Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems最新文献

{"title":"Land use classification in mine-agriculture compound area based on multi-feature random forest: a case study of Peixian","authors":"Jiaxing Xu, Chen Chen, Shutian Zhou, Wenmin Hu, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1335292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1335292","url":null,"abstract":"Land use classification plays a critical role in analyzing land use/cover change (LUCC). Remote sensing land use classification based on machine learning algorithm is one of the hot spots in current remote sensing technology research. The diversity of surface objects and the complexity of their distribution in mixed mining and agricultural areas have brought challenges to the classification of traditional remote sensing images, and the rich information contained in remote sensing images has not been fully utilized.A quantitative difference index was proposed quantify and select the texture features of easily confused land types, and a random forest (RF) classification method with multi-feature combination classification schemes for remote sensing images was developed, and land use information of the mine-agriculture compound area of Peixian in Xuzhou, China was extracted.The quantitative difference index proved effective in reducing the dimensionality of feature parameters and resulted in a reduction of the optimal feature scheme dimension from 57 to 22. Among the four classification methods based on the optimal feature classification scheme, the RF algorithm emerged as the most efficient with a classification accuracy of 92.38% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.90, which outperformed the support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and neural network (NN) algorithm.The findings indicate that the quantitative differential index is a novel and effective approach for discerning distinct texture features among various land types. It plays a crucial role in the selection and optimization of texture features in multispectral remote sensing imagery. Random forest (RF) classification method, leveraging a multi-feature combination, provides a fresh method support for the precise classification of intricate ground objects within the mine-agriculture compound area.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiochemical, biological, and therapeutic uses of stingless bee honey","authors":"A. S. Gadge, D. Shirsat, Parakkattu S. Soumia, Chandrashekhar L. Pote, M. Pushpalatha, Trupti Rajesh Pandit, Ram Dutta, Satish Kumar, S. V. Ramesh, V. Mahajan, Vadivelu Karuppaiah","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1324385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1324385","url":null,"abstract":"Stingless bee honey, also known as pot honey, is a unique product that differs from other honey (Apis) in terms of flavor, chemical composition, biological characteristics, and sourness. Raw and by-products made from this honey have substantial use for its diverse health benefits and human dietary requirements. The physiochemical properties of honey from stingless bee mainly rely on nectar sources, geographic locations, climate, bee species, and handling and storage conditions. The honey contains reducing sugars, water, minerals, and ash content, and its characteristic features include color, acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and viscosity. Further, it contains several biological and therapeutic constituents such as flavonoids, antioxidants, antibacterial, wound-healing, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, and the Maillard reaction product hydroxymethylfurfural. This review summarizes the literature on the physical and biological properties and therapeutic constituents' use of stingless bee honey. It also highlights the quality standards available worldwide and required modifications in establishing universal standards for promoting this honey.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of date palm fruits quality under different irrigation water salinity levels compared to the fruit available in the market","authors":"Zied Hammami, Henda Mahmoudi, Amna Al Janaahi, Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1322350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1322350","url":null,"abstract":"The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a major component of the agro-food systems of the arid regions. Since it is an indigenous tree, it is an integral part of the local cultural heritage and social and economic life. Date palm cultivation in the region is challenging due to various factors such as water scarcity and soil and water salinity.This research study was conducted to evaluate the quality of commonly sold date palm varieties in the UAE market and grown using saline water at the ICBA research station in Dubai. The study involved measuring physical parameters like fruit weight, size, dimensions, color, volume, Brix, protein, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sugars, phenols, sodium, and potassium, as well as analyzing how consumers perceive the fruit’s quality attributes produced under varying salinity levels. The study evaluated Tamar dates’ texture, flavor, aroma, taste, color, and appearance using a five-point scale from very poor to excellent.The study found that fruit quality is affected by salinity, and there is a significant interaction