Campbell Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Infrastructure on Low-Income Consumers' Nutritious Diet, Women's Economic Empowerment, and Gender Equality in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Evidence and Gap Map","authors":"Clarice Panyin Nyan, Gloria A. Odei Obeng-Amoako, Joseph Clottey, Sheila Agyemang Oppong, Charles Yaw Okyere, Takyiwaa Manuh, Solomon Zena Walelign, David Sarfo Ameyaw","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Physical infrastructure, such as market centers and roads, can foster women's economic empowerment and gender equality and mitigate adverse effects of seasonality on availability and prices of nutritious foods. The lack of infrastructure is therefore a major challenge for agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia—the regional focus of this study. It threatens food and nutrition security, depriving low-income consumers' access to healthy, affordable food and quality nutrition. Interestingly, previous studies show that physical infrastructure promotes inclusive growth and maximizes positive impacts such as improved well-being and sustainable development, and can contribute to the empowerment of women and girls. When infrastructural investments are planned, delivered, and managed using nutrition-sensitive, gender-inclusive, and responsive approaches, it can help to address barriers that impede access to nutritious diets, nutrition security, and structural inequities militating against women and girls at the household and market levels. Hence, investments in physical infrastructure could be a useful pathway for meeting various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 1–No Poverty, 2–Zero Hunger, 3–Good Health and Wellbeing, 5–Gender Equality, 6–Clean water and sanitation, 7–Affordable and Clean Energy, and 8–Decent Work and Economic Growth). However, few studies have examined the evidence and gaps on infrastructure's impact on nutritious diet, women's economic empowerment, and gender equality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Evidence and gap maps are useful tools for promoting evidence-informed decision-making by making evidence and research gaps accessible to policymakers, development practitioners, and researchers. This EGM was conducted in the consultations with stakeholders. This study seeks to identify, map, and provide an overview of the existing evidence and gaps on the impact of physical infrastructure on nutritious diets, women's economic empowerment, and gender equality among low-income consumers in LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia regions. A standardized search strategy was adapted for searching published and unpublished studies in 3 academic databases, 33 institutional websites, Google, Google Scholar, 3 existing EGMs, and 8 registries of randomized control trials and pre-analysis plans from June 2022 to September 2022. Additional papers were identified through OpenAlex in EPPI-Reviewer. We supplemented the database searches by conducting hand searches and backward citation searches in identified reviews for relevant studies. We also contacted five prominent authors in the literature for relevant completed and on-going studies for the EGM. The selection criteria adapted the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design) approach. The intervention was defined as those re","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Summarizing and Critically Evaluating the Concepts of Self-Compassion: A Systematic Review of Conceptualizations","authors":"Ramona Schöne-Hoffmann,&nbsp;Sarah K. Schäfer,&nbsp;Christina David,&nbsp;Dorota Reis,&nbsp;Manuela Benick,&nbsp;Franziska Perels","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is a protocol for a Campbell Systematic Review. The aim of this systematic review will be to identify existing conceptualizations of general and domain-specific self-compassion and then integrate these into one comprehensive conceptualization. This newly developed general conceptualization will then be transferred to a domain-specific conceptualization of academic self-compassion.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Correlates and Antecedents of Hate Crime: A Systematic Review of Place-Level Risk and Protective Factors","authors":"Kathryn Benier,&nbsp;Michelle Sydes,&nbsp;Angela Higginson","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is a protocol for a Campbell Systematic Review. The review aims to synthesise the current empirical evidence on the places factors associated with hate crime victimisation. The review will also consider whether the risk and protective factors for hate crime vary according to moderating factors, such as the features of the crime, the victim, the place and cultural contextual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: PrEP (Non)Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: An Overview of Reviews: A Systematic Review","authors":"Guilherme G. Pinheiro,&nbsp;Carla Moleiro,&nbsp;David L. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The proposed overview of reviews aims to: (1) aggregate and systematize findings from multiple overviews of reviews, and offer a broader understanding of the factors, both facilitators and barriers related to PrEP awareness, uptake, and adherence among MSM; and (2) understand if there are gaps in the literature on potential facilitators and barriers that need greater analysis. Hence, the purpose of this overview of reviews aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly with SDG 3.3, that is, end the epidemics of AIDS and other communicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Co-Responding Police-Mental Health Programs and the Impact on Justice and Social Service Outcomes: A Systematic Review","authors":"Matthew J. Teti,&nbsp;C. Clare Strange,&nbsp;Jordan M. Hyatt,&nbsp;Robert J. Kane","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The current review will provide criminal justice and policymakers with information regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of co-responder programs on criminal justice and social service outcomes. Specifically, the authors will address the following research questions: (1) Do co-responder police-mental health programs reduce the frequency or likelihood of criminal justice system involvement (e.g., offending, police welfare check, victimization) among those experiencing homelessness, drug and/or alcohol addiction, or mental health crises (hereafter “vulnerable populations”)? (2) Do co-responder police-mental health programs improve social service outcomes among vulnerable populations? (3) Do the effects of co-responder police-mental health programs vary by the following factors: study research design, geographical location, type of population, type of outcome (e.g., official vs. unofficial reports), and intervention characteristics (e.g., setting, type of practitioners)?