Shoulder and Elbow最新文献

{"title":"To ski or not to ski? A meta-analysis of more than 750,000 upper extremity injuries comparing skiing and snowboarding.","authors":"Aline Chauffard, Aurélien Traverso, Gwenaël Kaminski, Jolanda Elmers, Olivier Borens, Frédéric Vauclair","doi":"10.1177/17585732251326905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732251326905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alpine skiing has seen advancements in equipment since the year 2000, with the appearance of ski carving. Its impact on upper extremity injuries has yet to be proven. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the epidemiology of upper extremity injuries in alpine skiing and snowboarding, its chronological evolution in the last two decades, and the impact of carving.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search in PubMed was conducted including studies from 1939 to 2024. The search strategy used text words and relevant indexing to identify articles discussing upper extremity injuries associated with those activities while providing statistical and epidemiological data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>77 studies including a total of 764,423 patients were analysed. The most commonly injured upper extremity segments are the shoulder (37%) for skiing and the wrist (36%) for snowboarding. The main upper extremity dislocation is glenohumeral (36%) for skiing and the elbow (46%) for snowboarding. Hand injuries are significantly more prevalent while skiing, but the rest of the upper extremity injuries are significantly more prevalent with snowboarding.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The time trends from the year 2000 and on have shown a significant increase in upper extremity injuries with ski carving. Snowboarding injury epidemiology has not significantly changed in this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251326905"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of Grammont style reverse shoulder arthroplasty at a minimum of 10-year follow-up: A survival analysis.","authors":"Sophie J Donoghue, Mark G Williams, Eleanor G Burden, Jamie East, Timothy J Batten, Eleanor Pearce, Jonathan P Evans, Christopher D Smith","doi":"10.1177/17585732251331474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732251331474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is an established and successful treatment for rotator cuff tear arthropathy. Despite increased popularity, there is a paucity of long-term survivorship data and patient-reported outcome measures. This study aimed to establish the survival at a minimum 10-year follow-up for a Grammont-style reverse shoulder prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single centre, retrospective case series of 101 primary RSAs in 86 patients, performed between 1999 and 2012 was conducted. The primary outcome measure was all-cause revision. Implant survivorship analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method was conducted. Deaths were censored. Secondary outcomes included up-to-date Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) in surviving patients, historic OSS scores over time and radiological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 76 years (SD ± 7.29) at time of surgery. The 10-year implant survival was 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.8-98.6). The mean OSS was 33 (range 17-48, 95% CI 29.1-36.9) with a minimum of 10-year follow-up (<i>n</i> = 21). Radiographic review showed scapular notching in 79% of implants over 10 years old, but no radiolucency around humeral implants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of RSA survivorship is high at 93.2% at 10 years. Most patients died with their primary implant <i>in-situ</i>. Functional outcome scores were less predictable over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251331474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in shoulder range of motion and muscle strength, and upper limb performance immediately after participation in throwing and racket sports: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jayne Pereira Silva, Vander Gava, Alessandra Pereira Ribeiro, Rodrigo Scattone Silva, Danilo Harudy Kamonseki, Germanna Medeiros Barbosa","doi":"10.1177/17585732251327677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732251327677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review studies investigating alterations in shoulder range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and upper limb performance immediately following participation in throwing or racket sports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted in MEDLINE via Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies assessing changes in shoulder ROM, muscle strength, and upper limb performance immediately after exposure to throwing or racket sports were selected. The Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After Studies (NIH) was used to quantify the risk of bias. Meta-analyses were conducted to verify clinical changes in the selected outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9149 records were identified, and 27 were included in the meta-analysis. There was a decrease in internal rotation (IR) ROM of the shoulder (SMD: 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22, 0.79) and throwing speed (SMD: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.70) immediately after participation in throwing sports, while no significant changes were observed in racket sports.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to real or simulated matches reduced IR ROM and ball speed in throwers but not in racket sports athletes. These results will assist clinicians in planning strategies to mitigate the decreases in sports performance in these athletes between matches.