Nanotheranostics最新文献

{"title":"A lipo-polymeric hybrid nanosystem with metal enhanced fluorescence for targeted imaging of metastatic breast cancer.","authors":"Tejaswini Appidi, Rajalakshmi P Sivasankaran, Shubham A Chinchulkar, Paloma Patra, Kavipriya Murugaiyan, Bantal Veeresh, Aravind Kumar Rengan","doi":"10.7150/ntno.92410","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.92410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer metastasis plays a major role in failure of therapeutic avenues against cancer. Owing to metastasis, nearly 70-80% of stage IV breast cancer patients lose their lives. Nanodrug delivery systems are playing a critical role in the therapy of metastatic cancer in the recent times. This paper reports the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) based targeting of metastatic breast cancer using a novel nano lipo-polymeric system (PIR-Au NPs). The PIR-Au NPs demonstrated an increase in fluorescence by virtue of surface coating with gold, owing to the metal enhanced fluorescence phenomenon as reported in our earlier reports. Enhanced fluorescence of PIR-Au NPs was observed in murine mammary carcinoma cell line (4T1), as compared to free IR780 or IR780 loaded nanosystems (P-IR NPs), when incubated for same time at same concentrations, indicating its potential application for imaging and an enhanced bioavailability of IR780. Significant cell death was noted with photothermal mediated cytotoxicity <i>in-vitro</i> against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and 4T1). An enhanced fluorescence was observed in the zebra fish embryos incubated with PIR-Au NPs. The enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect was seen with PIR-Au NPs <i>in-vivo</i>. A strong fluorescent signal was recorded in mice injected with PIR-Au NPs. The tumor tissue collected after 72 h, clearly showed a greater fluorescence as compared to other groups, indicating the plasmon enhanced fluorescence. We also demonstrated the EPR-based targeting of the PIR-Au NPs <i>in-vivo</i> by means of photothermal heat<i>.</i> This lipo-polymeric hybrid nanosystem could therefore be successfully applied for image-guided, passive-targeting to achieve maximum therapeutic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 2","pages":"239-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Trends in Bio-nanomaterials and Non-invasive Combinatorial Approaches of Photothermal Therapy against Cancer.","authors":"Nitisha Beniwal, Anamika Verma, Chandra Lekha Putta, Aravind Kumar Rengan","doi":"10.7150/ntno.91356","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.91356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, approximately 10 million deaths worldwide were attributed to cancer, making it the primary cause of death globally. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is one of the novel ways to treat and abolish cancer. PTT significantly impacts cancer theranostics compared to other therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy due to its remarkable binding capability to tumor sites and lower invasiveness into normal healthy tissues. PTT relies on photothermal agents (PTAs), which generate heat by absorbing the near-infrared (NIR) light and destroying cancer cells. Several PTT agents remain longer in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and induce toxicity, restricting their use in the biomedical field. To overcome this problem, the usage of biodegradable nano-photothermal agents is required. This review has discussed the PTT mechanism of action and different types of novel bio-nanomaterials used for PTT. We also focussed on the combinatorial effects of PTT with other cancer therapies and their effect on human health. The role of LED lights and mild hypothermia in PTT has been discussed briefly in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 2","pages":"219-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrable Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Systems for 3D Magnetic Particle Imaging.","authors":"André Behrends, Huimin Wei, Alexander Neumann, Thomas Friedrich, Anna C Bakenecker, Jochen Franke, Kulthisa Sajjamark, Oliver Buchholz, Sébastien Bär, Ulrich G Hofmann, Matthias Graeser, Thorsten M Buzug","doi":"10.7150/ntno.90360","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.90360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Combining magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) offers the ability to perform localized hyperthermia and magnetic particle imaging-assisted thermometry of hyperthermia treatment. This allows precise regional selective heating inside the body without invasive interventions. In current MPI-MFH platforms, separate systems are used, which require object transfer from one system to another. Here, we present the design, development and evaluation process for integrable MFH platforms, which extends a commercial MPI scanner with the functionality of MFH. <b>Methods:</b> The biggest issue of integrating magnetic fluid hyperthermia platforms into a magnetic particle imaging system is the magnetic coupling of the devices, which induces high voltage in the imaging system, and is harming its components. In this paper, we use a self-compensation approach derived from heuristic algorithms to protect the magnetic particle imaging scanner. The integrable platforms are evaluated regarding electrical and magnetic characteristics, cooling capability, field strength, the magnetic coupling to a replica of the magnetic particle imaging system's main solenoid and particle heating. <b>Results:</b> The MFH platforms generate suitable magnetic fields for the magnetic heating of particles and are