Echa Przeszlosci最新文献

Історія козацько-старшинської родини XVIII ст. крізь документи: тестаменти Марковичів 18世纪古科扎克家族的故事通过文件：Markovich测试

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9297

Iryna Kryvosheia

{"title":"Історія козацько-старшинської родини XVIII ст. крізь документи: тестаменти Марковичів","authors":"Iryna Kryvosheia","doi":"10.31648/ep.9297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9297","url":null,"abstract":"У статті вивчається історія відомої в Гетьманщині козацько-старшинської родини Марковичів крізь такий специфічний історичний документ як тестамент. Марковичам в російській, радянській та вже в українській історіографії присвячено чимало різнопланових досліджень. Це пояснюється інтересом, насамперед, до долі й ролі в історії Гетьманщини представниці родини Марковичів Анастасії Марківни, яка була дружиною гетьмана Івана Скоропадського. Саме вона активно посприяла кар’єрі усіх своїх родичів. Її рідні брати, чоловіки сестер та племінники займали високі уряди в козацькій ієрархії, відтак, впливали на перебіг подій як в окремих полках, так і в усій Гетьманщині. Погляд на родину Марковичів з огляду на їхні заповіти та інші документи тієї доби підсвічує цю старшинську родину в інший спосіб. Уточняються дати життя окремих осіб. З’ясовуються особливості стосунків у доволі великій родині Марковичів. Тестаменти дозволяють дізнатися чимало нової інформації про повсякдення та світовідчуття цієї впливової родини.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49400879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communism and communists towards the intelligentsia in interwar Poland. An outline of the issue 共产主义和共产主义者对两次世界大战期间波兰知识分子的态度。问题概述

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9303

Karol Sacewicz

{"title":"Communism and communists towards the intelligentsia in interwar Poland. An outline of the issue","authors":"Karol Sacewicz","doi":"10.31648/ep.9303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9303","url":null,"abstract":"As a section of the Comintern and a de facto Soviet agent, the Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (CWPP), and subsequently the Communist Party of Poland (CPP), aimed to effect a revolt of the masses—a revolution—which would culminate in making the dictatorship of the proletariat a reality. Holding hegemonic power, the Communists would thus be able to carry out Moscow’s imperial plans in the guise of Communist slogans and ideals. In that struggle, the communist party active on the territory of the Second Republic of Poland, as well as all sections of the Comintern, relied primarily on the working masses, on the proletariat, and with time found support among the landless and rural smallholders: groups which were susceptible to the most extreme revolutionary slogans. Or was there a place for another force, namely the intelligentsia? What positions with regard to the latter were adopted by the Bolsheviks in Russia, the principal ideologists of the Soviet mir and, by virtue of the CWPP/CPP’s subordination to Moscow, by the communist parties in Poland? This is precisely what this text is concerned with: the varying, fairly flexible policy of the communists towards the intelligentsia, which nonetheless was always calculated to serve the interests and goals of Moscow. One rather important detail should be noted here. The intelligentsia in question was neither a homogeneous group in terms of its social, political or economic views nor was it a national or religious monolith; on the contrary, it was characterized by numerous dividing lines, which is why applying a uniform yardstick to assess its attitudes towards communism and vice versa would be erroneous. Hence, this study only outlines and critically discusses the chief directions adopted by the communist party in its treatment of the intelligentsia, as well as the selected modalities of the latter’s approach to communism: from negation, through conformist subservience, to total subordination. All the same, it is merely a voice in the scholarly debate that should continue.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48200750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Участь українців австро-угорського підданства в Першій більшовицько-українській війні (січень–березень 1918 р.) 乌克兰人参加奥匈第一次重大乌克兰战争（1918年1月至3月）

