Liver Research最新文献

{"title":"A simplified and reproducible ex vivo model of cold and ischemia-reperfusion injury","authors":"Lele Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingjie Ding ,&nbsp;Ying Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiping Yan ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both cold stress and ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly contribute to poor prognosis after liver transplantation (LT). However, limited animal models incorporating both stimuli hinder the advancement of transplant-related research. Here, a simplified and reproducible isolated perfused liver model is established to simulate the stresses experienced by livers maximally during transplantation. We provide a detailed protocol for a straightforward technique that requires 20–30 min for harvesting, 24–48 h for static cold storage (SCS), and 2 h for normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to induce LT-like stresses in the liver. Hepatic injury from SCS and NMP (LT-like stresses) is evaluated using three types of parameters. The pH values and hepatic enzyme levels of cold preservation solutions and perfusate serve as dynamic indicators of hepatic injury. Bile production and portal venous resistance directly reflect liver function, whereas pathological analysis visually illustrates the location and extent of injury. This animal model eliminates the influence of hemodynamic and immune factors, yielding highly reproducible results, and is strongly recommended as a standardized animal model for inducing LT-like stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Protect Liver Day 2025 in China: Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine to Reverse Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"Cuicui Shi,&nbsp;Jiangao Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 186-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-coding RNAs in alcohol-associated liver disease","authors":"Ge Zeng ,&nbsp;Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Yanchao Jiang ,&nbsp;Nazmul Huda ,&nbsp;Themis Thoudam ,&nbsp;Zhihong Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Ma ,&nbsp;Jian Sun ,&nbsp;Suthat Liangpunsakul","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), encompassing microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and cellular function. In alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), chronic alcohol consumption disrupts the expression and function of ncRNAs in the liver and circulation, contributing to the disease's pathogenesis and progression. Dysregulated ncRNAs influence key pathways involved in hepatocyte injury, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, thereby exacerbating steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles play a pivotal role in mediating ncRNA-driven intercellular communication, amplifying liver damage and fibrosis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs in ALD, with a focus on their mechanistic contributions to disease development and progression. Additionally, we discuss the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, emphasizing their translational relevance in addressing the burden of ALD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for liver aging","authors":"Huan Niu ,&nbsp;Yan-Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Ding ,&nbsp;Yu-Qing Lin ,&nbsp;Jian Qin ,&nbsp;Jian-Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the physiological integrity of cells, tissues, and organs, resulting in a decrease in the body’s physiological functions and an acceleration of the onset of age-related diseases, ultimately leading to death. The aging of the liver, which is a critical metabolic organ, is closely linked to various chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, and it exacerbates their prognosis and is a primary risk factor for their development at all stages. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the causes, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets associated with liver aging holds significant clinical importance for delaying or potentially reversing liver aging and for treating chronic liver diseases. Stem cells, which are potential anti-aging agents, present a promising and effective alternative for managing liver aging. In this review, we systematically assess the driving factors, characteristics, and underlying mechanisms of liver aging. We then discuss the current status of the use of stem cells to mitigate liver senescence and address related liver diseases. The review reveals that a stem cell-based approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for combating liver aging and associated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 118-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae reduces HFD-induced MAFLD in mice through activated AMPK-mediated inhibition of fatty acid synthesis","authors":"Ke Zheng ,&nbsp;Ruishuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yijing Xin ,&nbsp;Yuge Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Lin ,&nbsp;Weifan Huang ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Xuehua Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoni Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common chronic condition that can lead to cancer due to its complex pathogenesis. Therapeutic agents targeting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation have been suggested as potential treatments for metabolic disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM) has been clinically used to treat obesity-related health problems, but its therapeutic effects on MAFLD and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the function and underlying mechanism of RAM in the treatment of MAFLD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The effect of RAM decoction on MAFLD was evaluated using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mouse model. <em>In vitro</em> studies were conducted using a palmitic acid/oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation model in the alpha mouse liver 12 cells and RAM-containing serum. The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through a combination of network pharmacology analysis, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and polymerase chain reaction analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Administration