Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online最新文献

{"title":"Rotator Cuff Arthropathy: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2023.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2023.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rotator cuff arthropathy is a spectrum of disease states secondary to full-thickness cuff tears classified by rotator cuff insufficiency and degenerative disease within the shoulder joint. Diagnosis can be made through standard physical exam and radiographic films demonstrating varying levels of weakness, along with acetabularization, femoralization, and superior migration of the humeral head. Severity of disease is classified through both the Hamada and Seebauer grading systems, which are used clinically to determine the appropriate treatment algorithm. Treatment exists along the spectrum from conservative therapy with physical therapy to a definitive treatment with total joint replacement. Depending on a patient’s progression and other comorbidities, arthroscopic treatments may additionally be used in specific circumstances as joint-sparing techniques. In recent years, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has produced increasingly favorable outcomes with improvements in pain and function while simultaneously diminishing complication rates, making it generally accepted as standard of care. This disease limits quality of life for a large population of patients and efforts toward optimization of the treatment regimen is critical. This review provides an overview on the diagnostic criteria, classification, pathoanatomic changes, biomechanics, treatment options, outcomes, and complications of rotator cuff arthropathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 458-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000306/pdfft?md5=b3ef2ba7dff38dfd352154299ad4249c&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship Between Neighborhood Social Deprivation and Time to Specialty Orthopedic Care for Pediatric Trigger Thumb","authors":"Caroline H. Lindsey BS ,&nbsp;Colin H. Beckwitt MD, PhD ,&nbsp;John R. Fowler MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Pediatric trigger thumb is a common condition resulting in referral from primary care to specialty care. Access to pediatric hand specialty care is a complex issue influenced by a multitude of social factors, including socioeconomic status. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between area deprivation and the time from primary care referral to presentation to specialty care for pediatric trigger thumb.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were pediatric patients with trigger thumb. Patient-level area deprivation was reflected by the area deprivation index (ADI). We analyzed the relationship of the ADI to patient demographics (age and sex), trigger thumb treatment (surgical vs nonsurgical), and time to initial hand surgical visit after referral and surgical management when indicated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 163 patients with trigger thumb, 52% were men. Mean age at referral for trigger thumb was 2.9 ± 1.7 years. Mean ADI for patients diagnosed with trigger thumb was 57.8 ± 23.4 for the 2018 data set and 57.3 ± 23.6 for the 2021 data set, on a scale of 1 (low) to 100 (high). The median time from referral from primary care to presentation to orthopedic care for trigger thumb was 34 days. Upon presentation to treating hand surgeon, 118 patients (72.4%) underwent surgical release. We found no difference in ADI between men and women nor between patients treated operatively or with nonsurgical management. We found a weak positive correlation between ADI and time from initial referral to presentation to the treating hand surgeon. There was no correlation between ADI and time from initial hand surgical evaluation and surgical management in patients indicated for surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pediatric trigger thumb patients from areas with higher ADI have a slightly longer delay between initial referral and their initial visit with an orthopedic hand specialist. Although we found a delay in initial evaluation by the treating hand surgeon in patients with higher ADI, ADI status was not different between patients managed with surgical and nonsurgical treatment nor between men and women.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><p>Neighborhood ADI weakly correlated with increased time from referral to accessing specialty orthopedic care for trigger thumb. This may suggest a need for more equitable access to specialty care for patients with pediatric trigger thumb from high ADI areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 563-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000860/pdfft?md5=68ccbcbdd54503c1c91d00a98a0f54e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000860-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramedullary Nail Fixation for Metacarpal Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Clinical and Biomechanical Evidence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present two cases of complex metacarpal fractures treated with an intramedullary locking nail. This is an emerging fixation method that minimizes tissue insult, provides sufficient stability, and allows early mobilization. Locking nails accommodate the capture of fractured fragments in complex unstable patterns and provide longitudinal and rotational stability. The described intrafocal technique is intended to improve coaxial placement of the wire into the medullary canal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 466-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000471/pdfft?md5=10f09b26cb0e6f5fef4083ecee38ab2b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Versus Open Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Postoperative Complications in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often face higher postoperative complication rates. Limited data exist regarding outcomes in T2DM patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR). This study compares complication rates between endoscopic CTR (ECTR) and open CTR (OCTR) in patients with T2DM.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The TriNetX database was used to perform a retrospective cohort study of 67,225 patients with T2DM who underwent ECTR (n = 17,792) or OCTR (n = 49,433). Demographic data, medical comorbidities, and complication rates were analyzed. A 1:1 propensity score match was performed to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of postoperative median nerve injury, 6-week wound dehiscence, and 6-week wound infection.