{"title":"Detection of Genetically Modified Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean Sold in Sarawak","authors":"M. Sani, F. Yen, N. Sajali","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.012","url":null,"abstract":"A genetically modified (GM) crop is an organism whose genetic makeup has been altered to express the desired physiological traits. Soybean (Glycine max) is a common GM crop. Its genome has been genetically engineered to confer resistance to herbicides, pests and extreme environmental conditions. Mislabelling of food products as GM-free has triggered insecurity among consumers. In addition, the health effects due to consumption of GM foods remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the presence of GM soybean in animal feeds and several food products such as raw soybean, tempeh, and tofu collected from Sarawak traditional markets, grocery stores, and supermarkets. The presence of the regulatory elements CaMV 35S Promoter (P35S) and NOS Terminator (TNOS) were initially screened using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Then, all samples were subjected to the PCR-based construct-specific method by targeting the cp4 epsps gene, which confers glyphosate-resistance. Positive samples were validated through DNA sequencing. The result demonstrated that 56 out of 65 samples including 17 soybean, 12 animal feeds, 7 tofu and 20 tempeh samples were positive for cp4 epsps. Furthermore, 2 out of 20 raw soybean samples were labelled as GM-free. However, validation using DNA sequencing indicates 100% identity to cp4 epsps gene in comparison with the Genbank database. This study demonstrated the significance of GM detection in soybean and the importance of accurate food labelling.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biocontrol Potential, Genome and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Gene Expression of Bacillus velezensis 2211","authors":"Nantawan Niemhom, Chokchai Kittiwongwattana","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.005","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the genus Bacillus produced a diverse group of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we presented the antifungal activity and genome sequence analysis of Bacillus sp. 2211, a potential plant-growth-promoting bacterium. Bacterial supernatants from strain 2211 cultures in nutrient broth (NB) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) suppressed the mycelial growth of Pyricularia oryzae, Colletotrichum aenigma, Colletotrichum fructicola and Fusarium oxysporum. The supernatants were also able to suppress spore germination of these fungi, except for F. oxysporum. However, the supernatant from PDB displayed a significantly higher inhibition activity than NB. Additionally, the supernatant from PDB significantly reduced the disease severity caused by P. oryzae on rice seedlings. The genome of strain 2211 was sequenced. The highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (80.1%) and average nucleotide identity (97.57%) levels indicated that strain 2211 was a member of the species Bacillus velezensis. The phylogenomic analysis showed that it clustered with B. velezensis NRRL B-41580T, B. velezensis KACC 13105 and B. velezensis subsp. plantarum FZB42T. The gene expression analysis showed the up-regulation of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes bmyA, fenB and dhbE in PDB, compared to NB. This work demonstrated that the culture media affected the antagonistic activity of strain 2211 possibly through the modification of NRPS biosynthesis genes.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45105554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Synthesis Method of Fe Loaded Amorphous Silica on the Adsorption of Glyphosate","authors":"Onsulang Sophiphun, S. Chanprame, C. Laksana","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.013","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous silica from sugarcane bagasse ash (Si-BA) was extracted and used as a support for iron (Fe). The FeSO4 was loaded onto the Si-BA by 3 different methods consisting of refluxing (RF), incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and physical mixing (PM) methods. The prepared materials used as glyphosate adsorbents were Fe/Si-BA-RF, Fe/Si-BA-IWI and Fe/SI-BA-PM. All adsorbents were further studied by several techniques. There were X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), N2 adsorption-desorption, diffused reflected UV-Visible (DR-UV-Vis) techniques and pH Drift method. The Fe was highly dispersed onto the Si-BA with Fe loading of approximately 2.36-2.55%wt. The Fe/Si-BA-IWI and Fe/Si-BA-PM exhibited a large amount of FexOy oligomer and Fe2O3 species as compared to the Fe/Si-BA-RF. Then, the glyphosate adsorption kinetic was further studied over the Si-BA and all Fe loaded Si-BA. The adsorption kinetic of glyphosate could be described by pseudo-second order kinetic model for all adsorbents. Moreover, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to study the adsorption isotherms. All adsorbents were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. Based on the Freundlich isotherm, the relative adsorption capacity of the adsorbents could be determined from the Freundlich isotherm constant (KF). The Fe/Si-BA-IWI provided a higher KF value than Fe/Si-BA-PM, Fe/Si-BA-RF and Si-BA, respectively. As the results, the synthesis method of Fe loaded amorphous silica affected the glyphosate adsorption capacity. The highest capacity of Fe/Si-BA-IWI was attributed to its predominately observed FexOy oligomer and Fe2O3 species.