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9302

I. Khoma

{"title":"Участь українців австро-угорського підданства в Першій більшовицько-українській війні (січень–березень 1918 р.)","authors":"I. Khoma","doi":"10.31648/ep.9302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9302","url":null,"abstract":"Tekst skupia się na udziale Ukraińców z terenów monarchii austro-węgierskiej w pierwszej wojnie o niepodległość Ukrainy w XX w. przeciwko wojskom Rosji bolszewickiej. Wojna trwała od grudnia 1917 r. do czerwca 1918 r. Zwyciężyła w niej Ukraińska Republika Ludowa (URL) głównie dzięki temu, że od drugiej połowy lutego 1918 r. Austro-Węgry i Niemcy zostały sojusznikami URL. Nielicznejednostki bojowe wojska URL nie miały możliwości przeciwstawić się przeważającym siłom Rosji bolszewickiej. Świadomością polityczną, tożsamościową oraz umiejętnością walki wyróżniali się Ukraińcy pochodzący z Galicji. W przededniu pierwszej wojny bolszewickiej ukraińskie władze w Kijowie zezwoliły im, jako jeńcom wojennym wziętym do niewoli przez Rosję podczas I wojny światowej, na utworzenie jednostki wojskowej. Był nią Halicko-Bukowiński Kureń Strzelców Siczowych, stanowiący części armii URL. Na początku wojny bolszewicko-ukraińskiej jednostka ta została przemianowana na I Kureń Strzelców Siczowych. Odegrał on ważną rolę w powstrzymaniu bolszewickiej ofensywy na Kijów, stłumieniu powstania bolszewickiego w Kijowie i w obronie władz centralnych, aż do momentu podpisania w Brześciu traktatów z przyszłymi sojusznikami – Niemcami i Austro-Węgrami.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silenus of Kale Akte and the propaganda process of building Hannibal’s image 《羽衣甘蓝》与汉尼拔形象塑造的宣传过程

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9293

Miron Wolny

{"title":"Silenus of Kale Akte and the propaganda process of building Hannibal’s image","authors":"Miron Wolny","doi":"10.31648/ep.9293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9293","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the role of Greek historian Silenus in building a strategic narrative about the Second Punic War (218–201 BCE) and Hannibal’s image for the needs of political propaganda. Historical annals composed by Lucius Coelius Antipater, a Roman jurist and historian, provide an interesting framework for drawing conclusions about Silenus’ work. An analysis of formal and substantive principles in Coelius’ annals supports the identification of similarities in both authors’ works and the modifications introduced by the Roman historian. Silenus was tasked with building a historical narrative in support of Carthage, and he resorted to various literary devices to paint a positive image of the Carthaginian general. These propaganda measures incorporated religious elements, as evidenced by two events described in Cicero’s De divinatione: Hannibal’s dream at the beginning of the invasion in the Apennine Mountains, and the general’s stay in Capo Colonna towards the end of the Italian campaign. These episodes were clearly derived from Silenus’ works, which suggests that Hannibal resorted to various tools to build his political image. In addition to formal references to Hellenic literature, Hannibal’s propagandist relied also on the language of communication derived from a “hieratic” approach to glorifying own achievements and Middle Eastern traditions. The aim of these literary manipulations was to convince the readers that the worlds of gods and humans are entangled, and that political and military leaders are endowed with miraculous powers that enable them to rise to victory. Coelius introduced some modifications to Silenus’ original work, possibly with the intent of concealing his attempts at portraying Hannibal as a Carthaginian leader with divine status.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69370323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Влияние решений Замойского собора на формирование европейской ментальности в украинцев и белорусов Речи Посполитой – историография проблемы 扎莫伊议会的决定对乌克兰人和白俄罗斯人欧洲心理形成的影响

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9298

Mykhailo Zhurba, Victor Dotsenko

引用次数: 0

Банкнотно-монетный двор Украины – история создания и перспективы развития 乌克兰货币法庭——创造和发展前景的历史

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9310

Olga Gaidai, Natalia Trifonowa

{"title":"Банкнотно-монетный двор Украины – история создания и перспективы развития","authors":"Olga Gaidai, Natalia Trifonowa","doi":"10.31648/ep.9310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9310","url":null,"abstract":"Celem pracy jest analiza specyfiki wprowadzania do obiegu hrywny od czasów Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej, głównych osiągnięć i problemów na drodze do zapewnienia państwu podaży pieniądza, badanie procesu produkcji high-tech z zakończonym cyklem (Fabryka Banknotów i Mennica). Metodologia pracy polega na zastosowaniu syntetycznych, historyczno-porównawczych, analitycznych, integralnych i historyczno-genetycznych metod badań naukowych, które pozwalają na analizę rozwoju obiegu pieniężnego tego okresu. Podstawą statystyczną i merytoryczną opracowania są ustawy uchwalone przez Radę Najwyższą Ukrainy, rozporządzenia Narodowego Banku Ukrainy, publikacje statystyczne oraz materiały z badań własnych autorów. Nowatorstwo artykułu polega na systematycznym badaniu specyfiki obiegu pieniądza w okresie niepodległości, głównych etapów na drodze dochodzenia do hrywny, złożoności okresu przejściowego, procesu wytwarzania papieru wartościowego, stopnia ochrony hrywny, aktualnych trendów w analizie banknotów i monet, przede wszystkim monet okolicznościowych i inwestycyjnych Emisja własnego pieniądza przez cały czas symbolizowała suwerenne państwo, dlatego ważne jest ukazanie tego procesu w trzech kluczowych okresach historii Ukrainy: w państwie kijowskim, Ukraińskiej Republice Ludowej i w niepodległej Ukrainie. Przeanalizowano i udowodniono istnienie unikalnej produkcji w obiegu zamkniętym na Ukrainie, która z powodzeniem spełnia swoją główną funkcję dostarczania ludności banknotów, a także specyfiki produkcji pamiątkowej, związanej przede wszystkim z monetami okolicznościowymi – narodowe symbole państwa popularyzują główne kamienie milowe historii i kultury.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69369978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Korespondencja starosty knyszyńskiego Tomasza Czapskiego (1711–1784) jako źródło poznania jego rodzinnych relacji i sporów sądowych Knyszyn市长Tomasz Czapski（1711–1784）的信件，作为了解其家庭关系和法庭纠纷的来源

