{"title":"The Debts of War","authors":"R. Sprenkels","doi":"10.3167/arcs.2019.050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2019.050106","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines mobilization by civil war veterans of the insurgency and the government army. These veterans became a major political force in postwar El Salvador. I demonstrate that the ascendency of the war veterans hinged on the combination of two types of mobilization: “internal” mobilization for partisan leverage, and public mobilization to place claims on the state. By this bifurcated mobilization, veterans from both sides of the war pursued clientelist benefits and postwar political influence. Salvadoran veterans’ struggles for recognition revolve around attempts to transform what the veterans perceive as the “debts of war” into postwar political order. The case of El Salvador highlights the versatility and resilience of veterans’ struggles in post- settlement contexts in which contention shifted from military confrontation to electoral competition.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74911482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seeking Recognition, Becoming Citizens","authors":"J. Söderström","doi":"10.3167/arcs.2019.050111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2019.050111","url":null,"abstract":"How do former combatants understand and make themselves into a citizen category? Through exploring the life narratives of former combatants from three different wars (Namibia, Colombia, and United States–Vietnam), this article locates similarities in the claims for recognition. The achievements or the grievances associated with the war and their homecoming made them deserving of special recognition from the state, the country, or other veterans. These claims situate these veterans in a political landscape, where they are called upon to mend and affirm the relation with the state, achieve recognition from society, and defend their fellows, which inform their citizenship practices, as it shaped their political mobilization and perceived political status. Through seeking recognition, they affirm their role as citizens.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78607376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating the Politics of Anxiety","authors":"M. Johansen","doi":"10.3167/ARCS.2018.040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ARCS.2018.040102","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how Danish police officers and social workers involved in countering violent extremism (CVE) seek to cope with the possibility of public moral outrage being directed at the welfare state when issues of security and integration arise. In such cases, state officials are faced with a difficult dilemma: on the one hand, they could be blamed for inefficient casework if there is a terror attack. On the other hand, the target group could perceive their intervention as outrageous, in which case it may end up producing the violence that it purports to prevent. The response to this dilemma is a dynamic shift between early and intense intervention on the one hand, and hesitation and “pulling back” from intervention on the other. I suggest that this dynamic response plays a crucial role in risk assessment and decision-making processes related to CVE efforts in Denmark.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87971594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Administrating Violence through Coal Ash Policies and Practices","authors":"E. Eldridge","doi":"10.3167/ARCS.2018.040109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ARCS.2018.040109","url":null,"abstract":"Coal ash, the waste generated at coal-burning power plants, is one of the\u0000largest waste streams in the United States, and it contains a range of contaminants,\u0000including arsenic and mercury. Disasters at coal ash waste sites in recent years have\u0000led to increased public scrutiny of coal ash in communities and have sparked policy\u0000debates, lawsuits, and complaints throughout the country. With emphasis on federal\u0000and state coal ash policies since the 1970s, this article highlights the synthesis of government\u0000and corporate power in coal ash politics, and the bureaucratic processes affecting\u0000communities near coal ash sites. Based on ethnographic research following the 2008\u0000Tennessee Valley Authority coal ash disaster, as well as preliminary research on the\u0000“social life” of coal ash in North Carolina, this article specifically offers ethnographic\u0000insight into the lived experiences of social and ecological violence created, perpetuated,\u0000and normalized through bureaucratic processes.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72693707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives from the Ground","authors":"Jaymelee J. Kim","doi":"10.3167/ARCS.2018.040110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ARCS.2018.040110","url":null,"abstract":"While traditionally underrepresented in transitional justice studies, anthropological\u0000study of culture, ethnography, and processes can contribute valuable insight\u0000into colonial bureaucracies and dynamics of power. This article uses an ethnographic\u0000approach and a colonial bureaucratic violence theoretical foundation to analyze negative\u0000perceptions of transitional justice at the ground level. Participants included facilitators,\u0000government officials, nonprofit organizations, and Indigenous community\u0000members; research occurred during implementation of transitional justice (2011–2014) for a period of 12 months. Specifically, I argue that the relationship between\u0000transitional justice and colonial bureaucratic violence encourages negative views of\u0000transitional justice. Instead, ethnographic data first reveals that bureaucratic processes\u0000within transitional justice challenge Indigenous identities. Second, Indigenous survivors\u0000in British Columbia, Canada, largely view transitional justice on a continuum of\u0000colonial bureaucratic violence. Using a colonial bureaucratic violence framework, this\u0000article provides insight and nuance into perceptions of transitional justice at the local\u0000level.