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41454571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial Cellulose: A Multipurpose Biomaterial for Manmade World","authors":"Samriddhi Srivastava, G. Mathur","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.014","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a flexible biopolymer having valuable properties like high purity (without hemicellulose and lignin), high percentage of crystallinity, water retention, mechanical strength, biodegradability and unique biocompatibility. Unlike plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose is produced by many bacterial species. Recent advances in research have identified several producers of BC but the key producer is Komagataeibacter xylinus. BC produced from K. xylinus is known to possess captivating structural, physical, and chemical properties, hence making it a significant natural polymer to be used for future innovative research purposes. This review paper discusses the structural and physicochemical properties of BC; its natural production from bacteria as well as its production under optimized culture conditions. Since the demand for useful composites is high, the involvement of BC in the development of BC-based composites has also been discussed in detail in this paper. This review paper also highlights the diverse applications of BC in the biomedical, electronics, food, textile and pharmaceutical industries. The involvement of BC in the food and pharmaceutical industries can lead to further development of several BC-based super foods and next-generation wound dressings. On the basis of the compiled information in this review paper as well as that in the available literature, future studies should be focused on BC-based drug delivery mechanisms and their performance in in vivo and in vitro experiments; studies that should help to understand this biopolymer in a meticulous manner.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42543503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Balasubramanian, A. Girigoswami, K. Girigoswami
{"title":"Nano Resveratrol and Its Anticancer Activity","authors":"D. Balasubramanian, A. Girigoswami, K. Girigoswami","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.010","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and there are various treatments for cancer. Although most of them cause adverse side effects, plant-based phytochemicals are studied for their anticancer properties to overcome these limitations. Among these, resveratrol has shown a prominent anticancer activity against different types of cancers such as ovarian, colorectal, breast, and liver cancers. Despite its pharmacological activities, resveratrol possesses some physiological and pharmacokinetic limitations including low bioavailability and poor solubility, and several other factors, and these limit the usage of resveratrol as an anticancer agent. These limitations of resveratrol can be rectified with the help of nanotechnology whereby resveratrol is nanoformulated with various types of nanoparticles including polymers, liposomes, dendrimers, and metals, which have different nanostructures such as spears, rods, and nanoflowers. Some of these have shown promising effects against the proliferation and migration of various types of cancer when used at low drug concentrations. Scientists have also observed the synergistic effects of nanoformulated resveratrol with other components. In this review, we discuss nano resveratrol and its anticancer activity against various types of cancer.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46730048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EIS and Electrical Investigations on (1D) Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as NAM Additive for Automotive Lead-Acid Battery","authors":"Sreedhar Doraswamy, Narendran Dama, Suryanarayana Murthy Kurivella, Jagadish Mandava, V. Veeredhi","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.015","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, an application like Start-Light-Ignition (SLI) for the automotive industry prefers flooded type lead-acid energy storage and is also vastly adopted energy storage. Lead-acid cells in a battery comprise negative and positive electrodes, separated by an insulating material with industrial-grade H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The objective of the present investigation is to overcome the progressive sulphation in the negative electrode and improve the battery’s electrical performance. With one dimensional (1D) carbon nano tubes (CNTs) as an additive in the negative electrode of an automotive flooded lead-acid battery (LAB), we try to improve the battery performance. In this study, negative electrodes of LAB were prepared by loading traditional constituents like lead oxide, H2SO4, H2O, polyester binder, lignosulphonate, and Blanc Fixe while limiting MWCNTs to 0.2%. The performance studies of the prepared batteries were conducted, as per Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Both the batteries prepared with and without MWCNTs as an additive in negative active materials (NAM) were subjected to electrical assessments to understand the cold cranking ability, cycling stability, and charge acceptance. The batteries were also analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) where the lower charge transfer resistance was observed with the battery having MWCNTs when compared to the control (without MWCNTs) battery. The present investigations established that the MWCNT material, as an additive, played a vital role in laying an improved conductive network across the negative electrodes for higher cycling applications (ISS/Hybrid/EV).","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47978829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting Heart Disease Using FTGM-PCA Based Informative Entropy Based-Random Forest","authors":"Deepika Deenathayalan, Balaji Narayanan","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.011","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, heart disease has become a reason for high mortality rate, and data mining has also gained attention in the medical domain. Predicting this disease in its initial stage helps to save lives and reduce treatment costs. Various classification models were recently introduced with expected outcomes. However, they lacked prediction accuracy. Hence, the aim of this study was to employ data mining techniques for predicting heart disease, and focused on higher accuracy. This disease was predicted by considering the Cleveland heart disease dataset, employing deep CNN models for extracting relevant features, and performing feature level fusion related to its efficient and automatic learning. FGM-PCA (Fast Track Gram Matrix-Principal Component Analysis) was proposed for dimensionality reduction and fusion to solve overfitting issues, minimise time and space complexity, eliminate redundant data, and enhance classifier performance. Further, effective classification was achieved through the newly introduced IEB-RF (Informative Entropy Based-Random Forest) because it offers high accuracy and can also handle a large amount of data flexibly. The proposed system was evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, F1-score, AUC (Area under Curve) and precision. The results revealed the superior performance of the introduced system in comparison to traditional techniques.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49319749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fajar Prakoso Mawasid, M. Syukur, Trikoesoemaningtyas -, Kunto Wibisono
