Geraldo Motta, Marcus Vinícius Amaral, Márcio Cohen, Marcio Schiefer, Raphael Soares da Fonseca, Ana Carolina Leal Carolina Oliveira
{"title":"Evaluation of the accuracy and interobserver agreement of the reverse shoulder angle in the preoperative planning of reverse total shoulder arthroplasties.","authors":"Geraldo Motta, Marcus Vinícius Amaral, Márcio Cohen, Marcio Schiefer, Raphael Soares da Fonseca, Ana Carolina Leal Carolina Oliveira","doi":"10.1177/17585732241300686","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241300686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in implant positioning between anatomical and reverse shoulder arthroplasties have raised concerns about the adequacy of assessing the global glenoid inclination (GGI) using the method described by Maurer to define the position of the metallic base in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The reverse shoulder angle (RSA) has been proposed to measure the inclination of the lower half of the glenoid. This study aims to evaluate the interobserver agreement of manual measurements of the RSA using two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) images and its relationship with the automated measurement of the GGI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated 2D CT images of 38 CT scans of patients with degenerative shoulder diseases. Manual measurements of the RSA were conducted by five independent shoulder surgeons. GGI measured by automated software was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.72 for RSA. Mean RSA was 25.7° ± 7.1°, significantly higher than automated GGI measurements (11.2 ± 9.0; <i>p</i> < .0001). On average, RSA was 14.6 ± 6.3 greater than GGI, irrespective, diagnosis, Favard's glenoid subtype, and version angle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that the RSA angle can be reproducibly used to assess glenoid inclination on 2D CT images presenting high interobserver agreement. RSA differs significantly from the GGI, indicating that measuring glenoid inclination for reverse or anatomical arthroplasty requires distinct methodologies that account for the inherent differences in these angles.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241300686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arman Kishan, Alexander R Zhu, Stanley Zhu, Gyeongtae S Moon, Ansh Kishan, Sukrit J Suresh, Matthew J Best, Umasuthan Srikumaran
{"title":"Racial disparities in early postoperative proximal humerus fracture outcomes: Do minorities face longer operative times, extended hospital stays, and higher risks?","authors":"Arman Kishan, Alexander R Zhu, Stanley Zhu, Gyeongtae S Moon, Ansh Kishan, Sukrit J Suresh, Matthew J Best, Umasuthan Srikumaran","doi":"10.1177/17585732241299052","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241299052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Racial disparities in orthopedic surgery outcomes have been extensively documented, highlighting systemic biases in care. Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs), about 6% of all fractures, are rising, especially among the elderly. Despite the prevalence of PHFs, a research gap exists regarding racial disparities in postoperative complications and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP database from 2006 to 2021 were analyzed, including 41,285 patients with PHFs. CPT and ICD codes guided inclusion and exclusion criteria. Propensity-score matching balanced a cohort of 17,052 patients. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed using univariate statistics, chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post propensity-score matching, significant demographic disparities emerged between white and minority patients. Minority patients had longer operative times (<i>p</i> < .001) and hospital stays (<i>p</i> = .001) than white patients. Minority patients also exhibited higher rates of mortality (<i>p</i> = .04) and unplanned re-intubation (<i>p</i> = .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed significant racial disparities in early postoperative outcomes for PHFs. Despite surgical advancements, minorities have prolonged operative times, extended hospital stays, and heightened risks of adverse events. Action is needed to ensure healthcare equity and justice and to address disparities in PHF surgical management across diverse demographics.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>III.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241299052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstracts for the 36th Annual Scientific Meeting BESS 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17585732241291698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17585732241291698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241291698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon J M Parker, Simon N Bell, Féoline Wiemer, Jennifer A Coghlan, Harry D Clitherow, Helen M Rayment
{"title":"Minimum two-year follow-up of a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using a wedged baseplate.","authors":"Simon J M Parker, Simon N Bell, Féoline Wiemer, Jennifer A Coghlan, Harry D Clitherow, Helen M Rayment","doi":"10.1177/17585732241293396","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241293396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Avoiding inclination of the glenoid baseplate in reverse shoulder arthroplasty often requires considerable glenoid reaming. It is proposed that the use of a metal wedged baseplate in all patients can achieve neutral inclination with reduced glenoid reaming.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective clinical single-centre study with minimum two-year follow-up was carried out. Glenoid deformity was classified on CT and surgery planned using BluePrint<sup>TM</sup>. The Tornier Perform<sup>®</sup> Reversed Wedged Augmented Glenoid was used in all cases. Clinical outcome scores and radiographs were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-three patients, mean age 76.6 years. Twenty-eight demonstrated no glenoid deformity and 19 demonstrated marked retroversion. Seventy completed two-year follow-up. Mean pain scores fell from 6 to 0.7. All Patient Reported Outcome Meaures (PROMS) were significantly improved. Active elevation increased by 62° and external rotation by 28.7° (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In patients with no glenoid wear (E0/A1), correction of inferior inclination was achievable with a 15° full-wedge baseplate in all cases, reducing the reaming depth by 4.4 mm (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In patients with severe glenoid wear, a 35° half wedge baseplate was often necessary to correct the deformity. The most common complications were stress reactions/fractures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A metal wedged baseplate can achieve neutral inclination in all patients, minimising bone reaming and preserving lateralisation with good two-year outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>IV (case series with no comparison group).</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241293396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riikka Koso, Anthony Logli, Asher Mirvish, Mark Baratz
