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Sobolev Spaces, Schwartz Spaces, and a definition of the Electromagnetic and Gravitational coupling Sobolev空间,Schwartz空间,以及电磁和引力耦合的定义
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-09-06 DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2017.810100
J. Montillet
{"title":"Sobolev Spaces, Schwartz Spaces, and a definition of the Electromagnetic and Gravitational coupling","authors":"J. Montillet","doi":"10.4236/jmp.2017.810100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2017.810100","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of \"multiplicity of solutions\" was developed in arXiv:1509.02603v2 which is based on the theory of energy operators in the Schwartz space S^-(R) and some subspaces called energy spaces first defined in arXiv:1208.3385 and arXiv:1308.0874. The main idea is to look for solutions of a given linear PDE in those subspaces. Here, this work extends previous developments in S^-(R^m) (m in Z^+) using the theory of Sobolev spaces, and in a special case the Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, we also define the concept of \"Energy Parallax\", which is the inclusion of additional solutions when varying the energy of a predefined system locally by taking into account additional smaller quantities. We show that it is equivalent to take into account solutions in other energy subspaces. To illustrate the theory, one of our examples is based on the variation of ElectroMagnetic (EM) energy density within the skin depth of a conductive material, leading to take into account derivatives of EM evanescent waves, particular solutions of the wave equation. The last example is the derivation of the Woodward effect with the variations of the EM energy density under strict assumptions in general relativity. It finally leads to a theoretical definition of an electromagnetic and gravitational (EMG) coupling.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115727924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Two Approaches to Measurability Concept and Quantum Theory 可测性概念和量子理论的两种途径
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.12988/ASTP.2017.7731
A. Shalyt-Margolin
{"title":"Two Approaches to Measurability Concept and Quantum Theory","authors":"A. Shalyt-Margolin","doi":"10.12988/ASTP.2017.7731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/ASTP.2017.7731","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper, in terms of the measurability concept introduced in the previous works of the author, a quantum theory is studied. Within the framework of this concept, several examples are considered using the Schrodinger picture; analogs of Fourier transformations from the momentum representation to the coordinate one and vice versa are constructed. It is shown how to produce a measurable analog of the Heisenberg picture. At the end of this paper the obtained results are used to substantiate another (more general) definition of the measurability concept that is not based on the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and its generalization, as it has been in the previous works of the author, and may be equally suitable for both non-relativistic and relativistic cases.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130605017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
$f(T)$ gravity and energy distribution in Landau-Lifshitz prescription $f(T)$ Landau-Lifshitz处方中的重力和能量分布
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-08-29 DOI: 10.1142/S0218271818500396
M. Ganiou, M. Houndjo, J. Tossa
{"title":"$f(T)$ gravity and energy distribution in Landau-Lifshitz prescription","authors":"M. Ganiou, M. Houndjo, J. Tossa","doi":"10.1142/S0218271818500396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271818500396","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate in this paper the Landau-Lifshitz energy distribution in the framework of $f(T)$ theory view as a modified version of Teleparallel theory. From some important Teleparallel theory results on the localization of energy, our investigations generalize the Landau-Lifshitz prescription from the computation of the energy-momentum complex to the framework of $f (T)$ gravity as it is done in the modified versions of General Relativity. We compute the energy density in the first step for three plane symmetric metrics in vacuum. We find for the second metric that the energy density vanishes independently of $f (T)$ models. These metrics provide results in perfect agreement with those mentioned in literature. In the second step the calculations are performed for the Cosmic String Spacetime metric. It results that the energy distribution depends on the mass $M$ of cosmic string and it is strongly affected by the parameter of the considered $f (T)$ quadratic model.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117049173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Double Hodge Theory for a particle on Torus 环面上粒子的双霍奇理论
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-08-19 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6124189
V. Pandey, B. Mandal
