Behavioral Science and Policy最新文献_第2页

Nudge versus sludge in gambling warning labels: How the effectiveness of a consumer protection measure can be undermined 轻推与污泥赌博警告标签:如何有效的消费者保护措施可以被破坏

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152200800103

P. Newall, Lukasz Walasek, Elliot A. Ludvig, M. Rockloff

{"title":"Nudge versus sludge in gambling warning labels: How the effectiveness of a consumer protection measure can be undermined","authors":"P. Newall, Lukasz Walasek, Elliot A. Ludvig, M. Rockloff","doi":"10.1177/237946152200800103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/237946152200800103","url":null,"abstract":"Legal gambling is a large industry in many countries. One way some governments try to protect people from losing more than they can afford is by requiring warning labels on gambling machines and their online equivalents. Prominent labels that make the odds of winning clear serve as nudges: They promote a beneficial behavior (such as deciding that the risk of losing money is too high) without interfering with choice (such as by restricting the availability of gambling). However, if gambling operators use labels that are difficult to understand, find, or read, those messages instead hamper decision-making and thus become sludge. In this article, we report on new research into whether gambling labels in the world's largest regulated online gambling market (the United Kingdom) are more consistent with nudge or sludge. We found that gambling operators overwhelmingly used sludge strategies when posting required gambling warning labels: For instance, they framed the message using a confusing format, applied a small font size to the text, and placed the warning on obscure help screens. We therefore propose that public policy officials throughout the world establish requirements for the wording and presentation of gambling warning labels to ensure that gamblers are well-informed about the odds they face.","PeriodicalId":36971,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Science and Policy","volume":"8 1","pages":"17 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

“Braking” bad: How managers can respond to employee misbehavior “刹车”坏:管理者如何应对员工的不当行为

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152200800107

Erin Frey, Gabrielle S. Adams, E. Bruno, J. Detert

引用次数: 1

Leveraging the Motivational Effects of Labels: Lessons from Retrofitting 利用标签的激励效应:来自改造的经验教训

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/bsp.2021.0010

David A. Comerford, Mirko Moro, Rodolfo Sejas-Portillo, Till Stowasser

引用次数: 0

Habits to save Our Habitat: Using the Psychology of Habits to Promote Sustainability 习惯拯救我们的栖息地：利用习惯心理学促进可持续性

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152100700207

A. Mazar, Geoff Tomaino, Z. Carmon, Wendy Wood

{"title":"Habits to save Our Habitat: Using the Psychology of Habits to Promote Sustainability","authors":"A. Mazar, Geoff Tomaino, Z. Carmon, Wendy Wood","doi":"10.1177/237946152100700207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/237946152100700207","url":null,"abstract":"Public awareness and concern about climate and environmental issues have grown dramatically in the United States and around the world. Yet this shift in attitudes has not been accompanied by similar increases in eco-friendly behaviors. We propose that this attitude-behavior gap is partly driven by the difficulty of changing unsustainable habits. Governments and businesses can reduce this gap through interventions that draw on insights from research into the psychology of habits and behavioral economics. First, they can reduce or add friction, making it easier for people to engage in eco-friendly actions and making it harder to continue environmentally damaging practices. Second, they can set up action cues— prompts that trigger pro-environment actions—and deliver these cues where and when they will have the biggest impact. Finally, they can provide psychologically informed incentives and disincentives that steer people toward environmentally beneficial actions. We also describe how even initially unpopular policies can become accepted through habitual repetition. In these ways, habit psychology represents a promising addition to the policymaker's toolbox.","PeriodicalId":36971,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Science and Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"75 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Six Behaviors Policymakers Should Promote to Mitigate Climate Change 政策制定者应该促进减缓气候变化的六种行为

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/bsp.2021.0013

Kate Heller, Michael Berger, Antonius Gagern, Abdurakhim Rakhimov, John Thomas, Erik Thulin

引用次数: 0

How to Encourage Pro-Environmental Behaviors without Crowding Out Public Support for Climate Policies 如何在不排挤公众对气候政策支持的情况下鼓励环保行为