{"title":"Arthroscopic evaluation for posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow.","authors":"Riikka Koso, Anthony Logli, Asher Mirvish, Mark Baratz","doi":"10.1177/17585732241293326","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241293326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of three arthroscopic techniques for intraoperative assessment of posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was performed using six fresh frozen cadaveric upper extremities. The three arthroscopic tests were the modified ulnohumeral drive through test, the annular drive through test, and proximal radioulnar joint instrumentation. Sequential soft tissue sectioning was performed to create four stages of instability: baseline, transection of the anterior half of the lateral collateral ligament complex (i.e., the radial collateral ligament), transection of the posterior half of the LCL complex (i.e., the lateral ulnar collateral ligament), and finally the release of the common extensor origin. Each test was repeated with the elbow at 90-degrees flexion in neutral rotation and at 45-degrees extension in full supination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each test appropriately identified loss of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. The modified ulnohumeral drive through test and the annular drive through test were most sensitive for loss of the radial collateral ligament. Elbow position did not affect test sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Each of the tests identified PLRI with high sensitivity, regardless of elbow position. The ulnohumeral and annular ligament drive through tests were more sensitive for radial collateral ligament disruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241293326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kia Teng Lim, Wei Ping Marcus Tan, Andrew Hwee Chye Tan
{"title":"Survivorship and outcomes of arthroscopic bankart repair for anterior shoulder dislocations: A minimum of 2 year follow-up.","authors":"Kia Teng Lim, Wei Ping Marcus Tan, Andrew Hwee Chye Tan","doi":"10.1177/17585732241280247","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241280247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to evaluate long-term survivorship of arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>About 101 patients under a single surgeon were followed up for ≥2 years post-ABR. Primary outcome was survivorship, defined as re-dislocation post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included a range of motion, strength, pain, University of California-Los-Angeles shoulder score, Oxford shoulder score (OSS), Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS), Constant Murley Score, and satisfaction. Clinical factors were correlated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients experienced postoperative dislocation (5 high-energy trauma, 2 low-energy trauma, 1 atraumatic), with 2 patients requiring revision. The mean time to post-operative dislocation was 1.5 years (range 0.3-3.8). Competitive athletes demonstrated worse survivorship (p = 0.027) but greater isometric strength at 6 months (p = 0.041) compared to recreational players. Patients ≥25 years old experienced slower recovery of internal rotation at 3 months (p = 0.006). Patients with surgery >1 year after injury had slower recovery of external rotation (p = 0.006), worse Constant scores at 3 months (p = 0.036) and lesser improvements in isometric strength at 3 months (p = 0.032). Patients with single pre-operative dislocations (p = 0.036 OSS; p = 0.039 OSIS) and patients ≥25 years old (p = 0.044 OSS) had worse Oxford scores at 3 months.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>ABR demonstrates good outcomes with low recurrence. This study prognosticates long-term outcomes across various subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241280247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan Angerett, Timothy Maurer, Rex Lutz, Tia Alexander, Leighann Krasney, Matthew Kelly
{"title":"Re-tear following rotator cuff repair: Do functional outcomes predict success?","authors":"Nathan Angerett, Timothy Maurer, Rex Lutz, Tia Alexander, Leighann Krasney, Matthew Kelly","doi":"10.1177/17585732241267222","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241267222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study is to compare functional outcomes between patients who were found to have a retear on ultrasound versus those with an intact repair following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study comparing functional outcomes of 84 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and were found to have a retear versus those who did not experience a retear. Functional outcomes included American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Simple Shoulder Test, strength and active range of motion (AROM) assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients without a retear by 6 months demonstrated greater improvements in internal rotation at 3 months (2.3° of mean change, <i>p</i> = 0.0356), as well as greater improvements in external rotation range of motion (8.8° of mean change, <i>p</i> = 0.0210) between 3 and 6 months as compared to those patients who did experience a retear. Both groups showed decreased pain scores and increased ASES scores at all points postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found statistically significant improvements in internal rotation at 3 months, and external rotation between 3 and 6 months in the non-retear group. No differences in functional outcomes existed between at final follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241267222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damon V Briggs, Eoghan T Hurley, Eric Warren, Alaowei Y Amanah, Jay M Levin, Brian C Lau, Jonathan F Dickens, Christopher S Klifto, Oke Anakwenze
