Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research最新文献

{"title":"The role of social inequality and individual psychological resources in the incidence of socially significant diseases in Russia and Europe","authors":"N. Rusinova, S. Boyarkina","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.5-604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.5-604","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological resources of the individual are an important factor of keeping health. Having such psychological features as awareness of their ability to control the life circumstances, a positive perception of themselves and belief in their own strength, self-esteem, optimistic view in the future, have a direct positive impact on the physical and psychological state of a person, promote healthy lifestyles, equip with the ability to cope struggles and reduce stress influence to health. The availability of such psychological resources and their reserve is especially important for people suffering from socially significant chronic diseases accompanied by physical and functional limitations, violations of psychological and social adaptation. However, according to numerous studies, in socially disadvantaged groups of the population – poorly educated, employed in the least prestigious and low-paid jobs with low incomes, together with high risks of morbidity and premature mortality from chronic diseases, there are low rates of psychological resistance due to a shortage of psychological resources. The study of the relationship between social status and individual psychological resources, which affect the health of different social strata’s representatives, allowed us to identify two main approaches. Within the framework of one approach, psychological features are considered to be a product of the structural conditions that determine the inequalities of their distribution in society. The deficit of psychological resources that experienced by representatives of socially vulnerable groups is consider to be contributing the negative impact of low socio-economic status on health and acts as one of the mediating mechanism for the transformation of socio-economic differences into inequalities in health. Another approach emphasizes the role of the person in changing the life circumstances, including those of them that are caused by the adverse effects of low socio-economic status. In this case, attention is focused not so much on the differences in the psychological reserves of individuals who occupy different positions in the socio-economic stratification, as on their variability within one social level. Empirical studies confirm that especially among the socially disadvantaged groups, individuals characterized by greater reserve of positive psychological properties, demonstrate significantly better health compared to those fellow citizens who are deprived of this reserve. In the literature, this phenomenon designates as a\" buffer\" effect, contributing to the reduction of negative health consequences of low status, and, consequently, to the reduction of socio-structural inequalities in health. In developed European countries, where government guarantees allow lower social strata to maintain self-esteem, confidence in the future and optimism, psychological resources lose their role as a mediator between socio-economic status and health and can lead to a buffer r","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125421900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the gender ideals of high school students (2010 - 2018)","authors":"S. K. Divisenko","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.5-602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.5-602","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the comparative analysis of high school students' gender perceptions, including the comparison of the results of the two empirical studies (2010 and 2018) on the significant qualities of ideal women and men. The compatibility of the two series allows to speak of the presence of certain changes that had happened within the students' perceptions in last 8 years. The results point at the certain stability of their gender perceptions and differentiation of images of ideal men and women. As exposed, young men's views are more traditional and conservative, while most girls are more inclined towards egalitarian views (especially in 2018).","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133338907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concepts of historical memory of Kryashen in Tatarstan: elitists versions of history and collective memory","authors":"V. Galindabaeva","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.5-601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.5-601","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers how ethnic entrepreneurs, manipulating various historical facts, formed opposing versions of the history of the origin of the Kryashen or Baptized Tatars in Tatarstan. The author describes the concepts of the historical memory of Kryashen, everyday ideas of Kryashen about history, as well as popular versions of the origin of baptized Tatars, which are supported by the population of the republic. The study is based on the analysis of textbooks on the history of the Tatar people, popular science literature, and the mass media, narratives from 170 interviews and questionnaire data from Kazan. An analysis of the data shows that at the level of mass representations, the most popular is the version promoted by the main political player, the elite of the republic: the Kryashens appeared as a result of the forced baptism of the Tatars in the 16th century. A popular version among the Kryashens themselves is that the Kryashens were never part of the Tatar people, because they were never Muslims. The study shows that at the level of the elite discourse the unity of the Tatar people is declared and the differences between the Tatars and the Kryashens are leveled. However, at the level of everyday interaction, the Tatars did not observe the same attitude towards the Kryashens.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121338026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Resources, Material Deprivation, and Health in Europe: Direct Effects and Mediation of Educational Inequalities","authors":"N. Rusinova, V. Safronov","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.5-603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.5-603","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of mediation of social structural inequalities in health. According to theoretical explanations that require further empirical justification, inequalities in education — deterioration of health with its decline — may be associated with material deprivation. With a low educational status, a person does not have enough material resources necessary for high-quality nutrition, recreation and treatment. These inequalities may also arise due to the fact that poorly educated people lack the psychological reserves necessary for overcoming life's difficulties. Analysis of European Social Survey data (ESS 2012) for 27 countries, as well as the contextual factor of social protection expenditure was carried out using statistical methods of two-level modeling and regression models for mediation effects (HLM, MLmed macro, Process macro). Health inequalities in education are clearly manifest in any country. It was established that, along with education, material deprivations and especially personal resources play a significant role in differentiating the well-being of people, exerting an independent impact on it. According to the modeling results, in many countries, including the most developed, material deprivations that people with low levels of education suffer from, act as a mediator, partly clarifying the reasons for differences in health among people with different education. One of the lines of psychological mediation is also connected with material conditions — through two intermediaries, the first of which is deprivation, and the second is psychological qualities. At the same time, even when controlling all of these mediating effects, personal characteristics are an important mediator of SES inequalities, but not all over Europe, but only in countries with a relatively weak social state. In conclusion, a brief description of health inequalities and mediating effects in Russia is given.