Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Study of the influence of indoor plants as an indicator of biophilic design on CO2 concentrations in a classroom of higher education institute","authors":"Anita Kavathekar, Shaila Bantanur","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30791","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization in Indian metropolitan cities deteriorating the outdoor environment by polluting water, soil, and air to a great extent. Some of the cities are at a fatal level of contamination affecting indoor environments. Many studies had reported the impact of a high level of CO2 indoors on the occupants. Its effect depends upon the concentration of CO2, the duration of exposure, and the concentration of oxygen (O2). Still the effects range from increased respiratory rates to cardiac ailments and carcinoses. India is a developing country so the sustainable and affordable approaches will be more applicable in this context. This study tries to find a well-grounded way to improve indoor air quality. The current pilot study focuses on examining the effect of indoor plants on indoor air quality by measuring CO2 levels. This study has used three different species of plants for three different classrooms of higher education institutes. The study was performed in an unsealed environment where air velocity and CO2 were measured. Statistical analysis results show that indoor CO2 concentration has been reduced by 11% than outdoors after placing the plants. This study also shows the correlation between CO2 concentration and the distance from the plant using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Hence indoor vegetation can be considered a sustainable way of purifying the air and altering the microclimate of the classrooms for the well-being of the occupants. ","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of demographic transition on embodied energy consumption and typology of residential buildings: the case study of Tehran’s Region 5","authors":"Narjes Teymoori, M. Mirmoghtadaee","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.31194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.31194","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the structural characteristics of the population, such as age structure, household size, and number of households indicate shifts in the population age structure, moving from the younger towards the older populations and result in the reduction of household size. Former extended families have turned into a nuclear and even one-person household. Shifts in household status, both household composition, and household size lead to the formation of a new housing typology. It can affect the type, number, and floor area of ​​residential units as well as the amount of embodied energy used in the wet zones (kitchen, bathroom, and toilet), which are fixed, inflexible and costly areas of a residential unit. This study attempts to investigate the effect of demographic transition on the housing typology and embodied energy consumption of wet zones. The research is based on a case study: first, the changes in the population characteristics were examined by referring to the data published by the statistics Center of Iran. Then a field survey of residential buildings was started, to identify the number of floors, and the number of residential units. Then interviews with 15 developers have be conducted to investigate the significant changes in the housing typology and the common plan of the area. The common plan of residential units was then examined to assess the floor areas of wet zones and to compare their ratios to dry zones. In the next step, the amount of materials and embodied energy in each wet zone were calculated. The analysis of the reports by the statistics Center of Iran on the case study showed an age transition from the younger to the older, a decrease in the household size, and a change in the housing typology in the case study. The interview with developers and field survey on 831 land plots indicated three periods of changes in the housing typology in the case study between 1987 and 2018. During each period, in each plot of land, more residential units with fewer floor areas were built and the amount of embodied energy used by the wet zones increased. ","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71230031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Educational Space Design in Fostering Social Distancing: A Case Study of the University of Technology Buildings, Iraq","authors":"Ahmed M. Hameed Al-Delfi, Abdullah S. Salman","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.30746","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of the ongoing outbreak of epidemics, the Iraqi government ordered the temporary closure of university buildings and explicit compliance with social distancing, fearing increased infection rates among the large numbers of students. This closure, and the fear of infection, acted as an obstacle for users of educational spaces. To overcome this challenge, the study aimed to investigate the impact of educational space design on the effectiveness of social distancing to reduce the spread of epidemics. The shape, area, and furniture arrangement pattern were determined in the study of educational spaces design as a spatial configuration through the level of wayfinding and permeability. To better understand the relationship between the design of the current educational spaces and the effectiveness of social distancing, this study used a visual survey, field visits, and a quantitative method using a space syntax analysis. And the analysis was carried out on various models of educational spaces design in three elected samples of the buildings of the Technological University Baghdad, Iraq. The analysis values were represented in quantitative tables to illustrate the values of the space syntax attributes and charts showing measures of permeability and wayfinding in all the analysed models. The study results show an impact and a close relationship between the elements of educational space design as a spatial composition and the effectiveness of social distancing. This relationship is formed by the effect of the shape, space, and furniture arrangement pattern in changing the values of spatial space relationships. Furthermore, permeability and wayfinding as spatial characteristics depend on those relationships and control users’ circulation within the educational space, which is essential in determining the effectiveness of social distancing.