Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine最新文献

Clinical audit, quality improvement, and safety in palliative medicine 姑息治疗的临床审计、质量改进与安全

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0127

Irene J. Higginson, Mevhibe B. Hocaoglu

引用次数: 0

Social work in palliative care 缓和医疗中的社会工作

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0044

T. Altilio, Bridget Sumser, Nina Laing

引用次数: 0

Orthopaedic surgery in the palliation of cancer 缓解癌症的骨科手术

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0080

Mohamed A Yakoub, J. Healey

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Involving children and families when someone important is dying or has died 当重要的人即将去世或已经去世时，涉及到孩子和家庭

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0097

E. Haraldsdottir, S. Paul

{"title":"Involving children and families when someone important is dying or has died","authors":"E. Haraldsdottir, S. Paul","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0097","url":null,"abstract":"The untimely death of a close family member is one of the most challenging events for families including children. This chapter discusses how a basic knowledge of child development and the ways that children understand illness and death can provide a template from which to inform families about how to help their children during this time and into bereavement. It addresses such topics as how children understand death at different ages, timing of discussions with children, decisions about the setting for end of life care and death in a family context, visiting the ill person, legacy leaving, and children’s participation in funerals and memorial services. By supporting families to anticipate common situations and questions, health and social care professionals can work with surviving adults to use their own (and the child’s) resources to provide thoughtful and meaningful care for children during this difficult time. This support encourages adults to include and involve children, using honest, child-centred communication during the illness period, at the end of life phase, at the time of death, and after death. Such communication is crucial for ongoing bereavement and family functioning.","PeriodicalId":369448,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125009597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advance care planning 预先护理计划

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0031

J. Rietjens, I. Korfage, J. Seymour

{"title":"Advance care planning","authors":"J. Rietjens, I. Korfage, J. Seymour","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Advance care planning (ACP) enables individuals to define goals and preferences for future medical treatment and care, to discuss these goals and preferences with family and healthcare providers, and to record and review these preferences if appropriate. ACP interventions have potentially beneficial outcomes for patients and healthcare systems, including increased completion of advance care directives, alignment of care to expressed preferences, better quality of communication and improved quality of life, reduction of unwanted hospital admissions, and increased use of palliative care. Aspects of ACP have been adopted in national and international healthcare policy. However, due to barriers to ACP, the occurrence in practice remains low. For instance, some people find ACP challenging: they may neither wish to ‘foresee’ the future nor to discuss the implications of their illness. Some may find it difficult to express their wishes or find the emphasis on autonomy to be countercultural. This chapter examines evidence about the effectiveness of ACP, describes the current practices, analyses its barriers and facilitators, and formulates best practices. It also explores the challenges of raising awareness of ACP among the general public, which is a necessary precursor to ACP. It draws on an international Delphi consensus study that was charged with developing a definition of ACP and recommendations for its application.","PeriodicalId":369448,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116022663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autonomy and shared decision-making in a multicultural world 多元文化世界中的自治和共同决策

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0107

N. Cherny

引用次数: 0

Research in palliative care 缓和医疗的研究

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0191

M. Hjermstad, S. Kaasa

{"title":"Research in palliative care","authors":"M. Hjermstad, S. Kaasa","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0191","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality research in palliative care is a prerequisite for improving the evidence base, and closing the gap between knowledge and practice to improve patient care. Palliative care research is demanding, as it implies a huge diversity of healthcare services at different levels of care, delivered by multiple professions to vastly different populations. The need for evidence-based, efficient, and cost-effective services is evident, given the rapidly ageing population who live longer with serious and complex illnesses. This calls for collaborative research efforts focusing on both patient-centred and disease-centred outcomes during the disease trajectories and care pathways. This chapter discusses a range of topics focusing on why and how to conduct research in palliative care, and provides information on how to start, proceed, and complete sound research projects, as effectively and targeted as possible. Topics include, among others, challenges in palliative care research, research governance and ethical considerations, controlled clinical trials, and trial planning (including designs, methodology, collaboration, randomization, protocol development, statistical considerations, study conduct, including defining and including patients, randomization, and publication).","PeriodicalId":369448,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121963061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of the actively dying patient 积极垂死病人的管理

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0104

J. Lacey, N. Cherny

引用次数: 6

Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment (including artificial nutrition and hydration) 停止和停止维持生命的治疗(包括人工营养和水合作用)

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0111

Danielle Ko, Hannah M E Evans-Barns, C. Blinderman

引用次数: 6

Medical and ethical considerations in palliative sedation at the end of life 临终时姑息性镇静的医学和伦理考虑

Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0112

E. Krakauer

{"title":"Medical and ethical considerations in palliative sedation at the end of life","authors":"E. Krakauer","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Among patients with an advanced terminal illness whose primary goal is comfort, severe suffering occurs occasionally that is refractory even to intensive palliative care with standard medicines and techniques. Controlled deep sedation, sometimes to unconsciousness, may be the only effective means of protecting patients from end of life suffering in these unusual situations. Thus, it is ethically imperative that deep palliative sedation be accessible for these rare situations. Ethical provision of deep palliative sedation requires that the main goal of care agreed upon with the patient or the patient’s surrogate be comfort, that there be agreement to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments, that informed consent be obtained from the patient or surrogate, that all staff members actively involved in caring for the patient be informed in advance of the plan, that the clinical intention be demonstrated by using the minimum doses of medicine needed to achieve an adequate degree of comfort, and that dose titration be based on close observation of the patient. Deep palliative sedation may be used to assure comfort during terminal discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Deep palliative sedation is ethically fundamentally different from euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide and should not be confused with these practices.","PeriodicalId":369448,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134322789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0