Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B最新文献

{"title":"Proceedings of the ANSO-PAS-QAU Workshop 2023 on “Ensuring Biosafety: Empowering Trainers in Risk Management and Biosecurity”","authors":"None Huma Gul, None Naveera Khan, None Muntasa Usman, None Sidra Rahman, None Irum Iqrar, None Zabta Khan Shinwari, None Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)proceedings","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)proceedings","url":null,"abstract":"Three days workshop entitled “Ensuring Biosafety: Empowering Trainers in Risk Management and Biosecurity,” (August 12-14, 2023) was organized at Bara Gali Campus, University of Peshawar. The workshop consisted of practical lessons on biosafety in the lab and during fieldwork, risk assessment techniques, biosecurity practices, experiment design, and execution. In addition, risk management, policy-making, and the rising concerns of antibiotic resistance were also discussed by keynote speakers and trainers. The course included theoretical lectures and hands-on exercises, allowing attendees to put their newfound knowledge to use in realistic situations. A field excursion also highlighted several plant types and aspects related to handling possibly toxic plants. In summary, the event stresses the importance of having a thorough familiarity with biosafety and risk management while practicing laboratory procedures.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135638427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-Promoted Prussian Blue Analogues Fabricated Electrodes for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation","authors":"None Sana Ibadat, None Hafiza Tauseef Ashfaq, None Ruqia, None Muhammad Adeel Asghar, None Ali Haider, None Saqib Ali","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)834","url":null,"abstract":"Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have unique structural and chemical behaviour and therefore have applications in various fields of catalysis as energy conversion materials for storage devices and molecular sensing. Herein we focused on the in-situ synthesis of three PBAs comprising cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF), nicke<l hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF), and cobalt-nickel hexacyanoferrate (CoNiHCF) through cation i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted drop cast method. The electrocatalysts were characterized through a multitude of spectroscopic techniques and were tested for water oxidation study. It was found that among the three electrocatalysts, CoNiHCF showed comparatively better catalytic performance with an overpotential value of 570 mV (at 1 mA cm-2).","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant Role of Medicinal Botanicals Hostile to Cancer","authors":"Iram Asim, Muhammad Ikrama Tanveer, Humaira Yasmeen","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)847","url":null,"abstract":"In medical systems, medicinal plants have always held an important place. Plant phytochemicals with known biological activity, such as antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties, are crucial in treatment. It has demonstrated little to no negative effects in recent years and is regarded as safe to use. The use of medicinal plants is essential for preventing illnesses, especially cancer, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It was discovered that scientists had been effective in finding anti-cancer compounds up to this point such as eugenol, allicin, catechins, curcumin ursolic acid, anethol, lycopene, resveratrol, 6-gingerol from ginger, tomato, garlic, turmeric, blueberries, milk thistle, cranberries, walnuts which can assist in blocking or activating cancer cell activation signalling pathways cycloxigenase, matrix metalloproteinases MMP, COX-2, topoisomerase enzyme, Bax, Bak proteins and accelerating enzymes (antioxidant potential) that protect the body. Cancer is now treated with a few plant-based products and their phytoconstituents. Even though the management and control of cancer progression have advanced significantly, there are still many gaps and untapped prospects. As a result, this review article emphasizes the value of medicinal plants in maintaining human health as well as lists the phytochemicals from medicinal plants that can be used to cure cancer.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48573560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filamentous Fungi for Bioremediation of Oily Effluents of a Local Ghee Industry in Pakistan: An Environmental Perception","authors":"Hajra Khalil, Samina Sarwar, Sobia Ilyas, Muhammad Hanif, Amina Abrar, Mobina Ulfat","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)795","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoremediation is emerging as a potential approach for eco-friendly, cost-effective, and the most natural attenuation due to the biodegradation of polluted effluents from oil effluents which affect human health and the ecosystem. This work dealt with the analyses of the biodegradation capability of some potential indigenous fungal isolates viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer, against oil effluents collected from a local ghee industry in Pakistan. Percentage reduction potential in different parameters i.e., pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), confirmed that these fungi had the potential to degrade oily effluents. Aspergillus niger showed the highest reduction potential, while A. flavus and R. stolonifer had the least reduction potential to treat oil pollution. This indicates the potential of these identified fungi as biosorbents for removing high oil contents from industrial and wastewater discharge.