Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of Plastic Waste Material in Masonry Bricks Production Towards Strength, Durability and Environmental Sustainability","authors":"Aneke Frank Ikechukwu, A. Naghizadeh","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29495","url":null,"abstract":"The level of generated plastic waste has awash over a billion metric tonnes of this waste into our environment. If an effective long-lasting solution to this impending disaster is not provided through recycling, reengineering, and conversion of this waste to resourceful materials. Then sustainability and conservation of natural non-replenishable materials will be severely threatened. The aims to avert the impending consequences of this disaster and conserve natural materials have given rise to a sustainable future in the production of low carbon embedded construction materials. Under these circumstances, this study, therefore, presents the strengths and durability of waste plastic bricks (WPB) produced from blending scrap PET plastics and foundry sand. The WPB masonry bricks were produced using ratios of 10:90, 20: 80, and 30: 70 to the combined dry mass of PET and sand. Series of compressive strength tests, modulus of rupture (MOR) tests, apparent porosity tests, water absorption tests, salt-resistance tests, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were conducted to investigate the strength and durability of the WPB in conformance with the South African National Standard (SANS 227) for individual load-bearing masonry face brick unit. Compared to the clay bricks with 18 MPa what of strength, the test result revealed that the WPB rendered an average compressive strength of 35.2 MPa. Furthermore, the test result showed that the WPB recorded significant strength resistance under tension compared to the clay brick due to the ductility properties of scrap plastic waste. Also, the acid effects were significantly resisted on the surface WPBs due to the hydrophobic property of the PET- waste. The stiffness of the clay bricks portrayed brittle response, whereas WPBs benefited with high ductility properties, therefore, revealed a great proportionality between the dynamic modulus and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 90%.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45870639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flagship Projects and Socio-Spatial Inequalities. The Case of the Post Refugee Urban Neighbourhood in Kallithea, Attica, Greece","authors":"Evgenia Tousi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29367","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of flagship projects is becoming more and more timely in the contemporary globalized urban context. The overall transformation of a former decayed urban enclave through a well targeted large-scale intervention is found in many cities around the world. Following the narrative of Bilbao, which is considered to be a success story, many cities attempted to imitate the “Bilbao effect”. Taking into account the international experience on the field, this paper tries to analyze a Greek example, delving into the specificities of time and space. The selected case study could be considered as one of the first flagship or prestige projects in Greece and is strongly associated with the concept of “Athenian Riviera”, a metropolitan coastal zone that is currently under urban regeneration. This prestige project is located inside a former refugee enclave that has until today a significant number of old refugee housing complexes, constructed around 1930. The stark contradiction between the iconic building and the derelict neighboring refugee apartments reflects clearly the impact of site-specific urban interventions; they widen the gab between upgraded and degenerated enclaves inside the city. The presence of vulnerable households in the area raises concerns on future gentrification procedures. Field work combined with literature review is being made so as to adumbrate the crucial issues in the area of study. Photographic documentation and cartographic depiction are used as tools so as to illustrate the physiognomy of the area. The ultimate purpose of the paper is to address the issue of socio-spatial inequalities in the era of globalization, where the implementation of place branding strategies puts aside certain social factors, leading to spatial segregation between degraded and upgraded areas.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47056198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Issue of Post-Industrial Brownfields in Piraeus, Greece: Suggesting International Best Practices in the Era of Globalization","authors":"Abigail Chernila, Evgenia Tousi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30375","url":null,"abstract":"Piraeus, Greece’s capital port city since the ancient times, is now home to many abandoned industrial sites that present an opportunity for revitalization through regeneration. This article presents applications of brownfield regeneration policies from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the EU Brodise Program for the case of Piraeus, Greece. The paper includes a theoretical framework that introduces the historical patterns of development through globalization and changing economic systems that led to the presence of brownfield sites around the world. The research utilizes field work at major brownfield sites in Piraeus including site visits and stakeholder interviews, alongside literature review. The ultimate goal of the article is to exemplify areas of proven brownfield regeneration success internationally that can be applied to future policies to support efficient, transparent, and sustainable regeneration projects in Greece.