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After matching, a significantly greater number of ECTR patients had liver disease (<em>P</em> = &lt;.001) and a body mass index &gt; 40 (<em>P</em> = .001) compared to the OCTR group. These patients also had a lower incidence of fluid and electrolyte disorders (<em>P</em> = .003). Patients with T2DM who underwent ECTR had a significantly lower relative risk of 6-week wound infection, 6-week wound dehiscence, and median nerve injury (all <em>P</em> &lt; .001) compared to patients who underwent OCTR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In our analysis of T2DM patients undergoing CTR, ECTR yielded significantly lower rates of wound infection, wound dehiscence, and nerve injury within 6-weeks post-surgery, reducing the risk by 43%, 52%, and 58%, respectively. These findings suggest that ECTR may result in a lower complication rate in this patient population.</p></div><div><h3>Type of study/level of evidence</h3><p>III.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 577-582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124001026/pdfft?md5=8036b2b30146131685ea5980bfe2f6b5&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124001026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Prosthetic (Touch) and Arthroplastic Surgeries for Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis: Functional Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction With a 2-Year Follow-Up","authors":"Eleonora Piccirilli MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Priscilla di Sette MD ,&nbsp;Michele Rampoldi MD ,&nbsp;Matteo Primavera MD ,&nbsp;Chiara Salvati MD ,&nbsp;Umberto Tarantino MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint prosthesis poses its own challenges for the treatment of TMC arthrosis, especially when compared with the present gold standard, arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to highlight possible outcome differences and patients’ satisfaction regarding the treatment of TMC arthrosis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated 100 patients with TMC arthrosis treated in two centers and divided into two groups: group A received TMC prosthesis (Touch), whereas group B was treated with arthroplasty, with a 2-year follow-up period.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In a comparative analysis, findings revealed group A's superiority in the shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire scores at 1 and 6 months, with significant differences: 34.6% vs 67.1% and 2% vs 9.1%, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; .0001). Although group A also showed lower the shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire scores at 3 months, this was not statistically significant. Notably, at 1 and 2 years, group A demonstrated better scores without statistical significance. The Kapandji score differed significantly at 6 months: 9.8 vs 9.1 (<em>P</em> = .029). Although the visual analog scale showed generally lower values for the prosthesis group, no statistical differences emerged. Additionally, the M1/M2 ratio became significant postoperatively, favoring group A (<em>P</em> &lt; .05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Trapeziometacarpal prosthesis shows promise for TMC arthrosis, enhancing function, thumb length, and patient recovery, warranting further research and x-ray guidance.</p></div><div><h3>Type of study/level of evidence</h3><p>Therapeutic III.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 500-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000586/pdfft?md5=24349d52c072680a15ff18fc777030bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000586-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distal Scaphoid Excision for Chronic and Nonchronic Scaphoid Fracture Nonunion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The indications for distal scaphoid excision are limited to localized wrist arthritis surrounding the scaphoid, as a result of scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse or scapho-trapezio-trapezoid joint arthritis. The procedure historically has led to relief of symptoms and improvement in strength. Our aim was to examine the outcomes of this procedure in patients with scaphoid fracture nonunion.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a single-center retrospective case series of 12 consecutive patients who underwent distal scaphoid excision after scaphoid fracture nonunion. Patients were divided into the following two groups based on nonunion chronicity: chronic (more than a year) and nonchronic (less than a year). Clinical and radiographic data were examined using descriptive statistics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our cohort consisted of 12 patients, 10 men (83%) and 2 women (17%), with a mean age of 37.6 ± 13.6 years. Eight patients had a chronic scaphoid fracture nonunion (six had a neglected scaphoid fracture and two had a nonunion after scaphoid open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft), and four patients had a nonchronic fracture nonunion (two had failed cast treatment and two had nonunion after scaphoid open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft). Before surgery, all patients complained of pain and four had numbness (all in the chronic group). After an average of 21 weeks after surgery, seven patients (58%) reported continued pain, two patients reported ulnar side pain, and one underwent arthroscopic synovectomy. All patients who started with a normal radiolunate angle continued to have a normal angle, whereas patients who had dorsal intercalated segmental instability prior to surgery persisted with it after surgery, except for a patient who underwent midcarpal fusion and had their radiolunate angle corrected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Distal scaphoid excision is an effective procedure for carefully selected patients with periscaphoid wrist arthrosis. Patients with recent scaphoid fractures that failed treatment may also be treated with distal scaphoid resection.</p></div><div><h3>Type of study/level of evidence</h3><p>Therapeutic V.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 519-523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000707/pdfft?md5=a59d824973796b838fad18fefa2d6b82&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000707-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of a Carpal Giant Cell Tumor of Bone With Curettage and Cemented Capitohamate Fusion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carpal giant cell tumor of bone spanning multiple bones is a rare condition. We present a case of a man in his fifth decade with wrist pain who was found to have giant cell tumor of bone involving his capitate and hamate bones. This condition was successfully treated with intralesional curettage, argon beam coagulation, chemical cauterization and a cemented limited carpal fusion with satisfactory outcomes and no recurrence at 1-year postoperative follow-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 583-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124001087/pdfft?md5=40c43ccb5e9b4d93d7638dd2aa8f8199&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124001087-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Amputation Rates in High-Pressure Injection Injuries","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>High-pressure injection injuries are a rare, and potentially serious, trauma that has historically been associated with high-amputation rates. This study aimed to assess the amputation rates, materials involved, and outcomes at a single institution.