of RAM decoction significantly reduced body weight gain in MAFLD mice without changing food intake. The weights of the liver and inguinal adipose tissues were also reduced after RAM treatment. Additionally, RAM administration decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose, while reducing lipid droplet accumulation in the liver tissues of MAFLD mice. The underlying mechanisms included the activation of the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and inhibition of the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). However, RAM did not alter the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α. Furthermore, the RAM-induced upregulation of phosphorylated AMPK, phosphorylated ACC, and SREBP1 expression, as well as the downregulation of fatty acid synthase expression, were reversed by using an AMPK inhibitor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Through a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation, we demonstrated that RAM may exert therapeutic effects on MAFLD by inhibiting lipid synthesis and activating phosphorylated AMPK pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-PD-1 synergizes with RFA to suppress abscopal tumors and induce durable memory against recurrence in HCC","authors":"Kai Lei ,&nbsp;Shuang Li ,&nbsp;Jiale Chen ,&nbsp;Zebin Chen ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Xuezhen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the first-line treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, recurrence after curative RFA remains a significant challenge for HCC patients. Although RFA induces an immune response, the anti-tumor effect is often limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Enhancing anti-tumor immunity is essential to improve treatment efficacy and prevent recurrence. In this study, we explore the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the combination of RFA and anti-PD-1 in suppressing abscopal and recurrent tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We established a bilateral subcutaneous HCC mouse model and performed complete RFA on the right-flank tumor. Anti-PD-1 or anti-IgG was administered post-RFA. Tumor growth, immune cell profiles, and molecular pathways were assessed using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry staining, RNA-sequencing, and Western blot. Chemokines released by the tumor were detected by ELISA. An <em>in vivo</em> tumor rechallenge experiment was performed after a complete tumor regression to evaluate the immune memory induced by the RFA+anti-PD-1 treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RFA combined with anti-PD-1 significantly suppressed abscopal tumor growth and prolonged survival. Compared with RFA monotherapy, the infiltration of CD8⁺T cells and dendritic cells was significantly increased in the combined treatment group, while PMN-MDSCs were markedly reduced. Mechanistically, the chemokine signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were activated in the tumor of the RFA+anti-PD-1 group with upregulation of CXCL10 to recruit CD8⁺T cells. In addition, the combination therapy induced durable immune memory that inhibited rechallenge tumor outgrowth.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study discovered that RFA combined with anti-PD-1 induced anti-tumor immunity to inhibit abscopal tumors and durable immune memory to prevent recurrence, suggesting RFA+anti-PD-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for multifocal HCC and preventing recurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the coexistence of Wilson’s disease and chronic hepatitis B: A retrospective propensity score matched study for improving clinical practice","authors":"Jiahui Pang ,&nbsp;Shuru Chen ,&nbsp;Yingfu Zeng,&nbsp;Yutian Chong,&nbsp;Weiqiang Gan,&nbsp;Xinhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Early and accurate diagnosis of the coexistence of Wilson’s disease (WD) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) presents a significant challenge for clinicians. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse the characteristics of such patients to improve clinical practice and provide a reference for clinical management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From January 2011 to December 2022, 35 patients with concurrent CHB and WD (CHB + WD group) were identified. A total of 127 patients with CHB (CHB group) and 168 patients with WD (WD group) were included in the control group between January 2016 and December 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the baseline values between groups. The Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival analysis and log-rank test were performed to compare the prognoses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the cohort of 35 patients with concurrent CHB and WD, 74.3% of patients (26 patients) faced a substantial delay of up to 10 years (range: 0–40 years) in WD diagnosis following their CHB diagnosis. Twenty-three (65.7%) patients had cirrhosis at the time of WD diagnosis, and 26 (74.3%) patients experienced liver failure. The levels of serum copper and uric acid were lower in patients in the CHB + WD group than in those in the CHB group. Patients in the CHB + WD group presented higher alanine transaminase and total bile acid levels compared to those in the WD group. K–M survival analysis indicated that patients with CHB and WD had poorer outcomes than those with CHB alone; however, the outcomes were similar to those of individuals with WD alone. The optimal cut-point of serum ceruloplasmin (CP) in identifying WD in CHB patients was 0.10 g/L before PSM and after PSM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The present study emphasizes the importance of clinicians being vigilant for concurrent CHB and WD diagnoses, as delays in WD diagnosis may adversely affect patient outcomes. CHB patients with serum CP below 0.10 g/L are highly recommended to screen for WD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 2","pages":"Pages 169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with chronic hepatitis B under nucleos(t)ide analog therapy with Omicron BA.5 infection: A retrospective study in South China","authors":"Peipei Wang ,&nbsp;Junjian Chen ,&nbsp;Dabiao Chen ,&nbsp;Ziying Lei ,&nbsp;Zhishuo Mo ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Clinical data regarding patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after Omicron BA.5 infection are currently limited. This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with CHB and Omicron BA.5 infection in South China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study was conducted from January to March 2023 in a cohort of 485 healthy individuals and 553 patients with CHB. Clinical features, encompassing COVID-19-related symptoms, levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies, vaccination status, liver functions, and virological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>COVID-19-related symptom patterns were similar in both groups, except for fever, which was notably less prevalent (85.4% <em>vs.