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44888924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoinformatics and Extrapolation-based Applications for Estimation of Shortwave Radiation Potential as a Sustainable Energy Source: Emphasis on Smart Cities","authors":"T. Sardar, A. Raziq, Abdur Rashid","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)859","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities are objectively developed for a sustainable and better life quality for their inhabitants. The present study is focused on the determination of downward shortwave radiation potential-based sites to develop smart cities based on the suitability and useable aspect of these radiations as a sustainable energy source. The downward shortwave radiation is estimated through MTCLIM-XL extrapolation with further spatial-based potential through spatial analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS) as a Geoinformatics application an applicable tool of Geoinformatics majorly helps in integration and processing of related geo-data and related critical factors for final visualization towards smart and applicable decision making. Hence, these properties make Geoinformatics a viable approach in the applications of sustainable energy estimation for the development of smart and sustainable cities. Prospectively, Geoinformatics with the integration of related critical parameters can be a reliable approach for application in the determination of suitable locations for harvesting the radiation potential as a sustainable energy source.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46327730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Wonder Plant Aloe vera L. (Liliaceae): An Overview of its Folk Traditional Uses, Phytoconstituents, Biological Activities, and Cosmaceutical Applications","authors":"Maira Batool, Malaika Khan, Maria Mubarak, Adil Hussain, Muafia Shafiq, Shamma Firdous, Asma Saeed","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)857","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera L. (Lililaceae) bears various medicinal applications that likely date back more than a thousand years ago. The current review provides an overview of the folk traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and cosmaceutical applications of the A. vera plant to date. The data have been retrieved from different scientific databases, including PubMed-Medline, Researchgate, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, SciELO, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, books, conference papers, Masters and Ph.D. dissertations. As per the collected data of this review, almost 40 active phytoconstituents in A. vera have been reported so far with varying concentrations. Ethnobotanical data displayed that A. vera is still used as traditional medicine among communities against more than 20 different health-related problems. The DPPH, FRAP, TAC, and ABTS assays were commonly employed where A. vera extracts showed varying antioxidant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data on the biological activities showed A. vera plant extracts with remarkable anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 factors and also exerts anti-diabetic activity against type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As per the collected data of this review, A. vera extracts have been reported with anti-microbial activities against more than 12 bacterial and 7 fungal strains and also obstruct the uncontrollable proliferation of specific types of cancer cells like HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, A549, and MCF-7. Conclusively, A. vera possesses wide-ranging applications in the treatment of various diseases. However, more controlled investigations and clinical trials with the elucidation of the mechanism of action activities are prerequisites in the future to substantiate the outcomes and efficacies of A. vera under different circumstances. Any toxic effects of A. vera if associated with specific extracts or compounds should be addressed for safer consumption of Aloe-based food and cosmetic products.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49389623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durum-21: A New High-Yielding and Good Quality Durum Wheat Variety Suitable for Pasta Production","authors":"Javed Ahmad, Aziz ur Rehman, Iqra Ghafoor, Nadeem Ahmad, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Hammad Tanveer, Majid Nadeem, Sadia Ajmal, Ahsan Javed, Mehvish Makhdoom, Muhammad Makky Javaid","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)765","url":null,"abstract":"Durum-21 (D-21) is a high-yielding, disease resistant with better-quality traits variety, developed by Wheat Research Institute Faisalabad. This variety is mainly developed for industrial purposes for pasta production. Worldwide, durum wheat is utilized for pasta production; but in Pakistan, due to a lack of research work and non-availability of quality seeds of durum wheat, bread wheat is being utilized for pasta production. D-21 is developed with the breeding code of D-21 having parentage of FKN/3/2*FR//KAD/GB/4/BB/CHA/5/AS-2002 with pedigree as PB20733-1a-2a-2a-0a-0a-19a-0a. The candidate line D-21 was developed by crossing a germplasm accession with approved bread wheat variety AS-02. The genotype was further evaluated over multiple locations in Punjab Pakistan for yield and yield-related attributes in the station, provincial, and national uniform durum yield trials executed by Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Faisalabad during 2015-20. The promising line out yielded the two commercial check varieties D-97 and Fsd-2008 by 1.42 % in the provincial yield trial and 4.2 % in the national yield trial. D-21 had desirably medium to tall plant height (96-100 cm) without anthocyanin pigment. It has erected to semi-erect growth habit at the seedling stage. Its color is green with medium waxiness on stem and yellowish-white at maturity. Its 1000-grain weight ranged from 38.9 to 39 g while the test weight remained from 69 to 78.5 g. The protein contents were 13.1 to 14.95 %; which is higher than the two checks (D-97 and Fsd-2008). Due to its better grain yield and promising nutritional and quality parameters, it was approved in the year 2021 for cultivation all over the country. ","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42527466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste Management in Skardu: Current Status, and Corrective Measures","authors":"Imran Hussain, Kacho Muhammad Imran Khan, Salar Ali, Muhammad Ayub, Atia Fehmi, Zakir Hussain","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)844","url":null,"abstract":"Solid