{"title":"Built Environment and Driving Outcomes: The Case for an Integrated GIS/GPS Approach","authors":"Xiaoguang Wang, L. Kostyniuk, M. Barnes","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2014040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2014040102","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates a segment-based approach to integrate GIS and GPS data to address questions about the connections between the built environment and travel behaviors. Methods and challenges of GPS/GIS integration are discussed, and an application integrating GPS naturalistic driving data from Southeast Michigan together with GIS data from several sources is demonstrated. The integrated dataset is used to explore connections between the built environment and driving behavior, specifically between business concentration, driving speed, vehicle stops and rear-end crashes. Driving speed, an important determinant of driver behavior linked to traffic safety, is found to be inversely related to business concentration, a pattern that does not vary by time of day. Rear-end crashes are found to increase with vehicle stops which increase with business concentration. This demonstration showed that fusing GPS and GPS data provides spatial intelligence which can be used to address planning, traffic safety, and transportation related issues. Language: en","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127225362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Liu, C. Yang, Wenwen Li, Z. Gui, Chen Xu, J. Xia
{"title":"Using Semantic Search and Knowledge Reasoning to Improve the Discovery of Earth Science Records: An Example with the ESIP Semantic Testbed","authors":"Kai Liu, C. Yang, Wenwen Li, Z. Gui, Chen Xu, J. Xia","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2014040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2014040104","url":null,"abstract":"Web resources exploration is increasingly driven by semantic web technologies with automated processing. Earth science communities generate large amounts of datasets described in hundreds of millions of metadata records. It is critical to discover the accurate data from the millions of data records based on the end user's searching intent. However, the big challenge is how to ensure that catalogs and Spatial Web Portals can understand end user's intents. To enable portals effectively ‘understand' the meaning of user's queries and to provide a better searching experience for end users, we collaborated with Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) to develop such a capability through a semantic Testbed. We implemented a reasoning engine using similarity calculations to facilitate the meaningful discovery of Earth science data and to improve the accuracy of searching results.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133676400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chenfeng Zhang, S. Bao, Bing She, Xinyan Zhu, Xu Zhang
{"title":"Spatial Intelligence for Regional Analysis","authors":"Chenfeng Zhang, S. Bao, Bing She, Xinyan Zhu, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.4018/ijagr.2014040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2014040105","url":null,"abstract":"With the announcement of open information policy by the Chinese government, there has been lots of development in government statistics, Census data, and GIS data. That information provides rich reference for regional analysis in China. The primary challenges under rapid data growth include how to efficiently integrate those space-time data, provide methodology for different research targets, and promote their applications in different fields. This report will present some recent developments of spatial intelligence technologies for spatial data integration, data analysis, as well as their applications. The report will introduce the newly developed spatial explorer (China Geo-Explorer) as a joint effort by the University of Michigan China Data Center and Wuhan University. It will demonstrate how space-time data of different formats and sources can be integrated, visualized, analyzed and reported in a web based system. Some applications in disaster assessment, environment and health, cultural and religious studies will be discussed for China and global studies.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125595208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods for Space-Time Analysis and Modeling: An Overview","authors":"E. Delmelle, Changjoo Kim, N. Xiao, Wei Chen","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013100101","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing availability of spatio-temporal data and the democratization of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), there has been a demand for novel statistical and visualization techniques which can explicitly integrate space and time. The paper discusses the nature of spatio-temporal data, the integration of time within GIS and the flourishing availability of spatial and temporal-explicit data over the Internet. The paper attempts to answer the fundamental question on how these large datasets can be analyzed in space and time to reveal critical patterns. The authors further elaborate on how spatial autocorrelation techniques are extended to deal with time, for point, linear, and areal features, and the impact of parameter selection, such as critical distance and time threshold to build adjacency matrices. The authors also discuss issues of space-time modeling for optimization problems.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121977923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alan T. Murray, Julia Koschinsky, Yin Liu, S. Rey, L. A. Brown
{"title":"Are Foreclosures Contagious?: An Exploratory Space-Time Analysis of Franklin County, Ohio, 2001-2008","authors":"Alan T. Murray, Julia Koschinsky, Yin Liu, S. Rey, L. A. Brown","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013100102","url":null,"abstract":"Significant foreclosure activity in a weak housing market area is a sign of trouble, suggesting potential subsequent neighborhood decline. This article focuses on an under-researched question of whether higher foreclosure rates in a neighborhood tend to spill over into adjacent neighborhoods. The authors detail exploratory spatial methods to identify where potential spillover effects occur: kernel density surfaces, space-time local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and LISA Markov. Using data for Franklin County, Ohio the authors find that foreclosure rate hotspots are concentrated in lower-income, more African-American central city areas. The majority of hotspots (around 90%) persist over time and space but about 10% of all hotspots are consistent with contagion effects between neighboring areas. Only 1-3% of neighborhoods experience spillovers as below-average to above-average cluster transitions. In general, contagion effects occur in areas with higher rates of African-Americans, poverty and lower median home values and incomes. However, the authors also observe a sub-trend suggesting possibly accelerated hotspot growth in otherwise comparable Caucasian areas.