between variety and salinity treatments. Salinity affects date palm traits, but low to moderate levels do not affect fruit quality. Khalas, Sukkari, and Ajwa-Tul-Madinah are the least affected varieties. High salinity negatively impacts some varieties, leading to decreased fruit quality. However, it is also worth noting that salinity stress can increase the sugar concentration in fruit for specific varieties, as demonstrated in this study on fruit sugar content under such conditions. Among the tested dates, Sukkari from the market, Ajwa-Tul-Madinah irrigated with 5 and 10 dS m−1 have the highest sugar content and many other desirable characteristics. Hierarchical k-means clustering reveals that each genotype performs better under a specific level of salinity, allowing for targeted selection of genotypes for salinity mitigation. Sugar content is crucial in assessing date fruits irrigated with saline water. It should be included in the evaluation criteria to promote the use of saline water for date palm irrigation and save freshwater resources. The study provides valuable insights into different date palm varieties’ behavior under varying salinity levels, enabling farmers to optimize production and establish new evaluation criteria.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering the food environment can help to promote the consumption of aquatic foods for healthy diets","authors":"Gina Kennedy, Molly B. Ahern, Lora L. Iannotti, Sydney Vie, Lisa Sherburne, S. Thilsted","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1241548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1241548","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic foods ensure food and nutrition security for billions of consumers around the world. As part of food systems, aquatic foods provide nutritious, affordable, convenient options for healthy diets, and can also foster sustainable food production. Within the food system framework, the food environment is the space that connects food procurement to consumption. The food environment influences consumer decisions on which foods to acquire. To date there has been relatively little focus on creating an enabling food environment that supports consumers in decisions to obtain aquatic foods. To fill this gap, we conducted a narrative review of literature from 2000–2020 to document the availability, affordability, convenience, promotion, quality and sustainability of aquatic foods within diverse food environments. Our review highlighted several opportunities that can support development and promotion of convenient, high quality aquatic foods. We also noted several research gaps. For example, some consumers, especially those in high income countries, respond well to labels related to sustainability and also to messaging to consume diverse types of fish, especially lower tropic species like anchovy. However, less is documented on how promotion influences consumers from LMIC. The paper also notes a gap in assessment of the price and affordability of aquatic foods. Most price and affordability assessments do not provide details on which aquatic foods were considered in the costing assessment. In addition, wild or home-harvested aquatic foods are often not accounted for in price and affordability assessments. Using case studies, we demonstrate how considering the food environment in research and implementation strategies can add value to program design. For example, processing tuna frames and underutilized small fish species into powder is one innovation that reduces food waste and also creates a convenient, quality product. These results provide the foundation for deepening our understanding of how key elements of the food environment influence consumers’ decision-making and how these elements can be considered in future research, programming and policy efforts.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"223 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of period of receptivity and air temperature on parthenocarpic phenomenon of ‘Assiane’ date palm cultivar (Phoenix dactylifera L.)","authors":"Imane Zahiri, F. Alla, M. N. AlZain, Abdulsalam Alhalmi, Omar Noman, Mohammed Khalid Parvez, M. A. Elhoumaizi","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1326141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1326141","url":null,"abstract":"In hot arid regions, the productivity of certain date palm cultivars faces a significant challenge wherein non-fertilized flowers can give rise to parthenocarpic singular or triplet fruit.The aims of this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of delayed pollination on date palm yield and fruit quality, while also examining the influence of temperature on these processes.We conducted this research using 10 15-year-old ‘Assiane’ palm trees, all situated within the Figuig Oasis environment. Pollination was performed on the same day of spathe opening, as well as up to 16 days after the initial opening. Additionally, we utilized 30 palm trees to analyze the effect of daily average temperatures.Our findings reveal that the optimal period for achieving maximum yield and fruit quality falls between the sixth and eighth day following the cracking of the female spathe. Furthermore, we observed that relatively lower temperatures, ranging from 5 to 20°C, promote the formation of parthenocarpic fruits while inhibiting the development of normal fruits. Moreover, the insights gained from investigating these issues could have broader implications for date palm cultivation in arid regions and offer valuable lessons for the preservation of oasis ecosystems worldwide.