{"title":"Bone block options for treating glenoid bone loss and glenohumeral instability: A systematic review.","authors":"Damon V Briggs, Eoghan T Hurley, Eric Warren, Alaowei Y Amanah, Jay M Levin, Brian C Lau, Jonathan F Dickens, Christopher S Klifto, Oke Anakwenze","doi":"10.1177/17585732241293763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241293763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To systematically review the literature assessing glenoid bone loss restoration by different bone block options and compare their dimensions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic examination of articles in PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to find studies of bone grafts for treating anterior glenohumeral instability. Statistical analyses were conducted via Review Manager, and a <i>p</i>-value of <0.05 was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review included 25 studies evaluating 870 shoulders. Traditional arc Latarjet (TL) had more depth than congruent arc Latarjet (CAL; <i>p</i> = 0.003). The coronal radii of curvature of TL, CAL, distal tibia, and iliac crest bone blocks were similar to native glenoid (<i>p</i> = 0.400, 0.817, 0.467, 0.216, respectively). CAL coracoid bone blocks restored significantly more glenoid surface area (30.3%) than TL bone blocks (<i>p</i> = 0.012). The glenoid width and surface area restoration by distal clavicle bone blocks were equivalent to TL (<i>p</i> = 0.058 and <i>p</i> = 0.103, respectively).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The CAL technique restored higher percentages of glenoid surface area than TL but has less depth, which may increase fracture risk during screw insertion. The distal clavicle bone block is a suitable substitute to TL as it was equivalent regarding glenoid width and surface area restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241293763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical significance of upper arm motor nerve conduction velocity in cubital tunnel syndrome.","authors":"Kazuya Uehara, Takahiro Hashimoto, Kiminori Yukata, Yasuaki Imajo, Masahiro Funaba, Kenzo Fujii, Takashi Sakai","doi":"10.1177/17585732241293360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241293360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retrograde denervation occurs in severe entrapment neuropathy. This study aimed to investigate changes in motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) at the upper arm, specifically proximal to the elbow, in cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) and to correlate these changes with preoperative severity and postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 95 elbows with 81 patients with CuTS for preoperative severity, and then 67 elbows with 60 of these patients who underwent anterior subcutaneous transposition surgery for postoperative outcome, classified into favorable and unfavorable groups according to Messina grade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reduction of upper arm MNCV was correlated with aging, decreased compound muscle action potentials of abductor digiti minimi muscle, loss of sensory nerve action potentials, and modified McGowan grade. Postoperative assessment revealed lower MNCV values in the \"unfavorable\" group compared to the \"favorable\" group at 1 month, 6 months, and the last follow up. At each time point, the optimal cut-off value of upper arm MNCV for predicting postoperative outcomes was 54.1 m/s.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Upper arm MNCV might be a useful predictor of poor surgical outcome. Ulnar nerve MNCV at the upper arm should be measured alongside routine assessment of MNCV at the elbow and forearm, especially in clinically severe cases considering surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241293360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James Allen, Luke Budworth, Paul Cowling, Charlotte Tunstall, David Limb, Sam Vollans
{"title":"Outcomes at mean follow-up of four years following AO type-C distal humerus fractures managed with fixation or arthroplasty.","authors":"James Allen, Luke Budworth, Paul Cowling, Charlotte Tunstall, David Limb, Sam Vollans","doi":"10.1177/17585732241283909","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732241283909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare outcomes between open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), total elbow replacement (TER) and distal humerus hemiarthroplasty (DHH) for AO type-C (AOC) fractures of the distal humerus in patients aged 50 years or older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of acute AOC distal humerus fractures in patients aged 50 years or older between 2016 and 2022. Outcomes measured: Oxford Elbow Score (OES), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), complication rate, re-operation rate and range of movement (ROM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-five patients met the inclusion criteria (20 males, 45 females). Mean age was 64.4, 77.1 and 61.3 years old for ORIF, TER and DHH respectively. Logistic model analysis revealed a statistically significant increased complication rate in the ORIF group compared to the TER and DHH groups (ORIF vs TER <i>p</i> = 0.01; ORIF vs DHH <i>p</i> = 0.048). There was a higher re-operation rate in the ORIF group compared to the DHH group (<i>p</i> = 0.03). There were no differences in OES, MEPS or ROM between groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This supports the use of TER in elderly patients with AOC distal humerus fractures. In the younger patient, DHH may have lower rates of complications and re-operations compared to ORIF, but function remains similar. We propose a prospective randomised control trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":36705,"journal":{"name":"Shoulder and Elbow","volume":" ","pages":"17585732241283909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11559901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}