Studies in Chinese Religions最新文献_第10页

Buddhist merit in the West: a case study from Australia’s Nan Tien Temple 西方的佛教功德——以澳大利亚南天寺为例

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639464

Juewei Shi

{"title":"Buddhist merit in the West: a case study from Australia’s Nan Tien Temple","authors":"Juewei Shi","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2019.1639464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Buddhism that was introduced into China proposed that secular puṇya follows wholesome religious deeds intended to achieve happiness and prosperity in the human world or rebirth in heavenly realms. Buddhism then assimilated the classical Chinese fude and emphasised the merit field and transfer of merit. With the popularity of Mahāyana Buddhism, the cultivation of fude reached new heights. In the West, the Buddhist concepts of puṇya and fude did not take off. This article explores the extent to which Buddhist merit may be accepted in the West, and the mechanism by which it can be presented for easy acceptance. Australia’s largest Buddhist sanctuary, Fo Guang Shan Nan Tien Temple, hosts over 200,000 visitors and a public festival that attracts over 1,000 volunteers annually for more than 20 years. The studies in this article indicate that religious merit is attractive to those seeking blessings for a healthier, happier and more peaceful future as well as to those who wish to cultivate altruistic behaviour. Blessings and voluntarism may serve as skilful means to meet human needs in the short term as well as to introduce karmic merit and selfless bodhisattva aspiration in the long run.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41888233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Economy of goodness: the benevolence and morality of economic lifestyle 善的经济:经济生活方式的仁爱与道德

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639455

R. Her

{"title":"Economy of goodness: the benevolence and morality of economic lifestyle","authors":"R. Her","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2019.1639455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639455","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Looking back in history, humans have put in much effort in making profit distribution fair: the outcome for Adam Smith’s proposition of maximising self-interest became public welfare in the end, which led to severe exploitation of the classes; Stalinist communism asserted that government should control distribution, which resulted in bureaucratic bureaucrat; Weber’s calling of the sagely hero, the entrepreneur, the actualisation of which has caused many imperialist expansions of capitalist enterprises; Hayek’s laissez-faire system, which resulted in Austria’s economic depression and high unemployment rate; and Schumpeter’s bureaucratic specialised management, where we see senior management gobbling up huge amounts of investors’ capital at Wall Street. Can Marx’s ideal of the proletariat’s dictatorship emerging from highly capitalist society ever be fulfilled? Hundreds and thousands of social entrepreneurs are now dedicated to solving social problems. They do this on the basis of benevolent motivations (not seeking person gain) and moral goals (not seeking the expansion of individual or organisation). Social enterprise is only the beginning for an ‘economy of goodness’ and ‘moral economy,’ not the end. If even more commercial corporations and for-profit enterprises could base their operational philosophy on benevolence and morality, it would have a historically profound and far-reaching impact on socio-economic impartiality and justice.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47777308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Miracles and military merit: the state’s sponsor to Bukong’s 不空 Buddhist enterprise 奇迹与军功:国家对布空佛教事业的赞助

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639465

Zeng Yang

{"title":"Miracles and military merit: the state’s sponsor to Bukong’s 不空 Buddhist enterprise","authors":"Zeng Yang","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2019.1639465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639465","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Tang state under Emperor Daizong 代宗 was afflicted with acute financial depletion caused by prolonged warfare. In this time of hardship, the court provided institutional support to a series of costly Buddhist projects directed by Bukong 不空 in the name of state protection. This invited intense criticism from traditional historians, not only for the drain on national resources but also for the corruption done to governmental ethics. Why did a time that should have been the worst for massive religious booms turn out to be the best? This question deserves explanation, yet seems to have evaded scholarly efforts. This article shows that the ceremony of chanting the new Renwang jing 仁王經 in 765 ce is the key to answering this question. The unusual events during this ceremony, which was held for divine protection of the Tang against the ongoing Tibetans’ invasion, inspired a prevailing discourse of divine intervention. The widened and enhanced belief must be recognized. Even more important might be the political significance that emerged to address Daizong’s constant concern. The subsequently increased investment can be understood as efforts to reenact the divine intervention and refresh its discourse, so as to reutilize political value.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41426449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Buddhism and commerce in ninth-century Chang’an: a study of Ennin’s Nittō Guhō Junrei Kōki 入唐求法巡禮行記 Buddhism and commerce in ninth-century Chang’an: a study of Ennin’s Nittō Guhō Junrei Kōki 入唐求法巡礼行记