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43485012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walkability Drivers for Sustainable Cities: a Pedestrian Behavior Survey","authors":"Jennifer Domeneghini, J. Macke, J. A. Sarate","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29756","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of cities often disordered brings several mobility challenges, both in guaranteeing public transport and creating pedestrian-friendly urban spaces. This paper aims to identify the walkability drivers in urban areas and investigate walkability behavior. The survey was carried out in southern Brazil, with a sample of 439 respondents. Data were subject to factorial analysis, regression analysis, and variance analysis. The analysis revealed four walkability drivers that explain pedestrian behavior: (i) infrastructure, (ii) traffic conditions and behavior, (iii) built and natural environments, and (iv) social relations. The results show that built and natural environments and social relations were the most significant aspects in explaining walkability’s overall perception. Concerning socio-demographic aspects, the study points out that (i) men feel safer than women when walking in the neighborhood; (ii) the presence of trees and attractive places along the street increases the walking behavior of non-sedentary people; and (iii) the perception of the neighborhood’s beauty increases with age. The research provides contributions regarding understanding the interrelated aspects of walkability behavior. Finally, the study offers relevant evidence for social researchers and urban planners by identifying walkability drivers and supporting political and academic debate elements.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43701607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Assessment of the Sustainability of the Historical Clock Tower as a Landmark","authors":"Merve Özkaynak, B. Seker","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.28882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.28882","url":null,"abstract":"In the historical process, many tools have been used to measure time. With technological advances, clock towers were built with mechanical clocks. But today, rather than their original function, historic urban centers have become an image of cities. First built in Europe, clock towers were built in various cities of Anatolia during the Ottoman Period. The protection and sustainability of clock towers, which are one of physical identity, is important for the continuity of cultural heritage. Determining the damages that earthquakes will contribute to the protection and sustainability of clock towers. In the study, the historical clock tower in Çorum was modeled in three dimensions and subjected to static and dynamic analysis. In static analysis, it is seen that the upper part of the main entrance door and dynamic analyses increase in the transition from the octagonal plan in the lower region to the circular cross-sectional zone in the upper region. Also, it was determined that the maximum values of deformations appeared as displacement in orthogonal directions at the top of the tower. As a result, as a strengthening proposal, it is thought that iron tensioners passing through the stirrup plane of the entrance door conveyor belt should be added.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41875417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Cycle Environmental and Cost Analysis of Building Insulated with Hemp Fibre Compared to Alternative Conventional Insulations – a Swedish Case Study","authors":"Mathilda Hult, Sara Karlsmo","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30357","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comparative life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) assessments of hemp fibre and conventional alternative insulations for the climate shell of a building. The conventional alternative insulations compared to the hemp fibre are cellulose and glass wool. The object of the analysis is a one-story single-family house, in Växjö, Sweden, and the lifetime of the house is set to 50 years. The LCA focuses on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact and the LCC during the lifetime of the different insulations for the building are calculated using the net present value method. The results show that the net GWP-impact for hemp fibre insulation is about 10 % lower and the cost is about 20 % higher than the conventional glass wool alternative. Furthermore, the analysis shows that cellulose insulation has slightly lower GWP-impact and nearly the same cost as the glass wool alternative. Sensitivity analyses regarding five different issues were performed and these show that: for cellulose coming from recycled paper, it contributed to less fossil emissions than non-recycled paper. If the data source for glass wool insulation is changed from environmental product declarations (EPD) to generic data, the greenhouse gas emissions increased. By replacing district heating system with geothermal heating system, fossil GWP-impacts also increased while the LCC analysis shows that operating costs is reduced. If the fuel is changed from diesel to electricity, fossil emissions are reduced over the life cycle of the building. If only part A1 – A5 is reported, as required for the Swedish climate declaration, the results point to the outcomes that glass wool insulation gives the least fossil GWP-impact while the hemp fibre gives the least net GWP-impact.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41378808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of Indoor Environment of Large Glazed Office Building in Semi Arid Climate","authors":"M. Badeche, Y. Bouchahm","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.28008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.28008","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years the rate of buildings with large glazed facades is rapidly increasing, particularly in office buildings. Where, the creation of a suitable thermal and visual comfort is a significant factor affecting productivity. The use of large glazed facades without adapted shading measure generates thermal and visual discomfort, wich ranges from uncomfortable environment conditions to serious health effects. Specialized work and literature about performance evaluation of large glazed office buildings in relation to their environment are lacking in semi arid climates, characterized by significant intensity of solar radiations in the summer period of the year.