New Disease Reports最新文献

{"title":"Wilt and gummosis disease of subabul caused by <i>Fusarium equiseti</i> ‐ a first record from India","authors":"P. Balanagouda, C. T. Ganesh, P. Kotari, R. Rathinavelu","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12227","url":null,"abstract":"Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) is a perennial, fast-growing, non-climbing tree originating from tropical America. The species is economically important for the paper and pulp industry supplying 35–40% wood required for these industries in India (Orwa et al., 2009; Global Invasive Species Database, 2023). In March 2022, more than 30% of three-year-old subabul trees exhibited wilting and oozing symptoms in many farmers’ plantations in Khammam, Telangana, India. The affected plants initially showed yellowing of the leaves and wilting symptoms (Figures 1a-b). Symptoms of gummosis were also observed subsequently (Figures 1c-e). Cross-sections of affected roots in nursery-grown trees revealed brownish discolouration and rotting. Diseased roots and bark sections were surface-sterilised in 75% ethanol for 15 seconds, followed by sodium hypochlorite (1%) for 45 seconds and rinsed three times in distilled water. After drying, samples were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Six isolates (FS1-FS6) were selected from Fusarium-like colonies obtained from the diseased tissue and pure cultures were obtained by single spore isolation. All the isolates produced off-white colonies (Figure 2a) on PDA after five to seven days incubation at 28°C. Pinkish to reddish pigmentation appeared on the bottom side of seven to ten-day-old cultures (Figure 2b). Macroconidia, microconidia and chlamydospores (Figure 3) were produced on carnation leaf agar after five to seven days incubation at 28°C. Microconidia were septate, hyaline, elongated ovoid or reniform, with a mean size of 7.23 × 3.41 µm (n = 25). Macroconidia were hyaline, crescent or curved, slightly tapered at the apex with three-five septa and measured 32.1 × 5.3 µm (mean, n = 25). Chlamydospores were light brownish, globose or round with a mean diameter of 4.3 µm (n = 25) and were produced either singly, in clusters on conidium or intercalary. The rDNA-ITS and RPB2 genes of FS1, FS2 and FS3 were amplified with ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990) and RPB2F/RPB2R primer pairs (O'Donnell et al., 2013) and sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. OR272193-OR272195 and OR582636-OR582638 respectively). The sequences of FS1, FS2 and FS3 isolates were identical and the isolates grouped with other isolates of F. equiseti in phylogenetic trees based on the internal transcribed spacer region and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene (Figure 4). A pathogenicity test was done on healthy six-month-old subabul clones grown in sterile soil in pots (50 cm diameter, 35 cm height). Plants were inoculated separately with 100 mL of a spore suspension of isolates FS1, FS2 or FS3 (106 conidia/mL). Sterile distilled water was used for the controls (n = 3). Assays were repeated three times in a glasshouse kept at 28°C. Twelve days post-inoculation, clones treated with each of the Fusarium isolates exhibited yellowing and wilting symptoms similar to those observed in the field, but control pots remained asymptomatic (Figure 5). Fusarium equiseti","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136198697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Diaporthe pseudophoenicicola causing stem end rot of mango in Indonesia","authors":"G. V. Benatar, E. Hartini, Y. Nurhayati, N. F. Ridwan","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Pantoea ananatis causing leaf blight disease of pomegranate in India","authors":"N. Chathalingath, A. Gunasekar","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> causing leaf spot of chilli pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i>) in India","authors":"P. L. Babu, D. Singh, J. Rajender, N. Geat, R. Patidar","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12225","url":null,"abstract":"India produces 5.7 million tonnes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) from 100,000 hectares of cultivated plants annually (Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2020). During June-October, 2022 and 2023, chilli cv. Pusa Jwala cultivated at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi developed irregular, necrotic lesions surrounded by a chlorotic halo and brown necrosis at the leaf tip followed by defoliation (Figure 1). Disease incidence was 52% over an area of c. 800 m2. Bacterial colonies isolated from ten infected leaf samples, collected randomly across three fields, were circular, 2–3 mm, convex and greyish to white after 48 hours at 28±1°C on nutrient agar. They were positive in 3% KOH and oxidase tests (Schaad et al., 2001). They produced a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco cv. BX61 two days after injection with a suspension