waste management (SWM) is a marginalized sector in Gilgit Baltistan, causing a frightening situation, especially in the municipal area of district Skardu. The total municipal area of Skardu is about 4260 sq. km with a population of approximately 112996. In line with other government departments, the Gilgit Baltistan waste management company (GBWMC) is responsible for collecting and dumping solid waste. The current study was devised to calculate, characterize, and analyze the past status, and current position of municipal solid waste (MSW) production, so that necessary management practices and corrective measures can be carried out more efficiently in the study area. A series of interviews of concerned persons as well as extensive field surveys were conducted. The method used by GBWMC to collect waste was: door-to-door collection, placement of waste bins, and collection from the arterial roads. Waste was collected manually in polythene bags, handcarts, and baskets. The findings revealed that approximately 45-50 tonnes of waste was generated per day in the winter and in the summer it increases to 50-55 tonnes. The average waste generation was 0.43 kg per capita per day and is increasing at a rate of 2.28% annually. The main sources of waste were commercial and household waste contributing approximately 60 % and 40% of the total waste production respectively.  There was no scientific disposal system for the collected waste which is dumped on the dumping sites by utilizing available resources considering Environmental protection agency (EPA) regulations along the Indus River bank. Thus specific steps should be taken to develop a proper scientific disposal system of collected wastes by incorporating the experts' expertise and modern technologies.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economics of Inter-Cropping: A Case Study of Onion and Tomato at District Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Nisar Khan, Gulnaz Hameed, Arshad Mahmood Malik, Saima Asad","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)833","url":null,"abstract":"The current research is being conducted in Muzaffargarh district of Punjab, Pakistan to investigate the profitability and land equivalent ratio of intercropping onion and tomato. An economic analysis of intercropping in the Muzaffargarh district can inform farmers about the profitability and sustainability of this practice, aiding their decision-making between intercropping and monocropping. The study utilized a simple random sampling technique to select 45 vegetable growers out of 60, from two major vegetable-growing villages; Hajiwah and Beli Janubi. Descriptive analysis, including frequency distribution, mean, and percentages, was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that intercropping had a significantly higher yield (17897 kg/acre) than sole cropping of onions (6075 kg/acre) and tomatoes (16050 kg/acre). Intercropping also had a higher benefit-cost ratio of 1.59, compared to onion sole cropping (1.37) and tomato sole cropping (1.48). The land equivalent ratio was 1.31, which indicated that intercropping was more efficient in terms of land use than sole cropping. The study also revealed that intercropping onions and tomatoes provided additional income to farmers and helped maximize land use. However, farmers encountered challenges such as high seed costs, diseases, low output prices, and high transportation costs. In conclusion, the study suggested that intercropping onion and tomato is a viable agronomic strategy in the Muzaffargarh district, as it improves land-use efficiency and maximizes returns. The study showed that intercropping complemented each other and contributed to increasing yield per unit area and improving nutritional properties.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amending Soil with Rhizobium carrying Biochar Ameliorates Drought Stress on Phaseolus vulgaris","authors":"Aniqa Batool, A. Rashid, I. Aziz","doi":"10.53560/ppasb(60-3)882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(60-3)882","url":null,"abstract":"As a consequence of climate change/global warming earth’s agriculture output is under rigorous stress. There is a growing need to develop strategies to cope with these abiotic stresses. Biochar exhibiting many beneficial qualities appeared to alleviate these problems by improving soil fertility by adding carbon and preventing nutrient losses etc. Biochar can also enhance BNF and could be used as a carrier for rhizobium by providing a suitable microenvironment. The current study is aimed to find the ameliorative potential of different biochar types to be used as rhizobium carriers for Phaseolus vulgaris L. exposed to drought stress. Both types of biochar were analyzed for physico-chemical and morphological parameters. Presence of Silicon content remains the key finding for rice husk biochar which was absent in Lantana biochar. Increased C, K, and Ca weight percentages were found in Lantana biochar as compared to their proportions for rice husk biochar. On the contrary, the oxygen content was higher in rice husk biochar as compared to that in Lantana. Phaseolus seeds were used for the pot experiment where stress treatment was applied by FTSW (Fractionable Transpirable Soil Water) technique. One isolated strain along with two types of biochar carrier was applied to the plants in combination with water stress treatment. Plants were analyzed for growth and physiological parameters including plant height, leaf area, biomass, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency, where rice husk biochar responded better than the one obtained from Lantana. Plants responded positively for all the growth as well as physiological parameters when treated in combination with the inoculum for both stress levels i.e., 100% and 60% field capacity F.C. The present study advocates rice husk biochar for its ability to enhance tolerance in Phaseolus against drought stress through its role as an inoculum carrier contributing suitable habitat for the microorganism.","PeriodicalId":36960,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44258993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}