{"title":"Double Hodge Theory for a particle on Torus","authors":"V. Pandey, B. Mandal","doi":"10.1155/2017/6124189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6124189","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate all possible nilpotent symmetries for a particle on torus. We explicitly construct four independent nilpotent BRST symmetries for such systems and derive the algebra between the generators of such symmetries. We show that such a system has rich mathematical properties and behaves as double Hodge theory. We further construct the finite field dependent BRST transformation for such systems by integrating the infinitesimal BRST transformation systematically. Such a finite transformation is useful in realizing the various theories with toric geometry.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124167250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Magnetic Charge and Photon Mass: Physical String Singularities, Dirac Condition, and Magnetic Confinement 磁荷与光子质量:物理弦奇点、狄拉克条件与磁约束
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-08-11 DOI: 10.1142/S0217751X18500641
Timothy J. Evans, D. Singleton
{"title":"Magnetic Charge and Photon Mass: Physical String Singularities, Dirac Condition, and Magnetic Confinement","authors":"Timothy J. Evans, D. Singleton","doi":"10.1142/S0217751X18500641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X18500641","url":null,"abstract":"We find exact, simple solutions to the Proca version of Maxwell's equations with magnetic sources. Several properties of these solutions differ from the usual case of magnetic charge with a massless photon: (i) the string singularities of the usual 3-vector potentials become real singularities in the magnetic fields; (ii) the different 3-vector potentials become gauge inequivalent and physically distinct solutions; (iii) the magnetic field depends on $r$ and $theta$ and thus is no longer rotationally symmetric; (iv) a combined system of electric and magnetic charge carries a field angular momentum even when the electric and magnetic charges are located at the same place i.e. for dyons); (v) for these dyons one recovers the standard Dirac condition despite the photon being massive. We discuss the reason for this. We conclude by proposing that the string singularity in the magnetic field of an {it isolated} magnetic charge suggests a confinement mechanism for magnetic charge, similar to the flux tube confinement of quarks in QCD.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134339677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Energy Bounds in $f(R,G)$ Gravity with Anisotropic Background 具有各向异性背景的$f(R,G)$重力中的能量界
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-08-07 DOI: 10.1142/S0219887817501699
M. Shamir, Ayesha Komal
{"title":"Energy Bounds in $f(R,G)$ Gravity with Anisotropic Background","authors":"M. Shamir, Ayesha Komal","doi":"10.1142/S0219887817501699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219887817501699","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the energy bounds in modified Gauss-Bonnet gravity with anisotropic background. Locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type ${I}$ cosmological model in $f(R,G)$ gravity is considered to meet this aim. Primarily, a general $f(R,G)$ model is used to develop the field equations. In this aspect, we investigate the viability of modified gravitational theory by studying the energy conditions. We take in account four $f(R,G)$ gravity models commonly discussed in the literature. We formulate the inequalities obtained by energy conditions and investigate the viability of the above mentioned models using the Hubble, deceleration, jerk and snap parameters. Graphical analysis shows that for first two $f(R,G)$ gravity models, NEC, WEC and SEC are satisfied under suitable values of anisotropy and model parameters involved. Moreover, SEC is violated for the third and fourth models which predicts the cosmic expansion.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"13 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132546324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Revealing how different spinors can be: the Lounesto spinor classification 揭示不同的旋量:Lounesto旋量分类
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-08-03 DOI: 10.1142/S0217732317300324
J. M. H. Silva, R. T. Cavalcanti
{"title":"Revealing how different spinors can be: the Lounesto spinor classification","authors":"J. M. H. Silva, R. T. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1142/S0217732317300324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732317300324","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to give a coordinate based introduction to the so-called Lounesto spinorial classification scheme. We introduce the main ideas and aspects of this spinorial categorization in an argumentative basis, after what we delve into a commented account on recent results obtained from (and within) this branch of research.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125127564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
Snyder Like Modified Gravity in Newton's Spacetime Snyder喜欢牛顿时空中的修正引力
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-07-25 DOI: 10.1142/S0218271818500700
C. Leiva