{"title":"Evaluation to Select Tomato Genotypes with Big Fruit and Verification of Genetic Advance","authors":"Fajar Prakoso Mawasid, M. Syukur, Trikoesoemaningtyas -, Kunto Wibisono","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.004","url":null,"abstract":"Selection progress is one of the parameters of success in a plant breeding program. Selection with a pedigree approach made in early generation is intended to increase the mean value and reduce the variance of the selected population. This study aimed to determine the selection response from F2 to F3 in different locations, and to obtain transgressive segregant genotypes. The study was conducted from August 2018 to April 2019 at the IPB Tajur II Experimental Field (300 m asl), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The results showed a positive response for flowering time, fruit length, harvest time, fruit diameter, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight, and numbers of fruits. There was a big difference between the estimated value and the real value of selection response and realized heritability, which was most likely due to differences in the location of the experiment. Transgressive segregant was found in each observed character, but no genotype showed transgressive segregant criteria for all characters. The most transgressive segregant criteria were found in the F3GH3-248 genotype, for five of the seven characters observed.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47424539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Velmurugan, S. Saravanasankar, P. Venkumar, R. Sudhakarapandian
{"title":"IIoT Based Anomaly Detection and Maintenance Management of an Industrial Rotary System","authors":"K. Velmurugan, S. Saravanasankar, P. Venkumar, R. Sudhakarapandian","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.002","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous challenges are being faced by implementing the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which enables anomaly detection and optimal maintenance management of industrial production systems and their critical machines. Industries have started adopting this revolutionary technology along with other allied technologies to reap the full benefits out of Industry 4.0 environment. The objectives of this research work were to use the IIoT to develop a continuous monitoring system of the behavior of bottleneck facilities in a production system, to predict and avoid all possible failures, and to improve the overall productivity of the manufacturing system. The proposed prognostic health monitoring system employs IIoT sensors to measure the current values of the operating parameters of a machine, using built-in intelligent decision support mechanism to compare with optimal ranges of values, and to message the appropriate alarming signals as per the severity of the deviation. The system developed was tested with a prototype model comprising the Internet of Things, internet communication technology, and a machine learning algorithm, MEMS with standard input, output, storage and display of components, which was developed in a laboratory but implemented in a case study in a real industrial production plant. After the successful implementation of the developed system, the performance of the critical machine was evaluated in terms of metrics such as the average number of failures, average downtime and average service time spent. It was found that after the implementation, the downtime has decreased by nearly 22% and for the performance in terms of its output, the flow rate exhibited a steady increase with the passage of time.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47848255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-editing System and Its Participation in Plant and Medical Science","authors":"Prodipto Bishnu Angon, U. Habiba","doi":"10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.23.003","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term goal of scientists and breeders is to study the efficacy of a gene, as well as to use it in the development of human life and in the development of improved quality and varieties of crops. CRISPR/Cas9, a gene-editing tool, has already uncovered a wide range of applications in areas such as human disease diagnosis and the development of new crop varieties. This review provides basic ideas about CRISPR/Cas9 as well as its importance in the current context. CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool has more contributions to plant science than medical science. As a mature cutting-edge biotechnological technique, CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in a variety of crop related research and development areas including disease resistance, plant development, abiotic tolerance, morphological development, secondary metabolism, and fiber formation. Lastly, some of the limitations of this system have been mentioned, and aspects of more research in the future have been suggested. Through this review, readers will better be able to understand the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and will be familiar with much of the research that has occurred from the past to the present in a range of science fields.","PeriodicalId":36974,"journal":{"name":"Current Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}