</em> 90.4%, <em>P</em> = 0.047) among patients with CHB who experienced a significantly shorter duration of fever (median 2.2 (25th–75th percentile, 1.0–3.0) days <em>vs.</em> 2.3 (1.0–3.0) days, <em>P</em> = 0.048) and a shorter time for symptom relief (9.2 (5.0–14.0) <em>vs.</em> 11.1 (5.0–14.0) days, <em>P</em> = 0.015). The levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were comparable between the two groups but increased after booster vaccinations. In patients with CHB, globulin (GLB) and hepatitis B envelope antibody levels were significantly increased after Omicron BA.5 infection, regardless of nucleos(t)ide analog regimens comparing entecavir (ETV) with tenofovir (TFV). Patients with CHB treated with TFV had significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those treated with ETV (1065.1 (346.9–1188.5) COI <em>vs.</em> 765.5 (24.5–1119.1) COI, <em>P</em> = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>No significant exacerbation of COVID-19 symptoms was observed in conjunction with the efficacy of COVID-19 booster vaccinations. There were no notable alterations in liver functions except for GLB. HBV reactivation, as evidenced by increased HBV DNA, was observed among patients with CHB after Omicron BA.5 infection. These changes were not affected by ETV versus TFV administration; however, TFV resulted in a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. Further studies are required to improve care and therapeutics for patients with CHB who contracted COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An 82-year-old recipient of split liver transplantation worldwide: A case report","authors":"Xiao Feng ,&nbsp;Binsheng Fu ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Kaining Zeng ,&nbsp;Huimin Yi ,&nbsp;Shuhong Yi ,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Split liver transplantation (SLT) has become an indispensable method for expanding the donor liver pool. However, advanced age in recipients can have significant adverse effects on prognosis. We report the case of an 82-year-old man with chronic liver failure and polycystic liver disease who underwent <em>in vivo</em> split right triple lobe donor liver transplantation on October 29, 2021. The patient made a remarkable recovery and was discharged 1 month after surgery. To date, he has been followed up for 32 months, with favorable laboratory and imaging test results, and no significant abnormalities or complications. Currently, this patient may be the oldest SLT recipient in the world. With comprehensive preoperative evaluation, optimized surgical techniques, and individually tailored postoperative care, older adults can safely undergo SLT. Therefore, advanced age should not be considered an absolute contraindication for this procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 74-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic comparison between pulmonary metastasectomy and combination immunotherapy with targeted molecular therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis: A propensity score matching analysis","authors":"Juxian Sun ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiandong Tao ,&nbsp;Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Hai Jin ,&nbsp;Shuqun Cheng ,&nbsp;Huazheng Shi ,&nbsp;Maolin Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.livres.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pulmonary metastasis (PM) has a poor prognosis, and optimal treatment strategies remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with advanced HCC with PM who were treated with resection of pulmonary metastases versus those treated with targeted therapies combined with immunotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of HCC patients with PM who underwent either pulmonary metastasectomy or immunotherapy combined with targeted therapies at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Fujian Provincial Hospital, and West China Hospital of Sichuan University from September 2013 to October 2022. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control the influence of potential confounders, and the survival outcomes were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 119 HCC patients with PM were included in this study. The overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy was significantly longer than that of patients who received immunotherapy targeted combinations (OS: 1-year, 80.0% <em>vs.</em> 59.3%; 2-year, 31.7% <em>vs.</em> 20.3%; 3-year, 20.0% <em>vs.</em> 0; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). After PSM, the long-term prognosis of the pulmonary metastasectomy group remained significantly better than that of the immunotherapy combination group (OS: 1-year, 87.0% <em>vs.</em> 69.6%; 2-year, 34.8% <em>vs.</em> 30.4%; 3-year, 21.7% <em>vs.</em> 0; <em>P</em> = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that treatment allocation (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.177, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.068–4.439) and hepatic tumor T stage (HR = 2.342, 95% CI = 1.209–4.538) were independent risk factors for OS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pulmonary metastasectomy was associated with improved survival compared to immunotherapy combined with targeted therapies and may represent an optimal treatment option for highly selected HCC patients with resectable PM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36741,"journal":{"name":"Liver Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"Pages 29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}