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152100700209

K. Raimi

{"title":"How to Encourage Pro-Environmental Behaviors without Crowding Out Public Support for Climate Policies","authors":"K. Raimi","doi":"10.1177/237946152100700209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/237946152100700209","url":null,"abstract":"Utilities, governmental agencies, and nonprofit organizations all use interventions meant to spur the public to act in ways that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as by turning down the heat in the winter and limiting beef consumption. Yet critics contend that these interventions promote relatively trivial behaviors while reducing the perceived need to support regulations that would have much more of an effect but might require, say, increased taxes or effort. In other words, promoting behavioral interventions can crowd out the public's support for climate policies. But this undesirable consequence is avoidable. In this article, I propose evidence-based guidelines, which I collectively call the SESH formula, for implementing climate-related behavioral interventions that avoid crowding out support for effective policies. They hold that interventions should (a) push for specific high-impact behaviors, (b) accurately convey the behaviors’ effectiveness, (c) promote behaviors that are similar to (that is, are clearly related to) desirable policies, and (d) frame the desired behaviors as steps toward a higher goal—in this case, climate-change mitigation. I review the evidence for each SESH guideline and identify areas for future research into behavioral interventions that will complement, rather than undermine, climate-change policies.","PeriodicalId":36971,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Science and Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"101 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45635953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Improving the Effectiveness of Time-of-Use Pricing to Make Household Electricity Consumption More Sustainable 提高使用时间定价的有效性使家庭用电更加可持续

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152100700202

Kelly Peters, David R. Thomson, Nathaniel Barr

{"title":"Improving the Effectiveness of Time-of-Use Pricing to Make Household Electricity Consumption More Sustainable","authors":"Kelly Peters, David R. Thomson, Nathaniel Barr","doi":"10.1177/237946152100700202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/237946152100700202","url":null,"abstract":"To increase efficiencies and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, policymakers and electric utility providers are increasingly adopting time-of-use (TOU) pricing policies, which charge the most for electricity consumption during on-peak hours, the times when the demand for electricity is greatest. TOU policies aim to disincentivize on-peak electricity use in favor of use during usually low-demand, off-peak periods to reduce the suppliers’ need to augment electricity generated by low- or nonemitting sources (such as hydro-electric and nuclear power) with electricity generated by high-emitting sources (such as coal- or gas-fired power plants). Researchers and policymakers are attempting to apply behavioral science tactics to enhance the effectiveness of TOU pricing by making behavioral science-based changes to electricity bills or delivering personalized information about electricity use and pricing, or doing both. In this article, we describe several studies we conducted in Ontario, Canada, in which we examined customer responses to various bill designs and communications. Simplifying bills and emphasizing the high cost of on-peak use (that is, making on-peak pricing more salient) were effective at shifting behavior, as was the delivery of nudge reports, which compared a household's electricity use with its past consumption, offered conservation tips, and asked customers to make a pledge to reduce consumption. These studies demonstrate that incorporating behavioral tactics into existing consumer-facing communications can be an effective, low-cost, and scalable way to induce customers to increase off-peak electricity use and thus limit greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":36971,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Science and Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48350212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Harnessing Behavioral Science to Design Disposable Shopping Bag Regulations 运用行为科学设计一次性购物袋法规

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152100700205

Tatiana A. Homonoff, Rebecca L. C. Taylor, L. Kao, Doug Palmer

引用次数: 0

Institutional Policies for a Healthy Anthropocene Society 健康人类世社会的制度政策

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/bsp.2021.0017

A. Hoffman, P. Jennings, Nicholas A. Poggioli

引用次数: 0

Making it Easier to Take Environmental Actions is not Enough: Policymakers Must Also Emphasize Why action is Necessary 仅仅让环境行动更容易是不够的：政策制定者还必须强调为什么行动是必要的

Behavioral Science and Policy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/237946152100700208

B. Newell, Jeremy Moss

引用次数: 1