containing 109 CFU/ml. One isolate and a positive control strain (Enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens NAIMCC-B-01345 from NAIMCC, India) were positive for ONPG, urease, nitrate reduction, Voges-Proskauer, aesculin hydrolysis, utilisation of ornithine, malonate, citrate, arabinose, xylose, trehalose, and glucose, and negative for phenylalanine deamination, H2S production, methyl red, indole, utilisation of lysine, adonitol, and lactose using a KB003 Hi25-Enterobacteriaceae identification kit (Hi Media, India). The isolate did not utilise the carbohydrates rhamnose, cellobiose, melibiose, saccharose, and raffinose in contrast to the positive control strain. The pathogenicity of the ten isolates was tested by syringe injection of a bacterial suspension (107 CFU/ml) into leaves of 30-day old chilli plants (cv. Pusa Jwala); sterile water was used as a negative control. Dark brown necrotic patches developed after two days in the injected region (Figure 2), followed by leaf decay and defoliation. No symptoms were observed on the negative control. DNA was extracted from bacteria re-isolated from inoculated plants using a modified CTAB protocol (Wang et al.,2010). PCR was done using primer pairs 27F/1492R and Hsp60-F/Hsp60-R which amplify the 16S rRNA and Hsp60 genes, respectively (Poussier et al., 2000; Hoffmann & Roggenkamp, 2003). Amplicons of the expected size were Sanger sequenced by Barcode Biosciences Pvt. Ltd (Bengaluru, India) and aligned manually. Sequences were deposited in Genbank with Accession Nos. OP897636 (16S rRNA) and OP918670 (Hsp60). An isolate (DLC-1) was also deposited in the Indian Type Culture Collection, New Delhi with accession number ITCCBY0001. A phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated sequences of both genes revealed that isolate DLC-1 clustered with two E. cloacae strains, SBP-8 and GGT036 from India and Republic of Korea, respectively (Figure 3). Enterobacter cloacae is a ubiquitous Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic human pathogen, that has been reported to infect plants such as Allium cepa, Capsicum annuum and Manihot esculenta (García-González et al., 2018). Enterobacter cloa","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Tomato fruit blotch fruit virus</i> infecting tomato in Greece","authors":"D. Beris, A. Galeou, O. Kektsidou, C. Varveri","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12219","url":null,"abstract":"In autumn 2022, a tomato sample (Solanum lycopersicum, cv. Ekstasis F1 hybrid) from Aspropyrgos, Attiki, Greece, infected with Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) was analysed with RNA-Seq. Total RNA was isolated from leaves with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and was subjected to RNA-Seq in an Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. The BLASTn annotation of the contigs obtained from the analysis of the 12 M, single-end, 100 bp reads with Geneious (v. 11.1.5), revealed the presence of ToBRFV, Southern tomato virus (genus Amalgavirus), a virus already described in Greece, and Tomato fruit blotch virus (ToFBV). ToFBV has been recently reported in Italy, Australia, Brazil, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia and Tunisia (Kitajima et al., 2023) and is associated with fruit blotch disease, although Koch's postulates have not yet been fulfilled, and the virus is not mechanically or seed transmitted. ToFBV is a member of the genus Blunervirus, and its genome consists of four single stranded, positive sense RNAs. The RNA 1 (5764 bp; GenBank Accession No. OQ473416) and RNA 2 (3618 bp; OQ473417) sequences of the Greek isolate showed the highest identity with those of the Tunisian isolate (99.7 and 99.6% nucleotide identity with MZ401001.1 and MZ401002.1, respectively). The RNA 3 (2829 bp; OQ473418) and RNA 4 (1905 bp; OQ473419) segments showed 99.4 and 99.7% nucleotide identity with the RNA 3 (NC_078394.1) and RNA 4 (NC_078393.1) of the Italian isolate, respectively. Finally, RT-PCR was used for the amplification of a 500 bp region of RNA 1 (Nakasu et al., 2022). The PCR product was Sanger sequenced and the resulting sequence was identical to that obtained from the RNA-Seq analysis. To further associate the virus with the fruit blotch symptoms, 11 tomato fruit samples (cv. Esperia F1 hybrid) from a greenhouse in Ierapetra (Crete, Greece) and a sample from field in Prokopi (Evia, Greece), collected in February and August 2023 respectively, and exhibiting fruit blotches (Figure 1), were tested for the presence of ToFBV. Sap inoculation on indicator plants (Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum cvs. Xanthi-nc and Turkish) did not induce any symptoms, suggesting the presence of a non-mechanically transmitted virus. Total RNA was extracted from all samples and analysed with RT-PCR for the presence of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, Louro et al., 2000), Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV, Vaira et al., 2002) and ToFBV. All samples tested positive for ToFBV and negative for ToCV and TICV. Moreover, in both cases plants were infested by tomato russet mite (Aculops lycopersici) which is the putative vector of the virus. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of ToFBV infecting tomato in Greece. The fact that the virus was identified in three distinct regions of Greece, its association with fruit blotch disease together with the probability of mite transmission suggests that this emerging virus poses a risk for tomato cultivation.","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135762637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of a 16SrII‐A subgroup ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’‐related strain associated with Celosia argentea in Taiwan","authors":"H. M. Mejia, Y.‐C. Chiu, Y.‐K. Chen, Pei-Qing Liao, J.‐Y. Yang","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus causing papaya leaf curl disease in India","authors":"R. Chetia, N. Aggarwal, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Clonostachys rosea causing sugar beet root rot in Morocco","authors":"A. Farhaoui, A. Tahiri, N. Radouane, M. Khadiri, S. Amiri, N. El Alami, R. Lahlali","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of leaf spot disease of Tabernaemontana divaricata caused by Colletotrichum coffeanum in India","authors":"S. Saha, C. Mili, A. Sarma, K. Tayung","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis theae</i> causing leaf spot of robusta coffee in the Philippines","authors":"N. P. D. N. Sumaya, P. II M. Caluban, B. T. Borja","doi":"10.1002/ndr2.12218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12218","url":null,"abstract":"Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is the most produced coffee species in the Philippines, accounting for 70% of the country's total coffee production (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2023). Despite being considered more disease-resistant than C. arabica, a number of diseases have been reported infecting robusta coffee (Cao et al., 2014). In November 2022, necrotic leaf spots (Figure 1) were observed on the leaves of five-year-old robusta coffee trees in New Bantangan, Columbio, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines (6.3427 N; 124.5924 E). The leaf spots initially started as tiny circular or irregular brown spots that gradually enlarged and turned darker. The disease incidence was approximately 85% over an area of 1 hectare with 25% of the leaves on affected plants having disease symptoms. Twenty diseased leaves were collected, one each from 20 plants, and 3 mm discs were cut from the advancing margin of the infection adjoining healthy tissues. The discs were soaked immediately in a 10% solution of NaOCl for one minute, followed by three rinses in sterile distilled water, and blot dried on aseptic, dry tissue paper inside a laminar flow hood. The tissues were then placed equidistantly on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28 ±1°C. The active mycelial tip was transferred and incubated for seven days. The colonies produced white aerial mycelium with black conidial masses as they aged (Figure 2). Microscopic examination showed four-celled spindle-shaped conidia (n = 20), measuring 24.42-31.08 × 6.66 μm, and basal appendages 28.86-33.30 μm long (Figure 3). The fungal isolate was deposited in the fungal repository of the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the University of Southern Mindanao Research and Development Center (P3LSS01). To further ascertain its identity, genomic DNA was extracted from a representative seven-day-old isolate (001) grown in PDA broth, using a Zymo Quick-DNA™ Fungal/Bacterial Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research, USA). The rDNA ITS region of the representative isolate was amplified and sequenced using universal primers ITS4/ITS5 (White et al., 1990). The sequence was deposited in Genbank (Accession No. OR125548). A BLASTn search revealed that the isolate had 99.61% identity to isolate FAFU03 (MH470257.1). On the basis of the morphological and molecular characters, the fungus was identified as Pseudopestalotiopsis theae. A pathogenicity test was performed thrice on detached healthy leaves of robusta coffee. Ten wounded (pin-pricked) and ten unwounded leaves were sprayed with 30 μl spore suspension (107 spores/ml) taken from a seven-day-old pure culture of the pathogen (isolate P3LSS01). Sterile distilled water was sprayed onto leaves as a control. The leaves were incubated at 26 ±1°C and the development of the infection and symptoms were observed regularly over a seven-day period. The first symptoms, small brown spots, were observed on wounded leaves after three days and these enlarged to 5–6 mm in diameter after seven days. Small bro","PeriodicalId":36931,"journal":{"name":"New Disease Reports","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135656077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}