{"title":"Snyder Like Modified Gravity in Newton's Spacetime","authors":"C. Leiva","doi":"10.1142/S0218271818500700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271818500700","url":null,"abstract":"This work is focused on searching a geodesic interpretation of the dynamics of a particle under the effects of a Snyder like deformation in the background of the Kepler problem. In order to accomplish that task, a newtonian spacetime is used. Newtonian spacetime is not a metric manifold, but allows to introduce a torsion free connection in order to interpret the dynamic equations of the deformed Kepler problem as geodesics in a curved spacetime. These geodesics and the curvature terms of the Riemann and Ricci tensors show a mass and a fundamental length dependence as expected, but are velocity independent. In this sense, the effect of introducing a deformed algebra is examinated and the corresponding curvature terms calculated, as well as the modifications of the integrals of motion.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129243528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Quantum Theory of Elementary Cycles 基本循环的量子理论导论
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-07-03 DOI: 10.1142/9781783268320_0005
D. Dolce
{"title":"Introduction to the Quantum Theory of Elementary Cycles","authors":"D. Dolce","doi":"10.1142/9781783268320_0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9781783268320_0005","url":null,"abstract":"Elementary Cycles Theory is a self-consistent, unified formulation of quantum and relativistic physics. Here we introduce its basic quantum aspects. On one hand, Newton's law of inertia states that every isolated particle has persistent motion, i.e. constant energy and momentum. On the other hand, the wave-particle duality associates a space-time recurrence to the elementary particle energy-momentum. Paraphrasing these two fundamental principles, Elementary Cycles Theory postulates that every isolated elementary constituent of nature (every elementary particle) must be characterized by persistent intrinsic space-time periodicity. Elementary particles are the elementary reference clocks of Nature. The space-time periodicity is determined by the kinematical state (energy and momentum), so that interactions imply modulations, and every system is decomposable in terms of modulated elementary cycles. Undulatory mechanics is imposed as constraint \"overdetermining\" relativistic mechanics, similarly to Einstein's proposal of unification. Surprisingly this mathematically proves that the unification of quantum and relativistic physics is fully achieved by imposing an intrinsically cyclic (or compact) nature for relativistic space-time coordinates. In particular the Minkowskian time must be cyclic. The resulting classical mechanics are in fact fully consistent with relativity and reproduces all the fundamental aspects of quantum-relativistic mechanics without explicit quantization. This \"overdetermination\" just enforces both the local nature of relativistic space-time and the wave-particle duality. It also implies a fully geometrodynamical formulation of gauge interactions which, similarly to gravity and general relativity, is inferred as modulations of the elementary space-time clocks. This brings novel elements to address most of the fundamental open problems of modern physics.","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134077546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Evolving statistical systems: application to academic courses 发展中的统计系统:在学术课程中的应用
arXiv: General Physics Pub Date : 2017-06-07 DOI: 10.12988/AMS.2017.7129
R. Caimmi
{"title":"Evolving statistical systems: application to academic courses","authors":"R. Caimmi","doi":"10.12988/AMS.2017.7129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12988/AMS.2017.7129","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical systems are conceived from the standpoint of statistical mechanics, as made of a (generally large) number of identical units and exhibiting a (generally large) number of different configurations (microstates), among which only equivalence classes (macrostates) are accessible to observations. Further attention is devoted to evolving statistical systems, and a simple case including only a possible event, E, and related opposite event, $neg$E, is examined in detail. In particular, the expected evolution is determined and compared to the random evolution inferred from a sequence of random numbers, for different sample populations. The special case of radioactive decay is considered and results are expressed in terms of the fractional time, $t/Delta t$, where the time step, $Delta t$, is related to the decay probability, $p=p(Delta t)$. An application is made to data collections from selected academic courses, focusing on the extent to which expected evolutions and model random evolutions fit to empirical random evolutions inferred from data collections. Results could be biased by the assumed number of students who abandoned their course, defined as suitable impostors (SI). Extreme cases related to a lower and an upper limit of the SI number are considered for a time step, $Delta t=(1/12)$y, where fitting expected evolutions relate to $0.003le ple0.200$. In conclusion, evolving statistical systems made of academic courses are similar to poorly populated samples of radioactive nuclides exhibiting equal probabilities, $p$, and time steps, $Delta t$, where inferred mean lifetimes, $tau$, and half-life times, $t_{1/2}$, range within $0.37<tau/{rm y}<27.73$ and $0.25","PeriodicalId":369778,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: General Physics","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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