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251327677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between kinetic chain factors and the presence of shoulder pain in the non-athletic population.","authors":"Hilmaynne Renaly Fonseca Fialho, Romário Nóbrega Santos Fonseca, Rodrigo Scattone Silva, Alessandra Pereira Ribeiro, Paulo Henrique Chagas Nascimento, Danilo Harudy Kamonseki, Germanna Medeiros Barbosa","doi":"10.1177/17585732251328338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732251328338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The proximal-distal energy transfer between body segments occurs through the kinetic chain. Although some kinetic chain aspects have been investigated in individuals not engaged in sports, their relationship with shoulder pain in this population remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to verify associations between kinetic chain factors and the presence of shoulder pain in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lumbopelvic stability (single-leg bridge test); active range of motion of the shoulder, trunk, and hip; and isometric peak strength of shoulder, trunk, hip, and knee muscles were assessed. A multivariate binary logistic regression analyzed the likelihood of shoulder pain based on these clinical results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty individuals (26.3 ± 10.4 years, 19 with shoulder pain) were assessed. The isometric strength of trunk extensor muscles significantly influenced the regression model (odds ratio = 0.99 [0.98-1.00]; <i>p</i> = 0.027), indicating that each 1 N increase in strength reduced the likelihood of shoulder pain by about 1%. No significant relationships were observed between other outcomes and shoulder pain.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Isometric strength of trunk extensor muscles may be associated with shoulder pain. No associations were observed between shoulder pain and stability, mobility, and strength of other kinetic chain segments.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251328338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11977624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression screening within 3 months of primary shoulder arthroplasty decreases medical complications, implant complications, and costs of care in patients with diagnosed depressive disorder.","authors":"Adam M Gordon, Faisal R Elali, Chaim Miller, Jake M Schwartz, Jack Choueka","doi":"10.1177/17585732231217704","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732231217704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is unknown if nonpharmacologic interventions are protective of adverse outcomes in depression patients. We studied whether depression screenings/psychotherapy visits were associated with lower: (a) medical complications, (b) readmission rates, (c) implant-related complications, and (d) healthcare expenditures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide claims database was queried for primary shoulder arthroplasty from 2010 to 2020. Depression patients included those who had (n  =  3566) and did not have (n  =  17,769) a pre-operative depression screen/psychotherapy visit within 3 months of shoulder arthroplasty. A 90-day period was utilized for complications and readmissions. Implant complications were assessed over 2 years. Costs were surgeon reimbursements. Logistic regression models computed odds ratios (OR) of complications and readmissions. <i>P</i>-values less than 0.005 were significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depression patients who did not undergo screening had threefold higher odds of 90-day medical complications (28.08 vs. 7.26%; OR: 3.33, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Readmissions (3.97 vs. 3.48%; <i>p</i>  =  0.719) were similar between non-screened vs. screened patients. Implant complications were higher among non-screened vs. screened patients (15.89 vs. 8.02%; OR: 1.93, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), including prosthetic joint infections (2.05 vs. 0.93%; OR: 2.04, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Costs were significantly higher in patients without screening ($10,916 vs $8703; <i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Shoulder arthroplasty surgeons may consider counseling their depression patients about the importance of having a recent screening by their physician.<b>Level of Evidence:</b> III.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":"17 2","pages":"158-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Abstracts for the 36th Annual Scientific Meeting BESS 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17585732251331093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732251331093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/17585732241291698.].</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251331093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of smoking on shoulder arthroplasty outcomes: A meta-analysis of postoperative complications.","authors":"Rafael Llombart-Blanco, Gonzalo Mariscal, Ibrahim Khalil, Carlos Barrios, Rafael Llombart-Ais","doi":"10.1177/17585732251327368","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732251327368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although advancements in surgical techniques and postoperative management have improved outcomes, the impact of smoking on shoulder arthroplasty outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on shoulder arthroplasty outcomes and provide a clearer perspective on the controversy surrounding the impact of smoking on medical and surgical complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted using four Library databases. PROSPERO (CRD42023444819). The quality of the studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies. Odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the dichotomous and continuous variables. This study used the PICOS strategy to identify studies with patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty surgery, with smoking as the intervention, non-smoking as the comparison, and postoperative complications as the outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included eight studies with 227,329 patients. The smoking group had a higher risk of readmission (OR: 1.11, 95% CI [1.05-1.17]), revision (OR: 2.32, 95% CI [1.28-4.23]), periprosthetic fracture (OR: 1.38, 95% CI [1.24-1.53]), and surgical site infection (OR: 2.09, 95% CI [1.77-2.47]), but no significant differences were found in wound problems or thromboembolic events. The smoking group had a higher risk of sepsis (OR: 1.31, 95% CI [1.07-1.60]). There were no significant differences in renal complications, urinary tract infections, pulmonary complications, or myocardial infarctions between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smoking is a modifiable risk factor that should be addressed to improve outcomes and reduce the costs associated with complications and joint replacement in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>These findings emphasize the need to promote a tobacco-free lifestyle and improve surgical outcomes. Preoperative interventions should include