</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Association of Antenatal Cytokine Concentrations With Neurodevelopmental Disorders of the Offspring: A Scoping Review","authors":"Imasha Upulini Jayasinghe,&nbsp;Hannah F. Jones,&nbsp;E. Scott Graham,&nbsp;Kyle Eggleton,&nbsp;Russell C. Dale,&nbsp;Jane M. Alsweiler","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this scoping review is to identify and map the available evidence on the association of antenatal cytokine concentrations with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) of the offspring and to inform future research avenues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NDDs are a heterogeneous group of conditions with onset in childhood which affect functioning due to altered brain development. NDDs have a multifactorial aetiology with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, including the foetal intrauterine environment. Maternal immune activation (MIA) alters the intrauterine milieu of the developing foetus, and, in animal studies, has been shown to affect the brain cytoarchitecture, neuronal circuitry and glial function of the offspring. One of the mechanisms of MIA is through cytokines that may play a crucial role in affecting foetal neurodevelopment by crossing the placenta and altering cellular programming. Antenatal cytokine concentrations have the potential to be biomarkers for children at risk of NDDs, and treating a maladaptive cytokine response may reduce the risk of NDDs in these children. Therefore, it is important to understand the scope of evidence available on the association of antenatal cytokine concentration with offspring NDDs and identify the research gaps in this field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Inclusion Criteria</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review will consider all primary and grey literature which focuses on the review objective. The review will not be limited by any time period or any language of the sources of evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological framework for scoping reviews. Review questions and inclusion criteria will follow the Population, Concept, Context framework. A comprehensive search will be performed in SCOPUS, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science core collection, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL databases and trial registers. Grey literature will be searched in Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global, Open Access Theses and Dissertations and library catalogues with the assistance of the librarian. Two independent reviewers will perform title-abstract screening and full-text screening. Eligible studies will be critically appraised using JBI critical appraisal tools. Data from eligible studies will be extracted by two reviewers using pretested data extraction tools. Findings will be presented in a final scoping review with a narrative summary and","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: The Application of Information and Communication Technologies in Physical Activity Interventions for Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review Protocol","authors":"Xin Chen,&nbsp;Maaz Imam,&nbsp;Yutong Yi,&nbsp;JJ Pionke,&nbsp;Lixcy Vega,&nbsp;Anna Arthur,&nbsp;Jessie Chin,&nbsp;Chungyi Chiu","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol of a Campbell scoping review. This scoping review aims to identify and map the evidence regarding the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in physical activity (PA) interventions for breast cancer survivors (BCS), which includes examining the types of ICTs utilized, how they are applied, and their effects on BCS' PA-related outcomes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist (PRISMA-ScR) was used to structure this protocol. The focus of the scoping review is guided by the mnemonic PCC (Population, Concept, Context) recommended by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. PubMed, CINAHL (Ebsco), Web of Science (Clarivate), and SportDiscus (Ebsco) will be searched for peer-reviewed studies. We will include interventional studies using ICTs for PA promotion among BCS across the cancer care continuum. Our protocol incorporates information about the aims and importance of the scoping review, search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data synthesis. The total number and key characteristics of included studies will be reported in this scoping review. It will identify and map the current ICTs used in PA interventions, outline the methods and extent of their application, and summarize the related outcomes observed among BCS. Participation in PA remains insufficient among BCS despite its known benefits in lowering the risk of death and improving breast cancer prognosis. While technology-based interventions have received increased attention in recent years, there is still limited consensus within the scientific literature surrounding ICT-based PA interventions for BCS. The use of ICTs in PA interventions may promote PA among BCS and benefit their survivorship. This scoping review may lead to strategies for developing ICTs that are optimal to be used in PA interventions that benefit BCS, a large and growing population of cancer survivors. Additionally, it will identify knowledge gaps to enhance healthcare communication between healthcare practitioners and BCS using ICTs, which may promote PA and lead to improved cancer survivorship in this population. Registered and available at OSF (https://osf.io/hwde4/?view_only=be6ef619dc1a44b080bb61be32d5d56f).</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Campbell Title Registrations to Date – May 2025, and Discontinued Protocols","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Details of new titles for systematic reviews or evidence and gap maps that have been accepted by the Editor of a Campbell Coordinating Group are published in each issue of the journal. If you would like to receive a copy of the approved title registration form, please send an email to the Managing Editor of the relevant Coordinating Group.</p><p>A list of discontinued protocols appears below these new titles. If you are interested in continuing a project, please get in touch with the Managing Editor of the relevant Coordinating Group or email <span>[email protected]</span>.