Papers in Applied Geography最新文献

{"title":"Economic Inequality Decomposition and Spatial Pattern of Crime in Indonesia","authors":"Putu Angga Widyastaman, D. Hartono","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1991842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1991842","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rising crime victimization rate in Indonesia shows that crime is still a serious problem in the country. This study aims to identify the relationship between economic inequality and crime rate in Indonesia. It used the decomposed Theil indices, as the measure of inequality based on national household survey panel data, to disentangle the effect of economic inequality into within-district/city and between-district/city economic inequality components. This choice of inequality measure is due to the fact that most of the previous studies regarding economic inequality and crime overlooked the disentanglement between economic inequality effects. Another problem addressed by this study is that the effect of crime is not bounded by administrative boundaries. A high prevalence of crime in a region may cause a criminal spillover to the surrounding regions. To control for this effect, this study also evaluates the spatial effect of interregional crime rates using the panel spatial autoregressive model as the estimation method. The estimation results revealed that both within-region and across-region economic inequalities have substantial increasing impacts on the crime rate.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"67 5 1","pages":"268 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89893486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Adult Population and Neighborhood Walkability by Metropolitan Area Size and Degree of Urban Sprawl","authors":"Bradley Bereitschaft","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1978526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1978526","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the various health and social benefits walkable environments are expected to confer, initial studies indicate that older adults in the United States are primarily moving away, rather than toward, urban centers. Yet, amid this broad demographic movement, is there any indication that older adults are more likely to be found in more walkable neighborhoods or that the growth in older adult populations (both percentage change and change in proportion) is positively related to neighborhood walkability? To address these questions, the spatial relationship between older adult population and neighborhood walkability (assessed using Walk Score®) and other amenities was examined for about 37,000 urban census tracts situated within U.S. metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more. The results of the modeling procedure suggest a positive association between the population of older adults in 2015–2019 and neighborhood walkability. Crucially, however, the change in older adults aged 65+ between 2010 and 2015–2019 indicates a trend toward less walkable areas. The relationship between older adults and neighborhood walkability varied among “pre-retirement” (50–64) and “retirement” (65+) age groups and by the size and degree of urban sprawl of the encompassing metropolitan area.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"15 8","pages":"249 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72462644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Thermal Discomfort Variation in Fiji’s Major Urban Centers","authors":"Stephanie Fong, Rubina Rana, Arti Pratap, V. Ongoma","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1977977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1977977","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thermal discomfort and heat stress have become common concerns, especially in an urbanized environment. This work investigates the changes in thermal comfort of Fiji’s urban centers. The analysis is based on Thom’s discomfort index (DI), calculated from observed temperature and humidity data during 1985–2019. Discomfort is highest in austral summer (November – April) and lowest in winter (June – August). Discomfort increased from the late 1990s to 2000s. Given that the urban centers under this study are still expanding, the level of discomfort is expected to worsen. The observed thermal comfort condition is likely to have an adverse impact on the urban population, especially the elderly people. In addition, a higher DI is likely to affect the country’s tourism industry. Proper building designs and increase in the country’s vegetation covers are practical and effective measures to manage the discomfort. There remains a need for instantaneous change in DI studies, monitoring its changes using high-resolution datasets, and to assessing the people’s actual thermal feeling based on a survey.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"54 1","pages":"235 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82109373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Evolution of Specialized Villages in the Yellow River Basin and Its Influencing Factors","authors":"Jiajun Qiao, Chenguang Liu, Dong Han, Gang-Jun Liu, Shi‐Ning Zhou, Xiangyang Xin","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1977172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1977172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We collected information on 35,353 specialized villages (SVs) from the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2014. Using the nearest neighbor index (NNI), exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), kernel density estimation (KDE), and the geography detector (geodetector) method, we demonstrated the spatiotemporal evolution of these 35,353 SVs and analyzed the influencing factors that triggered change. We arrived at the following conclusion: (1) In the upstream area of the Yellow River Basin, these SVs were fewer in number and more dispersed, and the distribution of these SVs presented in a zonal region. The distribution of SVs in the middle and lower reaches was dense and blocky. The average observation distance of the SVs in the Yellow River Basin decreased from 3.17 km in 2008 to 2.74 km in 2014, and Moran’s I in the county level increased from 0.2640 in 2008 to 0.3449 in 2014, with the degree of concentration increasing. (2) These SV agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin were located in the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches and in the north Shandong province in the downstream region. The agglomeration degree in Guanzhong region was the highest, and the change from 2008 to 2014 grew increasingly stronger. The hotspot concentrated areas were distributed primarily in the downstream region of Shandong Province, the middle reaches of the Weihe Plain, and the Longdong Loess Plateau. The cold-spot concentrated areas were distributed mainly along the borders of Qinghai and Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi province. (3) The natural environmental factors always had a great impact on the distribution of SVs, but this influence had decreased. In contrast, the local economic development level also played a very important role in the formation and development of SVs, and the influence of market conditions and technical conditions was gradually strengthening. The driving factors for the agglomeration of SVs in different regions were different and the differences were gradually increasing. The development model of SV was still an effective model to promote China’s Rural Revitalization. In the future, the research on the formation mechanism of SV agglomeration should be strengthened. According to the fact of regional development, the spatial interface theory provides a new path and thought to better study the internal mechanism of SV agglomeration.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"21 1","pages":"217 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82783555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City Resilience to COVID-19 in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Based on the Perspective of Human Mobility and Fisher Information Method","authors":"X. Sun, Ye Wei, Chunliang Xiu, Douglas Sono","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1977171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1977171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in early 2020 has severely impacted domestic production and quality of life in Chinese cities. Taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration as an example, this study takes Baidu migration data of mobility-within-city and mobility-between-cities as observation variables, adopts Fisher Information and resilience surrogate methods, and quantitatively analyzes the resilience of the urban agglomeration during the pandemic. The results show the changes in mobility-within-city and mobility-between-cities can reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban activities and external relations, and can reveal the resilience characteristics of different cities in the urban agglomeration in the face of the pandemic. The results show that: 1. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected mobility-within-city and mobility-between-cities, the degree of influence and duration of mobility-between-cities are significantly greater than those of mobility-within-city; 2. Yangtze River Delta cities present different types of resilience reflections such as “Stable”, “Smooth W”, “Sharp W”, and “U”, with “Stable” as the dominant type in 2019 and “Smooth W” and “Sharp W” as the dominant types in 2020; 3. In the urban agglomeration, hub cities such as Shanghai and Hangzhou have more confirmed cases, but Nantong and Hangzhou are the most stable cities in terms of mobility-within-city and mobility-between-cities; 4. We should pay attention to improving the resilience of important port cities and transportation hubs.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"113 1","pages":"200 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of GIS and Remote Sensing to Study and Analyze the Physiographic Characteristics of the Oued El-Abid Watershed (Central High Atlas, Morocco)","authors":"Elhoucein Layati, A. Ouigmane, M. C. Alves, M. Bagyaraj, A. Qadem, M. El Ghachi","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1973545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1973545","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present research describes the contribution of geomatic science in extracting, analyzing, mapping and determining the physiographic characteristics of the watershed of Oued El-Abid located in Central High Atlas, Morocco, which covers an area of 6405 km 2 and a perimeter of 527 km. The methodology adopted in this work is based on the use of digital terrain model (DTM) from SRTM images of 30*30 m resolution to identify and characterize the watershed and a Landsat 8 satellite image taken in August 2019, which leads us to calculate the physiographic and geometric characteristics of the watershed such as its shape, relief, geology, land use and hydrographic network. The results obtained show that the basin has an elongated shape with a moderate relief. The hypsometric view reveals that high altitude zones (1563 to 2763 m) are mainly distributed in the center and the southeast of the basin and the low altitudes are located in the west of the basin. This distribution of altitudes is related to the topography of the watershed. The hydrological view shows that the hydrographic network has a medium hierarchy while the typological aspect of the main river is about 6 (Lc= 203.17 Km). Also, the geological analysis reveals that the basin is mainly constituted by the Dogger and Lias terrains represented by limestone and marl formations, and the Cretaceous terrains represented by marl, marl and sandstone formations. The lithological nature of the basin is marked by permeable rocks (56%) constituted essentially by the carbonated, karstified and fractured mass.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"117 1","pages":"146 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90566487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of urban sprawl","authors":"A. Siyavuş, Tuğçe Nur Aydın","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1975307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1975307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to reveal the scientific structure of the “urban sprawl” issue by bibliometric analysis. Urban sprawl has become an actual problem with population growth, population mobility and urbanization in recent years. 