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46585962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the Architectural Application of Nature in Improving the Quality of Semantic Depth in Iranian Urban Housing","authors":"Mohammadhossein Azizibabani, M. Bemanian","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30226","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the architectural application of nature’s (AAN) components in improving the quality of semantic depth in Iranian urban housing to determine the most effective architectural indicators in this context. This research uses a mixed methodology in terms of the data’s nature, and the research method is descriptive-analytical (causal and comparative). The components and indicators related to the AAN have been collected through the study of theoretical foundations and literature review. To determine the relationship between these components and the semantic depth variable in housing design, the method of logical reasoning has been employed. Data were collected through a questionnaire with the participation of 96 occupants of Phase 1 of Ekbatan residential town, to determine the perceived quality of research variables. The results of regression analysis on quantitative data confirm the research hypothesis regarding the key role of maintaining the principle of spatial hierarchy in increasing the possibility of understanding the semantic layers in housing that most of them exist due to the presence of various manifestations of nature.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47726068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Air and Light Quality Assessment in a University Campus Classroom","authors":"F. Aliakbari, S. T. Moghadam, P. Lombardi","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30328","url":null,"abstract":"Educational buildings should provide a secure, healthy, and comfortable indoor environment for students since they spend a noteworthy part of their time inside. The present study aims to identify and assess the key indicators related to the light and air quality of a campus classroom, which contributes to the health of students. The indicators are chosen from an existing green rating tool, the WELL Building Standard (WBS). The research methodology consists of three main phases; indicator selection, impact assessment, and validation process. The engagement of stakeholders was taken into the account in the entire research framework. The research findings showed that there is a considerable gap among the acceptable range of indoor air and the light quality of the classroom. This led to verifying various health issues among the students, including dryness and irritation of the skin and eyes, and consequently increased their dissatisfaction rate. The study provides some significant insights based on the obtained results, highlighting the importance of incorporating student health and wellness into educational building design and operations, including visual comfort and indoor air quality conditions, which are often worse than the stipulations in standards.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Window-to-Wall Ratio as a Mode of Daylight Optimization for an Educational Building with Opaque Double-Skin Façade","authors":"O. C. Dewi, Kartika Rahmasari, T. Hanjani, A. Ismoyo, A. Dugar","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29744","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR) and Shading Coefficients (SC) as passive design strategies to optimise daylight in an opaque brick Double-Skin Façade (DSF) of an education building in Depok, Indonesia. A sample education building was simulated with DiaLux software for calculating the daylight distribution due to WWR on a daily basis during normal office hours. The optimum amount of window size and glazing were investigated for a typical floor plate area of 315.16m2. WWR was considered from 30% to 60% at 10% intervals in a horizontal and vertical expanding method of window. The simulations were performed in two sky conditions (sunny sky and standard CIE overcast sky) on different dates using glazing material of different SC. The primary findings of this study are that 40% WWR with SC 0.42 and 60% WWR with SC 0.95 achieve the best results for the north and south façade respectively of a DSF building.