</p><p>The effectiveness of interventions in preventing or managing post-stroke cognitive impairments and enhancing the quality of life for stroke survivors: A protocol for systematic review of randomised controlled trials.</p><p>Memory Lucy Mtambo, Tetisya Ragunathan, Adeola Folayan, Kia Fatt Quek.</p><p>31 March 2025.</p><p>The Global Commercialization of Human Milk for Infant Consumption: A scoping review.</p><p>Heather Rusi, Jennifer Dion, Smitha Rodrigues, Merilee (Meredith) Brockway.</p><p>23 April 2025.</p><p>Exploring of Circadian Misalignments in Eating and Sleep on Health and School Performance in Children and Adolescents: A scoping review protocol.</p><p>Nur'Ain Mardhiyah Harun, Fatin Hanani Mazri, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Haslina Abdul Hamid, Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin.</p><p>23 April 2025.</p><p>Access to financial resources to people with disabilities for entrepreneurship: A systematic review protocol.</p><p>Gamariel Mboya, Jackline Kiwelu, Gadiel Ketto, Howard Omukami.</p><p>27 March 2025.</p><p>Context, mechanisms and outcomes of reasonable adjustments across acute hospitals for people with intellectual disability: A scoping review protocol.</p><p>Mairead Moloney, Laurence Taggart, Owen Doody.</p><p>21 March 2025.</p><p>Telehealth services for outpatient mental health in rural populations: A systematic review.</p><p>Hannah Shanks, Julie Birkenmaier, Brandy Maynard.</p><p>31 March 2025.</p><p>Understanding the health care experiences of women who use illegal substances: An intersectional scoping review.</p><p>Marjan Kekanovich, Tyler Glass, Amanda Ross-White, Danielle Macdonald, Susan Bartels, Jacqueline Galica.</p><p>18 May 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribute to David P. Farrington (1944–2024)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;By Anthony Petrosino, Senior Fellow &amp; Affiliated Faculty, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was saddened to learn of the death of Professor David Farrington of Cambridge University on November 5, 2024. David was a pioneering figure in the field of criminology, whose work and influence spanned decades and left an indelible mark on both academic and practical approaches to crime and justice. He has long been considered one of the most influential criminologists in history. &lt;i&gt;ScholarGPS&lt;/i&gt; ranks David at the top of its list of criminology scholars for impact, productivity, and quality (see https://scholargps.com/scholars/20828811083920/david-p-farrington). Some of us used to joke that we needed a forklift to move David's printed vita, which was well over 100 pages. There are many wonderful tributes to David and his professional accomplishments, so my comments will focus more on our personal connections (e.g., see J. W. Thulborn's tribute, “David P. Farrington, O. B. E., Distinguished Criminologist and Scholar 1944–2024” at https://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/news/david-p-farrington-obe-distinguished-criminologist-and-scholar-1944-2024. Those who want to better understand David's career pathway, at least through 1997, may appreciate this interview of him by Rolf Leiber for the American Society of Criminology Oral History of Criminology Project at: https://asc41.org/oral-history/david-farrington-interviewed-by-rolf-loeber-november-20-1997/).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of my first interactions with David came when I was doing my dissertation in the mid-1990s. I reached out to him, as he was one of the leading proponents of using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test criminological interventions (Farrington &lt;span&gt;1983&lt;/span&gt;), and he was excited to hear that my research focused on individual-level RCTs that tested a strategy to reduce criminal offending (Petrosino &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). He sent me relevant articles and reports, and periodically would send encouraging notes pushing me to finish the dissertation. Later, after I got the doctorate, I put in a proposal to Oxford University Press for a book based on my dissertation research. I later learned that David was a peer reviewer and the strongest advocate for Oxford to contract with me to write it. Unfortunately, my progress stalled on this book idea when other work commitments got in the way. David pushed me to finish, saying “it was the thing that would last,” and I wish I had listened to him, as I remain “bookless” as an author, all these years later.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We finally crossed paths in person in 1998 when I got involved in preliminary efforts to launch the Campbell Collaboration (Petrosino &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Building on the success of its older sibling, the Cochrane Collaboration in health care, the Campbell Collaboration would prepare, update, and disseminate high-quality reviews of research on the effects of social and educational interventions. Sir Iain Chalmers had bee","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTOCOL: Situational Crime Prevention Measures to Prevent Terrorist Attacks Against Soft Targets and Crowded Places: An Evidence and Gap Map","authors":"Zoe Marchment,&nbsp;Caitlin Clemmow,&nbsp;Paul Gill","doi":"10.1002/cl2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The EGM has three main objectives: (1) Identify the strength (in terms of evidence quality) and depth (in terms of volume of evidence) of evidence base on the efficacy of situational crime prevention measures in preventing terrorist attacks against soft targets and crowded places. (2) Identify the heterogeneity in the effects of situational crime prevention measures against terrorist attacks and link this to issues related to context and implementation. (3) Identify the mechanisms through which situational crime prevention measures have an effect on terrorist attacks. To achieve these objectives, an EGM will seek out reliable quantitative evidence on effect and qualitative evidence on mechanisms, moderators, implementation and economics. Resultingly, it will be possible to identify research gaps and evidence imbalances to facilitate research investment, identify gaps and topics for new research, and provide a foundation for systematic reviews by showing where sufficient evidence exists for aggregation. The underpinning programme of work will result in the presentation of rigorous empirical research on this topic to help researchers and decision-makers understand the available evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":36698,"journal":{"name":"Campbell Systematic Reviews","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cl2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}