{"title":"Low Coherence Interferometry for Imaging Microstructures within Optically Turbid Tissues","authors":"J. Schmitt, A. Knüttel, R. Bonner","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.ci.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1994.ci.253","url":null,"abstract":"The interpretation of optical-coherence tomograms of biological tissues is discussed in the context of our current knowledge of optical propagation in turbid media.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127466049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Heterodyne Imaging Through Turbid Media at 1.3 µm Wavelength","authors":"Xiaomei Wang, R. Rediker","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1996.cit243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1996.cit243","url":null,"abstract":"Using a frequency-shifted CW optical homodyne technique with a 1.3 µm diode laser source, we have imaged through 50 mm thick 0.33% intralipid solutions with millimeter resolution. These results, achieved with a useful single-mode power of 0.5 mW, can be further improved by using higher power and enhanced detection sensitivity. The projected capabilities of this technique show promising potential for high-resolution, subsurface optical imaging for medical applications.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"519 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121973593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photon Density Wave Diffraction Tomography","authors":"A. Hielscher, F. Tittel, S. Jacques","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.apmpdwi.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1994.apmpdwi.78","url":null,"abstract":"It is demonstrated that diffraction tomography, an imaging technique which is usually applied with ultrasound waves, can also be used with photon density waves. Resolution in the sub-centimeter range, depending on the optical properties, can be expected.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124972111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waves in Highly Heterogeneous Media","authors":"R. Weaver","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.wpl.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1994.wpl.37","url":null,"abstract":"Recent time-domain ultrasonic and numerical experiments on classical waves in two-dimensional Anderson localizing random media are reviewed. It is shown that the transport, albeit weak, occurs on a time scale comparable to a diffusive time scale, and is not exponentially slow. The time scales of the transport over distances of several localization lengths are found to scale with the ≈2.46 power of source/receiver distance. It is also shown that absorption has no effect on the localization of the eigenmodes, though it can make the observation of that localization more difficult, especially if those observations are by means of measurements of steady state transmission.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124994738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wavelet Based Multigrid Reconstruction Algorithm for Optical Tomography","authors":"Wei Zhu, Yao Wang, Yuqi Yao, R. Barbour","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1996.ria276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1996.ria276","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a wavelet based multigrid approach to solve the perturbation encountered in optical tomography. The wavelet based multigrid representation has been applied to obtain regularized least squares (RLS) and total least squares (TLS) solutions. The unknown image, the data, as well as the weight matrix are all represented by wavelet expansions, thus yielding a multi-resolution representation of the perturbation Then, the transformed perturbation is solved by either the RLS or TLS method, using a multigrid scheme, by which an increasing portion of wavelet coefficients of the unknown image are solved in successive approximations. The experimental results show that the multigrid method can achieve similar reconstruction quality with a significantly reduced amount of time than the one-grid algorithm.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131356096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of Pencil Beams With Highly Forward Scattering","authors":"E. Larsen","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1996.ria258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1996.ria258","url":null,"abstract":"A normally-incident and infinitely narrow beam of radiation impinges on a homogeneous material. As this beam penetrates the system, the particles in the beam undergo scattering and the beam broadens. Explicit expressions for the amplitude and the root-mean-squared radius of the beam, as a function of depth, are derived from the linear transport The analogous expressions are derived for the approximate diffusion solution, and the two results are compared.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121311218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perturgation Theory of Photon Migration in the Presence of a Single Defect","authors":"S. Feng, F. Zeng, B. Chance","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1994.ncpdir.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1994.ncpdir.217","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analytical perturbation analysis to study the sensitivity of diffusive photon flux to the addition of a small shperical defect object in multiple scattering media such as human tissues. As a first simple application of our perturbation method, we derive analytically the photon migration path distributions, and the shapes of the so called “banana” regions in which the photon migration paths are concentrated. We then derive analytically the sensitivity of detected photon flux densities to the inclusion of small spherical defects in the multiple scattering medium, for both single source and two-source configurations, at both steady state (DC) and frequency modulation conditions, and compare the results with Monte Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114977345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser Doppler measurements and Monte Carlo simulations for determination of the scattering properties of fluids including blood","authors":"A. Kienle, M. Patterson, L. Ott, R. Steiner","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1996.pmst29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1996.pmst29","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we describe laser Doppler measurements on scattering liquids flowing through a highly scattering static medium to determine the scattering coefficient and the anisotropy factor of the liquids. Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in the static and moving media were used to calculate the Doppler spectra. We show that the scattering coefficient of liquids can be derived from the integration of the Doppler spectrum provided that the absorption coefficient of the liquid is much smaller than the scattering coefficient. The anisotropy factor was deduced by applying an iterative nonlinear regression method to fit the measured Doppler spectra. The experimental setup was tested by comparing laser Doppler measurements on polystyrene spheres with Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the scattering properties of dilute Intralipid20% and those of blood were determined at λ = 820 nm.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130826198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of overlying tissue on NIR light propagation in neonatal brain","authors":"E. Okada, D. Delpy","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1996.di338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1996.di338","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the layered surface tissue of the neonatal head on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement of brain oxygenation has been investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. Four different cylindrical models have been adopted in order to investigate the effect of the clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer surrounding the brain on the light propagation. The simplest is a four layered model without a clear CSF layer whilst the most sophisticated model consists of five layers including the clear layer containing slots imitating the sulci in the brain. The fractional optical pathlength in each layer and spatial sensitivity profiles are predicted to examine the contribution of each layer to the NIRS signal. The clear CSF layer was found to affect the light propagation in the neonatal head, causing the light to follow the CSF boundary. This phenomena reduces the contribution of absorption changes in the white matter to the NIRS signal. However the contribution of the brain exceeds 75 % at an optode spacing of 50 mm in the neonatal head, a much greater contribution than observed for the adult brain. The spatial sensitivity around the sulci increases slightly, but the sulcus structure does not significantly affect the optical pathlength and general trend of the spatial sensitivity profile.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133743672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
É. Lantz, F. Devaux, G. L. Tolguenec, H. Maillotte
{"title":"Imaging Through Turbid Media with a Nonlinear-Optical Correlation Time Gate","authors":"É. Lantz, F. Devaux, G. L. Tolguenec, H. Maillotte","doi":"10.1364/aoipm.1996.trit103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aoipm.1996.trit103","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the use of a degenerate-four-wave-mixing time gate to allow imaging through turbid media, with potential application to tissue imaging. A near infra-red (NIR), long-pulse Cr+3:Li2SrA1F6 laser is used as the light source, for imaging through clear and turbid media.","PeriodicalId":368664,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128596291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}