education, counseling, and support, fostering better shoulder arthroplasty results and long-term well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251327368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review, and meta-analysis of pain outcomes following total elbow replacement and hemi-replacement for unreconstructible acute distal humerus fractures in adults.","authors":"Adam C Watts, Zaid Hamoodi, Andrew C Wright, Catriona M McDaid, Catherine E Hewitt","doi":"10.1177/17585732251328594","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732251328594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unreconstructible distal humerus fractures have been managed with total elbow replacement (TER), but there is increasing use of hemi-replacement (DHH). Pain has been identified as the most important outcome by patients. This study aims to systematically review the literature on reported pain outcomes in adult distal humerus fractures treated with TER or DHH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline, Embase and Central were searched using OVID, from January 2000 to September 2023, for studies in adults undergoing DHH or TER for acute closed distal humerus fractures. The primary outcome was patient-rated pain measured on a numerical rating scale. A quantitative summary of reported outcomes was stratified by intervention type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, including one published randomised controlled trial. Meta-analysis found a pooled average NRS pain for TER of 1.7/10 (95% CI: 0.44-2.99) and 1.5/10 for DHH (95% CI: 0.001-3.56). On a 4-point Likert scale the pooled probability of no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, severe pain for TER was 0.75, 0.21, 0.02, 0.00 and for DHH was 0.76, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.00.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The available evidence does not enable comparison of pain outcomes between the interventions, which should be assessed in an appropriately powered randomised trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251328594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring patient perspectives, socioeconomic status and beliefs on rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A qualitative study.","authors":"Madhushree S Nayak, B Anupama Prabhu, M Ganesh Balthillaya, Preetha Ramachandra, Deepalaxmi P Poojari, Shwetha Ts, James M Elliott, Mira Meeus","doi":"10.1177/17585732251327175","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732251327175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) surgery is often recommended to reduce pain, restore function, and improve quality of life in patients with rotator cuff tears. Several factors can influence how effectively patients manage their pain, follow rehabilitation guidelines, and perceive their overall recovery, including patient perspectives, socioeconomic status, and beliefs on rehabilitation. Understanding these characteristics is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and modifying rehabilitation approaches to meet specific patient requirements.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To obtain an in-depth understanding of patient perspectives, socioeconomic status, and beliefs on rehabilitation after ARCR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study consisted of face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 13 participants who underwent ARCR. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using a six-step approach as proposed by Braun and Clarke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the included participants was 53 ± 8.07 years, with 76% being male with most of the participants belonging to lower middle and upper lower socioeconomic status. Three major themes emerged from the interview: 1) Role of healthcare provider, 2) Socio-environmental factors, and 3) Cognitive-behavioural response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings imply that rehabilitation strategies should incorporate a more comprehensive patient-centred approach that considers a wider range of factors influencing compliance with therapy and overall rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251327175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related differences in wear patterns in primary elbow osteoarthritis.","authors":"Yiyang Zhang, Nicholas Chang, Kenneth J Faber, George S Athwal, Graham Jw King","doi":"10.1177/17585732251327183","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732251327183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We have observed differences in patterns of arthritic wear between male and female patients undergoing arthroscopic management of elbow osteoarthritis. The objective of the study was to examine sex-related radiographic differences in symptomatic primary elbow osteoarthritis through a matched cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty patients with primary elbow osteoarthritis that required surgery were identified and divided into two cohorts matched by sex and age from an institutional database. Basic patient demographics were recorded. The minimum joint space width (JSW) of the radiocapitellar and ulnohumeral compartments were measured on coronal and sagittal CT images, by two reviewers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the 50 patients was 56 <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>6</mn></math> years. The mean size adjusted ulnohumeral JSW for males was 1.5 <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>0.4</mn></math>  mm and females was 1.0 <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>0.5</mn></math>  mm, <i>p</i> = 0.003. The mean size adjusted radiocapitellar JSW for males was 1.1 <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>0.6</mn></math>  mm and females was 1.3 <math><mo>±</mo> <mn>0.7</mn></math>  mm, <i>p</i> = 0.37. Comparing radiocapitellar and ulnohumeral JSW within each sex, radiocapitellar JSW was significantly narrower in males (<i>p</i> = 0.008) but the radiocapitellar and ulnohumeral JSW was similar in females (<i>p</i> = 0.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, we found that male patients with primary elbow osteoarthritis had cartilage loss predominantly in the radiocapitellar articulation. Female patients had similar radiocapitellar and ulnohumeral JSW suggesting more symmetric cartilage wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732251327183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}