formulation techniques and a better comprehension of solubilization mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":37008,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Research Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147628890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}