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"45 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131433371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Gender Revolution”: the reverse side of the coin —through the eyes of Western authors","authors":"Alexander Shcelkin","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.402","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the size and factors of such a large-scale trend as the legalization of gay marriage in many countries around the world. At the same time, there is convincing evidence of resistance to this trend. The author analyzes the arguments and motives of this resistance. The main aspects of the criticism of the \"gender revolution\" in connection with the law \"Marriage for All\" are presented too.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122132326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of the Institute of advocacy and processes of legal professionalization in post-Soviet Russia","authors":"V. E. Maslovskaya","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.401","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes from the perspective of the theory of juridical field the process of institutional professionalization of advocates in post-Soviet Russia. The author makes a conclusion that the emergence of new institutional and individual actors of the juridical field fascilitated the formation of various interests and approaches to delivery of juridical services. In spite of the formation in the early 2000s of a single organizational structure of the advocates’ community this community remains divided and stratified. In some aspects of their activities the advocates try to defend their professional autonomy. Nevertheless, in the situation of internal conflicts the Soviet-style model of interaction between the Bar and the state is actualized. Juridical professionalization of organizations defending the rights of vulnerable groups is regarded as structured by unequal access to material and symbolic resources. Special attention is devoted by the author to formation in such organizations of an alternative form of professionalization of human rights lawyers with the potential to change their juridical habitus and create a specific identity that combines elements of human rights activism and legal professionalism.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122387391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Habermas: Conservative Post-Marxism and New Model of Social Development","authors":"D. Ivanov","doi":"10.33491/TELESCOPE2019.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/TELESCOPE2019.302","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to J. Habermas' 90th birthday and to analysis of his contribution to sociological theorizing with special focus on his conception of the modern society development. The neo-Marxist and post-Marxist phases in his intellectual career have been characterized. Habermas' integrative paradigm and his two-level theory of society are interpreted as a new perspective on goals and indicators of social development. Being presented as foundations of sociality, communicative rationality and communicative action correspond to current processes of social development, but in Habermas' theory they are used to deter social changes and to defend values and institutions of the previous centuries. from the past. Conception of the life-world defense against the system expansion is a kind of conservative utopia. Under today's virtualization and postvirtualization conditions the life-world is not conservative reality of everyday routine but augmented reality constructed by creative and mobile communications and supported by network and flow structures. In such augmented social reality, communicative action creates meanings, symbolic structures legitimating purposive-rational action and the system.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121360170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Igor Kon: «You Can’t Hide Anything From History». From Email Correspondence With I.S. Kon. Part II. 2007-2008","authors":"B. Doktorov","doi":"10.33491/telescope2019.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/telescope2019.301","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides the second part of my six-year correspondence with I. S. Kon. It began in April 2005 and broke off on March 5, 2011, shortly before Kon's death. The first publication contained 39 letters for 2005-2006, in the period under review, 2007-2008, we exchanged 107 letters. First of all, Kon's letters provide an opportunity to get actory of Russian sociology. In addition, they show his attitude to the facts and the nature of his assessments of his colleagues' activities as well as his ethics of historical search. I emphasize that this is not about the general theoretical arguments of Kon, but about examples of his discussion of specific, very difficult scientific and ethical situations.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123331519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual generalization of sociological data","authors":"V. G. Kanygin, S Mariya Poltinnikova, S Viktoria Koretskaya","doi":"10.33491/TELESCOPE2019.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/TELESCOPE2019.305","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world of exponentially increasing information, it becomes more and more difficult to analyze and organize well-known data such as: texts, tables, files, networks, etc. The considerable diversity of data structures, used in numerous sociological projects, makes it hard for sociologists to be aware of the social information processing that takes place in reality. The article observes shortcomings of sociological data as a tool of social communication that could be overcome with the help of modern knowledge management methods. We propose the new graph context oriented ontological methods that allow sociologists to organize any artifacts into semantic networks. Such representation opens a new way of data organization aimed to unify sociological data structures and to facilitate creation and maintenance of data by a wider range of social actors. We demonstrate how sociological data of different types used in the study of professional links within Russian ethnographic community can be transformed into semantic network and what problems arise during this work.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124078713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Well, were going to church...»: religious socialization in family following the interviews with believers and their children","authors":"S Konstantin Divisenko, E. A. Belov, V Olga Divisenko","doi":"10.33491/TELESCOPE2019.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33491/TELESCOPE2019.304","url":null,"abstract":"Religiosity reproduction in religious families is a new and understudied area in modern Russian sociology. Due to the growth of the number of Russian believers in second and third generation, it has become possible to study the religiosity phenomenon not merely as a result of personal religious conversion, but as a consequence of cross-generational translation within families as well. The article presents the results of the empirical study of religiosity reproduction on religious families. Following the materials of the interviews (n=25) of religious persons (Orthodox and Protestant), the article describes various factors that to one degree or another, impact the religiosity transmission from parents to their children. One may state that in process of religious socialization family plays a more significant role than peers, Sunday school attendance, etc. It has been found that the level of enchurchment of adults is also connected to how they inherited their parents' models and styles of intrafamilial relations during their childhood.","PeriodicalId":369012,"journal":{"name":"Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129981176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}