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124403741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Recent Air Passenger Flows","authors":"Changjoo Kim, Hyun Kim","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013100103","url":null,"abstract":"Airline mergers and acquisitions (MAs) are on the rise across the globe and have been a growing trend in the U.S. aviation industry in the last few years. MAs are taking several factors into consideration, such as cost efficiency, competition, and geographic coverage. For airlines, these transactions can eliminate overlapping routes and help reduce competition, leading airlines to achieve higher operating margins. For travelers, MAs often lead to lesser flight frequency, higher airfares or longer travel miles. To explore spatial-temporal variations from airline and passenger perspectives, this paper focuses on 55 major airports in the 50 largest cities between 2000 and 2010. The detailed results of passenger flow patterns suggest that some airports have more spatial imbalance than others in terms of passenger travel distances. Further, the findings indicate that the MAs have different effects on passenger flows and traveled distances, and the effect is complexly related to the airport’s spatial status.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114787140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Spatial Analysis of Male and Female Unemployment in the USA","authors":"Edmund J. Zolnik","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013100105","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of male and female unemployment in the U.S. explores how gender affects spatial variation in unemployment. The effects of spatially-unlagged and spatially-lagged unemployment rates on the likelihood that individual men and women are unemployed are also explored. Using a recent tabulation of microdata from the American Community Survey, multilevel models of male and female unemployment are fit. Results indicate that age and occupation at the individual-level and a right-to-work dummy at the PUMA-level are the variables that best distinguish unemployed men and women. Results also indicate that unemployment for men is more clustered in space than unemployment for women. Finally, results indicate that the vast majority of the variation in unemployment for individuals in the U.S. is attributable to the personal characteristics of unemployed men and women, not the locational characteristics of high-unemployment places. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the latter result.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123345234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Delmelle, Irene Casas, J. H. Rojas, Alejandro Varela
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Dengue Fever in Cali, Colombia","authors":"E. Delmelle, Irene Casas, J. H. Rojas, Alejandro Varela","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013100104","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue fever is an arboviral disease typical of the tropics that can be life-threatening and if not controlled properly may result in an epidemic. The absence of an effective vaccine makes strategies to prevent the virus transmission the most effective means of control. The planning of such strategies, however, is difficult due to the constant movement of individuals and mosquito host (Aedes aegypti). In this paper, the spatial and temporal relations that might exist between infected individuals during a dengue-epidemic year are explored. This research is motivated in that a deep understanding of potential transmission patterns between individuals might lead to a better design and planning of control strategies. A GIS-based Health Exploratory AnaLysis Tool (HELP) is used to compute space-time relationships by means of spatial K-function, kernel density, space-time K-function and linking pairs of cases within significant time and space intervals. Significant clustering was observed at a scale of 50 meters and 750 meters, respectively while temporal significance was determined at two days and five to eight days. While an increase of cases occurs in the months following severe droughts due to an El NiA±o phenomenon, the location of clusters remains relatively stable. These are observed near areas where potential habitats for the mosquito exist such as storm drains, hard surfaces where water accumulates (e.g., vases, containers), but also in poorer neighborhoods. The results from the spatial analysis provide valuable information for health care managers to take preventive actions at the municipality level.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115577998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Vulnerability to Coastal and Inland Flood Hazards: A Comparison of GIS-Based Spatial Interpolation Methods","authors":"Marilyn C. Montgomery, Jayajit Chakraborty","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013070104","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on exposure to flood hazards suggests that individuals characterized by low social vulnerability are more likely to reside in coastal flood hazard zones than individuals of higher social vulnerability, but few studies have examined if similar exposure patterns can be observed in inland flood hazard zones. This paper examines differences in environmental justice implications between coastal and inland flood hazard zones in Tampa Bay, Florida, based on implementation and comparison of five different GIS-based interpolation methods. The results of the authors' study indicate that individuals with traits of low social vulnerability are more likely to reside within either coastal or inland flood hazard zones than areas outside flood zones, and socially vulnerable individuals are more likely to reside within inland flood zones than coastal. They also observe that choice of spatial interpolation method does not significantly affect which socio-demographic groups are most exposed to coastal and inland flood hazards.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133439267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Land Cover, Tenure Characteristics, and Rural Well-Being in a Black Belt County","authors":"J. Dyer, L. Marzen, D. Hite","doi":"10.4018/jagr.2013070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2013070102","url":null,"abstract":"Landownership is an important form of wealth, especially in a natural-resource dependent region such as the Black Belt of Alabama. We examine the connection between property ownership, land cover, and the well-being of communities in Macon County, Alabama. This study is an exploratory application of geographic information systems to integrate information from property tax assessment records, land cover data, and a well-being index based on census data. Research questions regarding the relationships between socioeconomic well-being, land tenure, and land cover were tested on rural parcels 50 acres or larger N=1418. Test results reveal statistically significant relationships between socioeconomic conditions and absentee ownership both out-of-state and out-of-county and land cover type in particular, evergreen forestland. Analyses of research findings offer insight to the cultural-ecological connections within the Black Belt and prompts exploration of the notion of space as political.","PeriodicalId":368300,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Appl. Geospat. Res.","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134485128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}