{"title":"InSAR Remote Sensing Over Decorrelating Terrains: Persistent Scattering Methods","authors":"H. Zebker, P. Shankar, A. Hooper","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374307","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, or InSAR, is a visual geodetic technique permitting detailed mapping of motion over wide areas. InSAR has been limited to regions without much vegetation, which shields the ground from the radar signals and contributes random motions to the observed deformation. The resulting \"decorrelation\" of the echoes precludes accurate displacement measurements in these areas. Decorrelation also occurs in interferograms with acquisitions separated too far in the sky. Yet certain points, denoted persistent scatterers, in a radar image are stable, do not decorrelate, and form a network of fiducial points that allow measurements in otherwise poor-quality interferograms. We have generalized an algorithm to find networks of stable points in natural terrain, rather than in urban areas, and applied the method to spaceborne satellite data. Using modern information theory to optimize persistent scatterer detection, we can now find many, many more such points than previously possible. We have applied this improved algorithm to the San Francisco Bay segments of the San Andreas and Hayward faults, and in both cases find that a large number of stable points are seen in the vegetated areas that have to date resisted InSAR analysis. Our method of integrating information theoretic estimation and detection theory to all parts of the method, improves the identification, filtering, and phase unwrapping of the observations. Identification of stable true-ground scattering points permits mapping of subtle surface motions and deformations and also of \"bare-Earth\" topography.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133616557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adapting the Clean Deconvolver and Clean Detector to Doppler Uncertainty","authors":"T. Foreman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374236","url":null,"abstract":"This paper extends the author's work on the CLEAN algorithm. In the previous paper the author develops the CLEAN Deconvolver and CLEAN Detector that each has their optimality claims. In this paper the CLEAN Deconvolver and the CLEAN Detector are extended to the situation of unknown Doppler. Results presented show that good performance can still be achieved when the Doppler is unknown.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133990582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Quasi-Orthogonal Waveforms","authors":"B. Keel, T. Heath","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374202","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi-orthogonal waveforms which exhibit low cross-correlation responses have the potential to enhance radar performance. Intra-pulse, phase coded or frequency modulated waveforms, sharing the same frequency band, are of greatest interest. A review of quasi-orthogonal waveform design and performance is presented including bounds on auto and cross-correlation performance.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130564811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Abramovich, M. Rangaswamy, B.A. Johnson, P. Corbell, N. Spencer
{"title":"Time-varying autoregressive adaptive filtering for airborne radar applications","authors":"Y. Abramovich, M. Rangaswamy, B.A. Johnson, P. Corbell, N. Spencer","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374296","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate time-varying autoregressive models of order m (TVAR(m)) are introduced based on the Dym-Gohberg band extension technique for finite operator-valued matrices. For particular side-looking airborne radar scenarios (based on the KASSPER-II data set) and novel optimal time-varying transmit antenna pattern control, we demonstrate that model mismatch losses associated with relatively small TVAR order m (m ~ 4 to 8), are quite low (1.5 to 3 dB) inside the azimuth-Doppler range of interest, and allow for significant reduction in training sample support.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121912880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factored Multiplicative Mismatched Filters for Compound Barker Codes","authors":"I. Sarkar, A. Fam","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374276","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, factored multiplicative mismatched filters for compound Barker codes are presented. It is based on factored representations of compound codes in the z-domain. The mismatched filter for the compound code is expressed as a cascade of the mismatched filters of the component codes. Multiplicative mismatched filters, recently introduced by the authors, are used as the filters for the component codes. The proposed filters are not optimal for the given filter length, but, due to their structured implementation, use fewer additions and multiplications per output than the length-optimal filters to achieve a given mainlobe to sidelobe ratio (MSR). Results are shown for various compound Barker codes.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122109174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 94 GHz OFDM Frequency Scanning Radar for Autonomous Landing Guidance","authors":"K. V. Caekenberghe, K. Brakora, Kamal Sarabandi","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374222","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous landing guidance (ALG) is an airborne navigation radar developed by BAE Systems North America in collaboration with MBDA UK. The 94 GHz ALG radar reduces dependence on ground-based instrument landing system (ILS) and space-borne GPS in landing the aircraft by allowing pilots to map the runway even under adverse weather conditions. In this paper, a novel 94 GHz orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frequency scanning radar (FSR) concept is presented, which offers potential cost and size reductions over the legacy design.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"S- and X-Band Radar Transmit/Receive Module Overview","authors":"B. Kopp","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374347","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss pertinent issues and trends for S-band and X-band transmit/receive (T/R) modules. The performance of gallium arsenide (GaAs) T/R module components and wide bandgap power amplifiers will be presented along with future challenges. T/R module cost will also be addressed with an emphasis on semiconductor cost factors and issues. Finally, a discussion of packaging and assembly technologies will be provided.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124803075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ionospheric Propagation Effects on Ground and Space Based Radars","authors":"D. Knepp, M. Hausman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374341","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the application of EM propagation theory to account for observations of scintillation from equatorial satellite beacon and radar measurements of transionospheric propagation. Satellite beacon measurements from the wideband satellite experiment are used to calculate the degradation caused by scintillation in the radar coherent integration process. Coherent integration will be required in any space based radar to achieve separation in Doppler of moving targets from the large return of the earth. Measurements of ionospheric scintillation in the equatorial region taken with the VHF/UHF ALTAIR radar in the Marshall Islands are described. These measurements support the use of the strong scatter limit of the parabolic wave equation that accounts for certain features of the observations. A technique is illustrated to calculate realizations or sample functions of wide bandwidth radar signals that have passed through the ionosphere. This technique gives realizations that are consistent with the ALTAIR observations. Results are given for radar performance of target detection for several different radar signal combining techniques.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129118832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solution to Linear Inverse Problem with MMV having Linearly Varying Sparsity Structure","authors":"Y. Zhang, Q. Wan, W.L. Yang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374287","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an extension to current algorithms dealing with inverse problem is considered. In stead of that invariant sparse profile of the solution vectors is concerned, we mainly focus on the problem with linearly varying sparse structures. Two methods are proposed to solve the linear inverse problem with the unknown linearly varying sparse structure by using MMV. In order to adapt to the linearly varying sparse profile of the solutions, one method, named LMMV (Linearly-MMV), introduces a new parameter and makes use of circular shift matrix to convert the new problem to the one with invariant sparse profile and new iterative algorithm is derived in principle of existing methods. Another method, named WMMV (Wide-MMV), attributes the change of the sparse structure of the solution vectors to the inaccuracy caused by the chosen dictionary and combines several rows of the dictionary together, which is equivalent to find a lower dimensional sparse solution and in turn gives a more robust algorithm. Numerical experiments with random dictionaries and applications to direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation verify the validation of the proposed two methods and their superiority to some existing methods is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hitchhiking bistatic radar: principles, processing and experimental findings","authors":"T. Johnsen, K. E. Olsen","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2007.374271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2007.374271","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental low cost bistatic hitchhiking radar has been developed at FFI utilizing the transmission of a civilian ATC radar. It uses off-the-shelf components in the receiver to produce close to real time traces of targets of opportunity. The processing enables positioning in 2D with good suppression of nearby clutter by continuously monitoring the clutter variation.","PeriodicalId":367078,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117026595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}