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective analysis of 53 cases at a level-1 trauma center in South Central Texas between 2007 and 2023 was conducted. Patient demographics, injury details, materials injected, surgical interventions, complications, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was an amputation rate of 2.2. Latex-based paints showed more favorable outcomes when compared with grease injections and oil-based paints. There were also fewer reoperations and postoperative complications with latex-based paint injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study signals the need for a re-evaluation of high-pressure injection injury outcomes, highlighting a more optimistic prognosis than previously thought. The evolution of materials in paints, especially latex-based paints, may have been associated with a lower rate of amputation than what was previously reported.</p></div><div><h3>Type of study/level of evidence</h3><p>Prognostic IV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 540-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000823/pdfft?md5=b9b85260969fe81e04c847c743a99e7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000823-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrabursal Doxycycline Sclerotherapy for Recurrent Olecranon Bursitis of the Elbow: A Case Control Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of intrabursal injection of doxycycline sclerotherapy to treat olecranon bursitis (OB) refractory to conservative management.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with recurrent OB who were treated over 11 years with intrabursal injections of doxycycline. They were compared with a control group of 18 patients with recurrent OB who underwent surgical bursectomy. Patients were re-evaluated by the treating physician for recurrence of bursitis and treatment complications and completed a questionnaire to assess satisfaction, pain, and other patient-reported outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eight patients (29.6%) undergoing doxycycline sclerotherapy had recurrence, requiring one more doxycycline lavage within the first 4 weeks of initial doxycycline treatment. Three patients (16.7%) undergoing surgery had recurrence after surgery, requiring repeat aspiration. There were no patients in either doxycycline or surgical groups with recurrence of bursitis at the final follow-up (median = 195 and 1,055 days, respectively). No patients in the doxycycline group ultimately required surgical bursectomy, and no patients undergoing surgery required repeat surgeries. A regression model controlling for covariates did not find a significant difference between groups in the likelihood of physician-identified complication or repeat aspiration after doxycycline lavage or surgical bursectomy. Of patients undergoing doxycycline sclerotherapy, 85.7% of patients reported high satisfaction (Likert score: 8–10), and 95.2% reported that they would pursue this treatment again.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Use of intrabursal doxycycline as a sclerosing agent for recurrent OB was safe and effective, with high patient satisfaction and no ultimate recurrence of bursitis at the final follow-up. This may be an effective alternative to surgical bursectomy for patients with recurrent OB refractory to conservative management.</p></div><div><h3>Type of study/level of evidence</h3><p>Therapeutic IV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 504-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000616/pdfft?md5=758f06669abfa6ad6b13d19f66dffbd7&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a Hand Training Curriculum in Junior Resident Education: Experience at a Military Orthopedic Residency Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhsg.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The American Society for Surgery of the Hand developed the Surgery Training and Educational Platform (STEP) in order to assess essential skills in hand surgery. The American Society for Surgery of the Hand designed modules spanning both osseous and soft tissue skills aimed to be cost effective for the purpose of orthopedic surgical education. The STEP curriculum was adapted and implemented at a single military orthopedic residency program.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The following six modules were implemented: (1) depth of plunge, (2) scaphoid pinning, (3) phalangeal fracture pinning, (4) microsurgery, (5) full-thickness skin graft harvest, and (6) wrist arthroscopy. Both first- (PGY1) and second-year (PGY2) residents participated. Scores were calculated according to the original STEP curriculum criteria and were compared with historic data from the previous year. All residents responded to an evaluation questionnaire following the performance of the tasks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The PGY2 cohort outperformed PGY1 cohorts across all modules except for the depth of plunge and scaphoid fixation modules. In the phalangeal pinning module, PGY2s did significantly better when compared with pooled PGY1 performance and their own PGY1 performance (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). In the microsurgery module, PGY2s scored better than pooled PGY1s. In the full-thickness skin grafting module, PGY2s outperformed PGY1s (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). On the post-task evaluation, residents unanimously responded that this was a valuable exercise, but the time required to complete all the modules was significant, similar to that of the previous year survey.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The STEP simulation is a cost effective and reliable program to engage residents in hand surgery–related skills. However, adaptations should be encouraged according to institutional resources to provide the most inclusive training platform possible per institutional constraints. The STEP simulation is interpreted by residents as a valuable exercise but requires a significant time commitment that could be a barrier to implementation and regular use.</p></div><div><h3>Type of study/level of evidence</h3><p>Therapeutic IV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 545-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589514124000835/pdfft?md5=886ac6d42c913c0e7fd1139ed9dcebb6&pid=1-s2.0-S2589514124000835-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141037415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}