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639451

Tatsuhiko Seo

引用次数: 0

Lessons from the Sanjie: merit economies as catalysts for social change 三姐的经验教训：经济是社会变革的催化剂

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639456

Leah Kalmanson

{"title":"Lessons from the Sanjie: merit economies as catalysts for social change","authors":"Leah Kalmanson","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2019.1639456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When considering questions of Buddhism, business and the economy, the production and transfer of karmic merit is an often-overlooked resource, perhaps due to the unexamined assumption that merit is not, after all, ‘real.’ This essay aims to show that taking merit production seriously reveals a well-established economic model that operates alongside, and at times contrary to, systems of monetary exchange. Precisely because of the tendency to interface with money economies, networks of merit transfer can intervene in common economic practices underlying existing social conditions. For example, Xinxing (540–594), founder of the Sanjie movement, teaches that we can discharge our otherwise insurmountable karmic burden by making a single donation to the ‘Inexhaustible Storehouse.’ Donations to the Storehouse were thought to generate merit for the donors, a system already relied upon by Buddhist monasteries to raise money. However, unique to Xinxing’s Storehouse, anyone could borrow as needed, and repayment was optional. The Storehouse was so successful that it began to rival the government as a resource for social welfare, leading to its eventual disbandment. Moving from Xinxing to the present, this essay surveys other examples of merit-making rituals as drivers for charitable giving and socio-political change.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47388067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Commoditization of the sacred: production and transaction of Buddhist statues in fifth- to tenth-century China 神圣的商品化：五至十世纪中国佛像的生产和交易

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639454

Yongshan He

引用次数: 0

Giving while keeping: inexhaustible treasuries and inalienable wealth in medieval China 给予与保留:中世纪中国取之不尽的财富和不可分割的财富

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1639463

Neil Schmid

{"title":"Giving while keeping: inexhaustible treasuries and inalienable wealth in medieval China","authors":"Neil Schmid","doi":"10.1080/23729988.2019.1639463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639463","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Inexhaustible storehouses and permanent assets of monasteries become fundamental strategies through which Chinese Buddhism flourishes economically during the medieval period. At the center of these linked phenomena is the act of donation that enmeshes donors in a network of transcendent human-divine relations secured in the stasis of inalienability. Although research has explored how these institutions impacted the economic development of Chinese Buddhism, little work exists on how they function as strategies for creating social capital and negotiating identities. This article examines types of donor goods together with contracts and deeds from Dunhuang that detail the exchange of possessions which at once furthered economic gains for monasteries while creating karmic and social capital for the donors in the form of sacralized networks and renegotiated identities. At the crux of the exchange are inalienable objects, such as paintings on silk, that engender prestige and social memory, and thereby valorize newly established collective and individual identities. Through these objects and their ritual transformation, the patrons, their associates and the divinities invoked share a now-transfigured status grounded in a rearticulated and invariable past set within a reified future, most clearly depicted in the Pure land spaces of the Mogao Caves themselves.","PeriodicalId":36684,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Chinese Religions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23729988.2019.1639463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46948547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Late imperial Chinese piety books 中国后期的孝道书籍

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1630970

Vincent Goossaert

引用次数: 2

A study of the Buddha’s biographies in the Vinaya Piṭaka: centered on the Chinese translations of the four complete Vinayas 佛祖传记研究ṭ又名：以四部完整的《维纳亚》的中文译本为中心

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1630971

Lina Wang

引用次数: 0

Gathering medicines among the cypress: the relationship between healing and place in the earliest records of Mount Wutai 柏间采药：五台山最早记载中的疗愈与场所关系

IF 0.2 3区哲学

Studies in Chinese Religions Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/23729988.2019.1630966

S. Andrews

引用次数: 0