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82406973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Danger, Moral Opacity, and Outrage","authors":"Tone Sommerfelt","doi":"10.3167/ARCS.2018.040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ARCS.2018.040103","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores hostile narratives and moral outrage in the context of\u0000rising conflict in urban Mali, with a specific emphasis on religious and spatial politics\u0000in Bamako. Based on ethnographic observations, interviews, and group discussions,\u0000the article examines the specific forms that moral outrage may take in contexts of insecurity\u0000and an imminent threat of violence. It argues that moral outrage concerns the\u0000transgression of values that are intrinsic to moral being. In the Mali setting, moral\u0000outrage emerges as justifiable when people fail, or refuse, to make visible or prove their\u0000moral being. Suspected ill-doers are ascribed economic, political, and religious agendas\u0000that threaten what it means to be Muslim and that violate the value of the mutual\u0000solidarity of the Muslim community and of the nation. At the same time, the public\u0000expression of moral outrage contributes to a broader negotiation of identities and\u0000state-society relationships.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86897490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Afterword","authors":"P. Hervik","doi":"10.3167/arcs.2018.040107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2018.040107","url":null,"abstract":"This afterword offers reflections on some major points of this section concerning\u0000the generative power linking moral outrage to political violence. The authors\u0000have successfully taken up a topic of immense relevance and urgency in contemporary\u0000society. Their efforts are a first important step to address this from an empirical, analytical,\u0000and theoretical framework. In the afterword, I seek to add further perspectives\u0000to some of the findings, including a focus on moral outrage that situates it not strictly\u0000within personality as a preexisting universal that waits for someone to wake it up but\u0000rather in an approach to emotions as embedded within cultural understandings with\u0000an emphasis on the strategic side of the production of moral outrage in creating both\u0000positive and negative change.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88315665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expressions of Duress on Facebook by Chadian Urban Youth in the Diaspora and N’Djaména","authors":"M. de Bruijn","doi":"10.3167/arcs.2018.040119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2018.040119","url":null,"abstract":"Africa is at the lower end of internet use, but Facebook connectivity is rapidly\u0000increasing, linking diaspora and local people in mainly urban regions in Africa.\u0000A survey conducted in N’Djaména revealed that 1 in 10 people uses Facebook, which\u0000is an important platform for these connected Chadians to express feelings, write\u0000thoughts, and create networks (i.e., to create a social life). In countries where daily conflict, oppression, insecurity, and mistrust pervade social life, posts and messages engage\u0000with these circumstances in a certain dialogue, which can be understood as an expression\u0000of duress. This article follows three Facebook users from both the diaspora and\u0000N’Djaména, and I position their Facebook expressions and actions in the context of\u0000their personal lives in contemporary Chadian political and connectivity history. Facebook\u0000appears to be an escape route from the reality of duress, and a form of practical\u0000action coupled with political agency.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85571415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Violence, Development, and Canada’s New Transnational Jurisprudence","authors":"E. Echeverry","doi":"10.3167/ARCS.2018.040113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ARCS.2018.040113","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, Canadian-based corporate development projects have been linked to acts of violence in countries all over the world. These acts include sexual violence, destruction of property, community displacement, the use of forced labor, and other forms of violence. While Canada has repeatedly failed to pass legislation holding Canadian-based corporations accountable for human rights abuses committed abroad, Canadian courts are increasingly asserting their jurisdiction over cases of development-related violence. Analyzing two ongoing court cases—Caal v. Hudbay, regarding sexual violence in Guatemala, and Araya v. Nevsun, regarding forced labor in Eritrea— this article examines the potential and limits of law to address the bureaucratic mechanisms and grounded experiences of corporate-development-related violence, and the changing relationship between states, corporations, law, and human rights in the modern global era.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87631097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Many Layers of Moral Outrage","authors":"Nerina Weiss","doi":"10.3167/ARCS.2018.040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/ARCS.2018.040105","url":null,"abstract":"This article takes the expressions of moral outrage in an illegal demonstration\u0000in Norway as a point of entry to explore how the political unfolds in Kurdish diasporic\u0000spaces. The premise for this analysis is that moral outrage among pro-Kurdish\u0000activists is an enduring, intergenerational process, the expression of which displays a\u0000multitemporality and multidirectionality. In order to explore the many layers of moral\u0000outrage this article proposes an analysis along the literature of political ritual and performance,\u0000which focuses on signification, symbolism, identity constructions, and the\u0000importance of audiences. I argue that Kurdish activists consciously perform their moral\u0000outrage to position themselves in relation to their host country, other Kurdish activists\u0000in Norway, and the larger transnational Kurdish community in Europe. As such, moral\u0000outrage turns out to be central in the enactment of Kurdish diaspora politics.","PeriodicalId":36783,"journal":{"name":"Conflict and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72599724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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