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46939542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Adaptive Reuse in the Context of Sustainability: Cases from Kastamonu, Türkiye","authors":"Filiz Karakuş","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.30555","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in today's living and comfort conditions negatively affect the use of historical buildings in accordance with their original functions, and as a result, these buildings can become idle. It is very important to preserve and maintain the original identities of historical buildings, as they carry the accumulation of the period in which they were built, which is an important element of the urban identity. With the adaptive reuse method, historical buildings that have lost their original functions are given a function again, these structures are revived, and their sustainability is ensured. This study uses the survey data of five historical khans in Kastamonu to reveal the success of adaptive reuse practices and their contribution to the sustainability of the historical environment. It includes analyzes made in the sample area, on-site examinations and observations, archive and literature review. The research shows that some of the adaptive reuses are made without considering the spatial and structural features of the existing structures and that the applications are not suitable for the material and color texture of the structures. For this reason, adaptive reuse studies should be well analyzed and implemented by authorized institutions and organizations both in the project and restoration stages. The study is important in terms of determining criteria for evaluating adaptive reuse in terms of international standards and evaluating adaptive reuse applications in Kastamonu historical city center within the framework of these criteria and emphasizing the problems.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45037914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Acupuncture as a Method of Open Space Regeneration in Greek Ex-Refugee Areas. The Case of Nikea, Piraeus","authors":"Evgenia Tousi, M. Sinou, Antonia Perouli","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29423","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the potential of implementing the principles of urban acupuncture in a selected Greek case study, taking into account international experience in the field. The research includes literature review and field work. The area of study is Nikea, an ex-refugee urban area in the Attica metropolitan region. It was founded during the 1930s to host refugees from Asia Minor. The initial Hippodamian grid offers beneficial intermediate communal spaces inside each city block and there are also larger green spaces in proximity.  However, the area suffers from urban blight owed largely to the poor quality of preservation of the old refugee housing estates. A mixture of factors contributes to the complex contemporary situation characterized by opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, there is great potential for regenerating the existing intermediate communal spaces and on the other decaying refugee houses and vulnerable households intricate the already convoluted situation. The paper provides cartographic depiction and categorization of the existing open  spaces highlighting also contemporary socio-spatial challenges and market driven limitations. The research describes the obstacles that hinder the activation of “urban sensitive points” in terms of urban acupuncture, also advocating for possible solutions.  The paper opens dialogue on the Greek case study in terms of urban acupuncture with the view to suggest strategies to foster socio-spatial cohesion in degraded ex -refugee urban areas. This is a pilot case study with further application in other post-refugee urban areas in Greece that share common socio-spatial attributes. Thus, the topic of the paper may have a greater impact within the Greek urban context.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48530690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Sustainable Architecture: Mind-Mapping Development of Ideas and Expression","authors":"Indre Grazuleviciute Vileniske, Aurelija Daugėlaitė","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.29829","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on the historical development of sustainable architecture. The study highlights the dynamic interrelation between ethics and aesthetics, it identifies the key concepts, trends that are relevant today in order to achieve harmonious co-existence between humans and nature. The article consists of six chapters that chronologically highlight the important developmental turns of environmentally oriented architecture: 1-collision between industrial and natural in the 19th and early 20th centuries, 2-at the edge of the modern movement, 3-environmental awakening in 1960s – 1970s, 4-the wind of change in 1980s, 5-the rise of sustainable architecture in 1990s and the emerging complexity of design, 6-sustainability in architecture as a global phenomenon. The concluding section summarizes and generalizes the findings. It also presents the existing problems, offering insights for the future development. The methodology of the research includes literature review, critical analysis, comparative analysis, and systematization. The mind mapping technique and timeline construction are applied as tools in the study to extract the core ideas and developmental shifts from the linear historical analysis.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44442481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous Ceramics Produced from Glass and Clay","authors":"P. Tihomirovs, A. Korjakins","doi":"10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.27604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.30.1.27604","url":null,"abstract":"Porous ceramics as sustainable material can become and, in some industries, already are used to achieve environmental applications considering their properties. Research on important composition properties helps to identify the best product to be used in construction industry with a priority of a minimum number of raw materials and simplest and energy-efficient technology during production process. The elaborated research identifies compositions with glass waste, clay, and soot with minimum volume density within the range of chosen product line. Water absorption, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength were researched to identify possible applications of elaborated material in construction industry.","PeriodicalId":36795,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}