575 publications in journals covered by SSCI, SCI-Expanded and A&HCI indexes accessed via the Web of Science database were included in this analysis. Descriptive and bibliometric analysis methods were used to analyze the publications within the scope of the research. The distributions of the publications by years, countries, journals, and authors were examined. Visual maps were created by analyzing coauthor, co-citation, and keyword patterns with the VOSviewer software. The countries, journals, authors that contributed the most to the literature are of western origins, principally the USA. The most co-cited researchers study in the fields such as health, city and regional planning, geography, environmental sciences, economics, remote sensing, and GIS. Hereof, it has been comprehended that the urban sprawl issue has been expanded to a scientific topic by researchers from different fields, especially after the 2000s. This study provides a scientific literature map of the urban sprawling issue and aims to offer scientists ideas for future research problems.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"25 1","pages":"163 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75169849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Potential Wildlife–Vehicle Collision Locations for Black Bear (Ursus americanus) in Florida under Different Environmental and Human Population Factors","authors":"Hoehun Ha","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1977170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1977170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Road networks can lead to serious negative impacts on wildlife populations. In particular, wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) caused by traffic is the best known and most visible effect of roads on wildlife. Despite such impact, there is still a lack of integrative understanding of the relative importance of different factors associated with areas of high WVC impact. Only a few studies have tested the idea that spatial variation of WVCs is affected by interaction of both environmental and sociodemographic characteristics. In this study, we characterized different contributing factors to the occurrence of male adult, female adult, and cub black bear (Ursus americanus) WVCs in Florida and projected the potential WVC locations for black bear using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model. We used the data set containing 2,789 locations of Florida black bear WVCs collected and maintained by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Our results indicated that although the natural and built environment (e.g., land type and road density) are the dominant factors in likelihood of black bear WVCs, higher likelihood is also influenced by sociodemographic characteristics such as human population density. We found little difference between WVC likelihood for adult females and cubs, but a substantially different distribution between male adult and female adult, and cub mortality. We conclude that the MaxEnt model can be used to predict potential mortality locations. Where black bear populations are at increased risk of coming into contact with traffic, the model could be useful for planning effective mitigation measures to minimize impacts of existing and future roads on wildlife populations.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"20 1","pages":"185 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90305523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed Methods for Enhancement in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Identification Using Various Existing and Novel Band Arithmetic Approaches","authors":"S. Kale, R. S. Holambe","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1966829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1966829","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents the band arithmetic approach to identify land cover types such as vegetation, bare land, water, and built-up area in the area of Nanded district and the Purna region of Parbhani district, India. Rather than boosting intelligence to the classifier end, the principal purpose of the proposed research work is to produce various formulations for the feature enhancement. The classifier could classify the formulae transformed images and enhance the accuracy of classification. These formulations are the estimated arithmetic between the various bands of the multispectral satellite imagery of the Sentinel-2. We carried out estimation using knowledge of the spectral reflectance curve. Different arithmetic formulations among the bands of the same date scene covered by satellite are proposed and applied at the pixel level. We have tested the efficacy of the proposed methods using a random forest (RF) classifier. Proposed methods provide enhanced results in terms of accuracy. The overall accuracy reaches up to 95 percent with a kappa coefficient 0.93 for the Nanded site and 91 percent with a kappa coefficient 0.88 for the Purna site.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"3 1","pages":"125 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74282029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Utility of Gini Coefficients as a Measure of Temporal Variation in Public Transit Travel Time","authors":"J. Chestnut, E. Boschmann","doi":"10.1080/23754931.2021.1964582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2021.1964582","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Travel times by public transit vary dramatically throughout the day. However, these variations are not the same for all commutes. If one commute origin and destination are connected by high frequency transit all day, then that commute will have less variation in travel time throughout the day. This research illustrates how that variation can be measured with gini coefficients so that inequality in travel times can be better understood. Using Denver as a case study, gini coefficients are calculated with 120 travel times by public transit throughout the day for each of over 200,000 origin destination pairs. The utility of the gini coefficient as a predictor of the percent of the population that drives to work is then explored using a regression. The regression results indicate that the gini variable has utility in predicting the percent of the population that drives to work.","PeriodicalId":36897,"journal":{"name":"Papers in Applied Geography","volume":"6 1","pages":"112 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78806121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}