\u0000This study investigates the impact of large glazing areas on thermal and visual comfort in a sample of naturally ventilated office building located in the semi arid climate of Algeria (36°, 17 N and 7°, 23’ E). A Post Occupancy Evaluation technique (POE), being a mainstream activity in the process of building operation phase is used for this purpose. The main objective is to stress practitioners, specifically architects, to take conscious decisions in an early phase of design process. The study clearly highlighted discomfort in the studied office building. It included unacceptable temperature arising from glazed facade; overheating due to excessive solar gains; insufficient ventilation and poor daylighting. The results indicate that such large fenestration system is not recommended in summer time. However, a judicious choice of the glazing size and type by simulation tools must balance lighting and thermal needs.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48413658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges on Urban Socio-Spatial Cohesion. The Case of Social Housing Complexes in the Regional Administrative area of Piraeus in Greece","authors":"Evgenia Tousi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.29137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.29137","url":null,"abstract":"The regional administrative area of Piraeus has long been a suitable case study for analyzing the impact of social housing. The six municipalities that constitute this urban agglomeration have been strongly connected with the Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1922 and the consequent rehabilitation of the refugee population during the 30s. Moreover, after WWII, more social housing complexes had been constructed in the urban area around central Piraeus, representing different architectural types and principles. Today, they host various socio-economic population groups. Economic immigrants and households of elderly people are some of the vulnerable households that reside today in the social housing apartments. One major issue is the poor housing conditions and the low level of preservation associated with high rates of poverty and social exclusion. This paper attempts to depict the contemporary situation in the area by providing thematic cartography with the aim of indicating crucial enclaves in need of urban regeneration.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Factors Affecting the Success of Construction Projects in Oman","authors":"R. J. Hamad, B. Tayeh, Hamdan A. Al Aisri","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.29269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.29269","url":null,"abstract":"Construction in Oman is an important sector that contributes greatly to the country’s economic growth. Recently, the construction projects in Oman have been delayed which has led to delays in the projects’ completion and sometimes to their failure. This study aims to examine the critical factors affecting the success of construction projects in Oman. The extent to which factors related to project parties affect this success was assessed. A quantitative approach based on systematic literature review and questionnaire survey technique was used. The factors were identified and classified into six main categories, namely, time; finance; project designing, planning and scheduling; quality; project progress and development; and environment and nature. The factors are also classified as client-, consultant-, contractor- and external-related factors. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to people who experienced working in the public and private construction sectors in Oman. Relative importance index method was used for analysis. Results show that quality is the most important amongst the six investigated categories, followed by time; finance; project progress and development; project designing, planning and scheduling; and environment and nature. The client-related factors have the highest impact on the success of construction projects in Oman, followed by consultant-, contractor- and external environment-related factors. The selection of a low bid, rather than accurate and reliable bids, and the quality and experience of the project team and labour are the most significant factors affecting the success of construction projects in Oman. The contractors’ administrative corruption, indiscipline and dishonesty and the frequent equipment breakdowns are the two least important factors affecting the success of construction projects. The government should encourage clients to improve their procurement strategies and force the construction companies to implement innovative approaches to project delivery.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46456035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Applying Social Sustainability Components on Residential Satisfaction","authors":"Mohammadhossein Azizibabani, M. Bemanian, M. Yeganeh","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.29217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.29217","url":null,"abstract":"Today, decades after the emergence of the concept of sustainable development, the long-term positive effects of achieving sustainable development goals in all environmental, economic, and social dimensions on the quality of human life are undeniable. The purpose of this research is to explain the mechanism of effects of applying the social sustainability components on the level of residential satisfaction in the scale of residential complexes. The research uses a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methodology in terms of the nature of the data and the research method is descriptive-analytical (causal and comparative). The conceptual model of the research, which includes the relationships between the variables of perceived quality of social sustainability components, residential desires associated with these components, perceived quality of housing architecture, and residential satisfaction, has been proposed based on the study of theoretical foundations through logical reasoning method. This model has been tested through obtained data from a questionnaire in a field study conducted in the Baghe Behesht residential complex in the Saadatabad neighborhood of Tehran. According to the results, the application of the components of social sustainability has a significant effect on residential satisfaction by improving the quality of housing architecture, and in conditions of qualitative deficiency in social sustainability components, residential desires associated with these components will reduce the perceived quality and the level of residential satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43922446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}