compatible with a commercial magnetic particle imaging scanner. In combination with the imaging system, selective heating with a gradient field and steerable heating positioning using the MPI focus fields are possible. <b>Conclusion:</b> The proposed MFH platforms serve as a therapeutic tool to unlock the MFH functionality of a commercial magnetic particle imaging scanner, enabling its use in future preclinical trials of MPI-guided, spatially selective magnetic hyperthermia therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 2","pages":"163-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface engineered nanohybrids in plasmonic photothermal therapy for cancer: Regulatory and translational challenges.","authors":"Monalisha Debnath, Sujit Kumar Debnath, Mangal Vishnu Talpade, Shweta Bhatt, Prem Prakash Gupta, Rohit Srivastava","doi":"10.7150/ntno.92639","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.92639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmonic materials as non-invasive and selective treatment strategies are gaining increasing attention in the healthcare sector due to their remarkable optical and electronic properties, where the interface between matter and light becomes enhanced and highly localized. Some attractive applications of plasmonic materials in healthcare include drug delivery to target specific tissues or cells, hence reducing the side effects of the drug and improving their efficacy; enhancing the contrast and resolution in bioimaging; and selectively heating and destroying the cancerous cells while parting the healthy cells. Despite such advancements in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment, some limitations are still challenging. These include poor photothermal conversion efficiency, heat resistance, less accumulation in the tumor microenvironment, poor biosafety of photothermal agents, damage to the surrounding healthy tissues, post-treatment inflammatory responses, etc. Even though the clinical application of photothermal therapy is primarily restricted due to poor tissue penetration of excitation light, enzyme therapy is hindered due to less therapeutic efficacy. Several multimodal strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy were developed to circumvent these side effects associated with plasmonic photothermal agents for effective mild-temperature photothermal therapy. It can be prophesied that the nanohybrid platform could pave the way for developing cutting-edge multifunctional precise nanomedicine via an ecologically sustainable approach towards cancer therapy. In the present review, we have highlighted the significant challenges of photothermal therapy from the laboratory to the clinical setting and their struggle to get approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 2","pages":"202-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan nanoplatform for the co-delivery of palbociclib and ultra-small magnesium nanoclusters: dual receptor targeting, therapy and imaging.","authors":"Abhishesh Kumar Mehata, Virendra Singh, Vikas, Prachi Srivastava, Biplob Koch, Manoj Kumar, Madaswamy S Muthu","doi":"10.7150/ntno.94364","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.94364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theranostic nanoparticles have gained significant attention in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, estrone (ES) and folic acid (FA) functionalized single and dual receptor targeted theranostic chitosan nanoparticles were developed for breast cancer imaging and therapy. These nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded with palbociclib (PB) and ultra-small magnesium nanoclusters (UMN). The developed nontargeted theranostic NPs (PB-UMN-CS-NPs), estrogen receptor targeted theranostic NPs (PB-UMN-CS-ES-NPs), folate receptor targeted theranostic NPs (PB-UMN-CS-FA-NPs), and dual targeted theranostic NPs (PB-UMN-CS-ES-FA-NPs) have particle sizes of 178.4 ± 1.21 nm, 181.6± 1.35 nm, 185.1± 1.33 nm, and 198.2± 1.43 nm with surface charges of +19.02± 0.382 mV, +13.89±0.410 mV, +16.72±0.527 mV and +15.23±0.377 mV, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies on estrogen receptor (ER) and folate receptor (FR) expressing breast cancer cells revealed that dual-targeted theranostic NPs (PB-UMN-CS-FA-ES-NPs) were more effective, inhibiting cell growth by 54.17 and 42.23 times in MCF-7 and T-47D cells compared to free PB, respectively. Additionally, developed NPs were capable of inhibiting the cell cycle progression of MCF-7 cells from the G1 phase to the S phase more efficiently compared to free PB. Ultrasound and photoacoustic (USG/PA) imaging demonstrated that dual targeted theranostic NPs were capable of effectively reducing hypoxic tumor volume and significantly suppressing tumor vascularity compared to free PB, nontargeted, FR targeted and ER targeted NPs. Moreover, <i>in vivo</i> optical imaging demonstrated tumor specific accumulation of the dual-targeted theranostic NPs. Furthermore, <i>in vitro</i> hemocompatibility and histopathological studies confirmed the biocompatibility of developed nanoformulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 2","pages":"179-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140040576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable Nanocomposite of ZnS(Mn) Quantum Dots Immobilized Graphene Oxide for Bioimaging Applications.","authors":"Pavithra Kurungottu, Midhun Ben Thomas, Mahesh M Lalitha, Prathiksha Ganesh, Divya Prakash Gnanadhas, Dipshika Chakravortty, Ashok M Raichur, Rajendra Kurapati","doi":"10.7150/ntno.87536","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.87536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing a biocompatible and biodegradable graphene-based fluorescent nanoprobe with the ability to visualize live cells could be interesting for intracellular imaging and monitoring the efficiency of chemotherapy. Herein, we report a biodegradable and biocompatible hybrid fluorescent graphene oxide (GO)-ZnS(Mn) composite synthesized via <i>in situ</i> growth of ZnS(Mn) quantum dots (QDs) on the surface of GO in the aqueous medium. The prepared 'GO-ZnS(Mn)' composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) along with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Further, the fluorescence properties of the GO-ZnS(Mn) composite were studied using fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The composite material exhibited a strong and broad visible light fluorescence from 500 to 600 nm by excitation with 365 nm (UV) light. The cytotoxic experiments of folic acid (FA) conjugated GO-ZnS(Mn) using MTT [(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide)] assay revealed that the composite had excellent biocompatibility even at higher concentrations up to 200 µg/mL in HeLa cell lines. Next, the bioimaging experiments carried out using confocal fluorescence laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that GO-ZnS(Mn) composite was taken up by the HeLa cells effectively within 12 h of incubation via receptor (folate) mediated endocytosis with strong fluorescence throughout the cell surface. Finally, the biodegradability of GO-ZnS(Mn) composite was studied by treating it with human myeloperoxidase enzyme (hMPO) isolated from the primary immune cells, neutrophils, which is important to understand the <i>in vivo</i> fate of GO-Zns(Mn). The HR-TEM and Raman analyses confirmed the biodegradation of GO-ZnS(Mn) within 15 h of hMPO treatment. Thus, the biodegradable GO-ZnS (Mn) composite could be helpful for chemotherapy and bioimaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 2","pages":"150-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10845254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostic Phthalocyanine and Naphthalocyanine Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Tumors.","authors":"Yiran Tian, Nicole Carrillo-Malani, Kailin Feng, Joann Miller, Theresa M Busch, Karthik M Sundaram, Zhiliang Cheng, Ahmad Amirshaghaghi, Andrew Tsourkas","doi":"10.7150/ntno.88892","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.88892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Phthalocyanine (PC) and naphthalocyanine (NC) dyes have long garnered interest as theranostic agents for optical imaging and phototherapy due to their near-infrared absorbance, photostability, imaging contrast, and proven safety in clinical trials. Yet, only a small fraction of these dyes has been evaluated as photothermal therapy (PTT) agents for cancer treatment. <b>Methods:</b> Nearly 40 distinct NC and PC dyes were encapsulated within polymeric PEG-PCL micelles via oil-in-water emulsions. The optimal NC/PC-loaded micelle formulations for PTT and photoacoustic (PA) imaging were identified through <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies. <b>Results:</b> The most promising candidate, CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles, demonstrated a strong PA signal with a peak absorbance at ~870 nm, high photothermal efficiency, and photostability. The CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles exhibited heat generation as good or better than gold nanorods/nanoshells and >10-fold higher photoacoustic signals. Micelle preparation was reproducible/scalable, and the CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles are highly stable under physiological conditions. The CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles localize within tumors via enhanced permeability and retention and are readily detectable by PA imaging. In a syngeneic murine tumor model of triple-negative breast cancer, CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles demonstrate efficient heat generation with PTT, leading to the complete eradication of tumors. <b>Conclusions:</b> CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles represent a promising theranostic agent for PA imaging and PTT. The ability to utilize conventional ultrasound in combination with PA imaging enables the simultaneous acquisition of information about tumor morphology and micelle accumulation. PTT with CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles can lead to the complete eradication of highly invasive tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 1","pages":"100-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases is a problem, but lipid nanocarriers could provide the answer.","authors":"Md Rajdoula Rafe","doi":"10.7150/ntno.88849","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.88849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative disorders encompass diseases that involve the degeneration of neurons, particularly those within the central nervous system. These are the most commonly observed disorders among the geriatric population. The treatment or management of this condition presents additional challenges due to therapeutics that may not be as effective as desired. The primary obstacle that often hinders the efficacy of therapy is the existence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB serves as a vital safeguard for the brain, effectively obstructing the passage of drugs into the brain cells. Hence, the management of damaging neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), Huntington's disease (HD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently the primary area of research