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9296

Mikołaj Tomaszewski

引用次数: 0

An unfortunate ally of the United Arab Republic.The People’s National Army of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war 阿拉伯联合共和国不幸的盟友。1967年阿以战争期间阿尔及利亚人民民主共和国人民国民军

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9309

Przemysław Benken

{"title":"An unfortunate ally of the United Arab Republic.The People’s National Army of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war","authors":"Przemysław Benken","doi":"10.31648/ep.9309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9309","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the combat potential of the People’s National Army of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria in the 1960s, with a particular focus on its operations during the 1967 Arab-Israeli conflict and the consequences of that war for the further development of the Algerian armed forces. In view of the language barrier and the impossibility of conducting queries in the Algerian archives, the author relied on briefing notes prepared by the military attaché office at the Embassy of the People’s Republic of Poland in Algiers in 1964–1967. Although the military attaché did not engage in any intelligence activities against the host country and was confined to gathering information by legal means, he was nevertheless able to obtain valuable data on the PNA. That information adds to the knowledge of the Algerian armed forces and coincides with the relevant literature in English, offering a valuable supplement to the latter. The analysis of the source material demonstrates that although the PNA presented itself asone of the three strongest armies on the African continent on paper, its combat potential was seriously undermined by the country’s backwardness and internal instability, which adversely affected the organizational structure of the armed forces and deprived them of sufficiently numerous, trained reserves. This became acutely apparent in June 1967.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47024171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Place names commemorating Hadrian – an attempt to approximate the scale of the phenomenon 纪念哈德良的地名——试图接近这一现象的规模

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9294

Marek Jurkowski

{"title":"Place names commemorating Hadrian – an attempt to approximate the scale of the phenomenon","authors":"Marek Jurkowski","doi":"10.31648/ep.9294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.9294","url":null,"abstract":"According to Historia Augusta (Vita Hadriani 20, 4), many cities in the Roman Empire were named Hadrianopolis after the emperor Hadrian. The aim of this article is to approximate the number of places named after Hadrian not only Hadrianopoleis mentioned. Cities were named after Roman emperors to commemorate the rulers’ role as the founders or benefactors of localities. This practice deserves special attention. The extent to which Hadrian had been commemorated in place names has not been researched extensively to date, but the approximate number of cities and towns named or possibly named after the emperor was relatively high. The exact number of localities named after Hadrian cannot be determined based on historical sources for a number of reasons, as discussed on the examples of localities such as Turris Tamalleni or Bisica Lucana. However, regardless of these difficulties, research suggests that Hadrian could have been commemorated in the names of up to 15 colonies, 19 municipalities (municipia), 4 localities that were most likely colonies or municipalities, and 43 other localities (mainly peregrine towns), which gives a total of more than 80 place names (the colonies and municipalities whose names commemorate the emperor should be distinguished from those that had been founded by Hadrian). In this article, the localities named after Hadrian were classified based on their legal status and are presented in tables. Particular attention has been paid to the controversies surrounding some of the cities thought to have been named after Hadrian (such as the colonial titulature of Avennio, the modern-day Avignon). The estimated number of localities named or possibly named after Hadrian indicates that these toponyms may have played a significant role in shaping the emperor’s public image.","PeriodicalId":36993,"journal":{"name":"Echa Przeszlosci","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kaunas city register of 1561–1564 as a source of information about the management and sale of forest commodities 考纳斯市1561-1564年的登记册，作为森林商品管理和销售的信息来源

Echa Przeszlosci Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.31648/ep.9295

Krzysztof Łożyński

引用次数: 0