interest. The innovative utilization of nanoparticles as drug carriers provides renewed optimism in addressing many complicated medical conditions. In this article, I have aimed to gather published information regarding various lipid nanoparticles that can efficiently transport medication to the brain to address neurodegenerative disorders. According to the published literature, liposomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured nanoparticles, microemulsions, and nanoemulsions are potential nanocarriers that can treat neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 1","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radioactive gold nanoparticles coated with BSA: A promising approach for prostate cancer treatment.","authors":"Angélica Bueno Barbezan, Wilmmer Alexander Arcos Rosero, Daniel Perez Vieira, Maria Eduarda Zaganin Rigo, Giovana Dias da Silva, Alex Alves Rodrigues, Luís Fernando de Almeida, Fábio Fernando Alves da Silva, Andy González Rivera, Natanael Gomes da Silva, Emerson S Bernardes, Carlos Alberto Zeituni, Maria Elisa C M Rostelato","doi":"10.7150/ntno.91507","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.91507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Nanotechnology has revolutionized medicine, especially in oncological treatments. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stand out as an innovative alternative due to their biocompatibility, potential for surface modification, and effectiveness in radiotherapeutic techniques. Given that prostate cancer ranks as one of the leading malignancies among men, there's a pressing need to investigate new therapeutic approaches. <b>Methods:</b> AuNPs coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were synthesized and their cytotoxicity was assessed against prostate tumor cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3), healthy prostate cells (RWPE-1), and endothelial control cells (HUVEC) using the MTS/PMS assay. For <i>in vivo</i> studies, BALB/C Nude mice were employed to gauge the therapeutic efficacy, biodistribution, and hematological implications post-treatment with BSA-coated AuNPs. <b>Results:</b> The BSA-coated AuNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential against PC-3 and LNCaP lines, while interactions with RWPE-1 and HUVEC remain subjects for further scrutiny. Within animal models, a diverse therapeutic response was observed, with certain instances indicating complete tumor regression. Biodistribution data emphasized the nanoparticles' affinity towards particular organs, and the majority of hematological indicators aligned with normative standards. <b>Conclusions:</b> BSA-coated AuNPs manifest substantial promise as therapeutic tools in treating prostate cancer. The present research not only accentuates the nanoparticles' efficacy but also stresses the imperative of optimization to ascertain both selectivity and safety. Such findings illuminate a promising trajectory for avant-garde therapeutic modalities, holding substantial implications for public health advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 1","pages":"112-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of sweat-derived extracellular vesicles of human and bacterial origin for biomarker identification.","authors":"Artem Zhyvolozhnyi, Anatoliy Samoylenko, Geneviève Bart, Anna Kaisanlahti, Jenni Hekkala, Olha Makieieva, Feby Pratiwi, Ilkka Miinalainen, Mika Kaakinen, Ulrich Bergman, Prateek Singh, Tuomas Nurmi, Elham Khosrowbadi, Eslam Abdelrady, Sakari Kellokumpu, Susanna Kosamo, Justus Reunanen, Juha Röning, Jussi Hiltunen, Seppo J Vainio","doi":"10.7150/ntno.87822","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ntno.87822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sweat contains biomarkers for real-time non-invasive health monitoring, but only a few relevant analytes are currently used in clinical practice. In the present study, we investigated whether sweat-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be used as a source of potential protein biomarkers of human and bacterial origin. <b>Methods:</b> By using ExoView platform, electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting we characterized EVs in the sweat of eight volunteers performing rigorous exercise. We compared the presence of EV markers as well as general protein composition of total sweat, EV-enriched sweat and sweat samples collected in alginate skin patches. <b>Results:</b> We identified 1209 unique human proteins in EV-enriched sweat, of which approximately 20% were present in every individual sample investigated. Sweat derived EVs shared 846 human proteins (70%) with total sweat, while 368 proteins (30%) were captured by medical grade alginate skin patch and such EVs contained the typical exosome marker CD63. The majority of identified proteins are known to be carried by EVs found in other biofluids, mostly urine. Besides human proteins, EV-enriched sweat samples contained 1594 proteins of bacterial origin. Bacterial protein profiles in EV-enriched sweat were characterized by high interindividual variability, that reflected differences in total sweat composition. Alginate-based sweat patch accumulated only 5% proteins of bacterial origin. <b>Conclusion:</b> We showed that sweat-derived EVs provide a rich source of potential biomarkers of human and bacterial origin. Use of commercially available alginate skin patches selectively enrich for human derived material with very little microbial material collected.</p>","PeriodicalId":36934,"journal":{"name":"Nanotheranostics","volume":"8 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10750121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}