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"8 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal variability of climatic variables and its impacts on rice yield in Bangladesh","authors":"Md Abdullah Al Mamun, S. Nihad, Md Abdur Rouf Sarkar, M. Sarker, Jitka Skalicka, Milan Skalicky","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1290055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1290055","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is a significant contributor to the global food basket but is also one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Understanding regional climatic variability helps reduce climate risks and ensure food security. This research examined monthly, seasonal, and yearly temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity in Bangladesh using data from 35 meteorological stations from 1970–2020. The study utilized the Mann–Kendall method to evaluate trends and employed Sen’s slope to quantify their magnitude. Additionally, quantile regression was applied to analyze the impact of climatic variables on rice yield. The findings revealed that maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures were steadily increasing, with the southwest experiencing a more rapid rise compared to other regions in Bangladesh. Seasonal Tmax and Tmin rose in most parts of Bangladesh, particularly during the monsoon. In most areas, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Tmax from June to September and Tmin in December. The variability of minimum temperature was considerably affected by warming throughout the country. The eastern area had the most significant (p < 0.05) annual rainfall increase rate, while the northern region had the lowest. There was evidence of inter-seasonal rainfall shipment, with post-monsoon rainfall rising compared to monsoon season. The quantile regression showed that the rice yield of Aus (summer) and Aman (wet) seasons were influenced by maximum temperature and relative humidity, whereas the rice yield of the Boro (dry) season was affected by maximum temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. Across geographical segmentation, the regression analysis indicated a high level of variability in the northern climate. Overall, the intensity of mean temperature increased throughout the country. So, there is a need to develop heat or drought-resistant rice varieties and modernized irrigation facilities to mitigate these climate risks. However, farmers should employ automated weather-based advisory services for sustaining rice productivity and food security.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"33 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the motives behind the consumption of organic products in North Portugal: a focus group study","authors":"Lucía Penalba-Sánchez, Elisa Di-Gregorio, Raquel Claro, Mafalda Pinto, Elisabete Pinto, Patrícia Oliveira-Silva","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1316634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1316634","url":null,"abstract":"The soil is a non-renewable and essential resource for life on our planet. Considering the widespread fast pace of soil degradation and erosion, it is urgent to protect it by enacting pro-environmental behaviors. Consumers’ massive purchase and consumption of organic products is a powerful way to encourage farmers to apply sustainable soil practices. Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies in Portugal explaining the increased interest but low consumption of organic products.Here, the relationship between (a) intrinsic motivations, extrinsic motivations, knowledge, and self-perception of control regarding pro-environmental behaviors, and (b) consumption of organic products and other related pro-environmental behaviors was explored. To do so, two semi-structured interview focus groups (n = 15 participants) were conducted.Organic product purchase and consumption seem to be driven by intrinsic motivations such as health or environmental concerns. External aspects such as labels and price as well, as personal, and psychological elements like knowledge and self-control, may be attenuating or strengthening the behavior. These findings should be validated in quantitative studies.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syntrophy between bacteria and archaea enhances methane production in an EGSB bioreactor fed by cheese whey wastewater","authors":"María Emperatriz Domínguez-Espinosa, Abumalé Cruz-Salomón, J. A. Ramírez De León, Jesús Mauricio Ernesto Hernández-Méndez, M. G. Santiago-Martínez","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1244691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1244691","url":null,"abstract":"The cheese-making process generates large amounts of cheese whey wastewater (CWW), which is abundant in nutrients but difficult to dispose of, contributing to the eutrophication of natural environments due to inadequate waste management. Here we show the anaerobic digestion of CCW by syntrophy between bacteria and archaea in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) bioreactor as a low-cost alternative for bioremediation and biofuel production. The performance of the EGSB bioreactor and the composition of the natural microbial community were evaluated. During the operation of the EGSB bioreactor, physicochemical parameters such as alkalinity ratio (0.25), pH (7.5), and temperature (26°C) were attained and maintained, as well as light- and oxygen-free conditions, which favored the metabolism of oxygen-sensitive bacteria and methane-producing archaea (methanogens). Under these conditions, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was highly efficient (> 89%). Methane (CH4) was produced from organic matter degradation by a few methanogens, mainly from Methanosaeta spp., and was enhanced by the metabolic interaction between bacteria and archaea. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) was >335 mL CH4/gCOD, indicating that the syntrophic microbial community is very efficient in removing organic matter and CH4 produced from CWW. Our results suggest that CWW could be treated in EGSB bioreactors and used as a sustainable alternative to CH4 production and also provide insights for the design of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) for bioremediation, biogas production, and other biotechnological processes.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"53 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of African wild fruits – a drive towards responsible production and consumption of the marula fruit","authors":"Edwin Hlangwani, P. H. Hal, Kgabo L. M. Moganedi, B. Dlamini","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1294437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1294437","url":null,"abstract":"The marula fruit has played a central role in the dietary intake, socioeconomic standing, and cultural practices of communities in southern Africa for over 10,000 years. The marula fruit is rich in nutritional compounds such as vitamins, minerals, organic acids, and amino acids which contribute to the health properties of the final products. These products can be sold informally by locals or developed into commercially viable, export products. The recent domestic and international demand for marula fruit-based products has raised sustainability concerns such as over-harvesting, habitat destruction, and unsustainable production practices. Given these challenges, a responsible and inclusive approach to marula production and consumption is required to meet the nutritional needs and sustainably contribute to the socioeconomic development of these communities. As a result, a scoping review approach was used to map out the literature on the production and consumption of the marula fruit. All reviewed literature explicitly focused on the marula fruit, the responsible use of the marula fruit, and sustainability practices in the production and consumption of marula fruit-based products. Furthermore, this review examined the potential benefits and challenges of expanding the production and consumption of marula products and identified strategies for promoting sustainable practices and equitable distribution of benefits. Despite the challenges in pre-and-postharvest processing, the marula fruit has remained a valuable resource. Thus, the sustainable production and consumption of the marula fruit require a holistic approach that addresses these challenges and promotes sustainable practices and equitable distribution of benefits. Central to this approach is the application of various technologies to establish robust value chains so the marula fruit industry can thrive.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"38 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of enhanced freshness formulation in optimizing antioxidant retention of gold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) harvested at two maturity stages","authors":"Sisanda S. L. Mthembu, L. S. Magwaza, S. Tesfay, A. Mditshwa","doi":"10.3389/fsufs.2023.1286677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1286677","url":null,"abstract":"Kiwifruit exhibits a climacteric ripening pattern and has as an extremely perishable nature. Considering that high perishability leads to a loss in antioxidants and overall nutritional quality. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of enhanced freshness formulation (EFF), a hexanal-based formulation containing antioxidants such as geraniol, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, on maintaining the bioactive compounds of gold kiwifruit (cv. ‘Y368’) harvested at two maturity stages. Kiwifruits were treated with three treatments, namely, control (untreated fruit), 0.01 and 0.02% (v/v) EFF. Fruits were treated with 8 weeks of cold storage at 0°C and 90% relative humidity, then transferred to 20°C for 8 days. Three bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, total phenolics and flavonoids), antioxidant capacities using DPPH and FRAP assays, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, phenylalanine and tyrosine ammonia lyase enzyme activities were evaluated. The results showed that EFF significantly (p < 0.05) influenced bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacities and the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis and oxidation of bioactive compounds. The maturity stage significantly influenced the content of bioactive compounds. Later harvested kiwifruit had greater content of bioactive compounds, compared to earlier harvested kiwifruit. The total phenolic content was 0.77, 1.09 and 1.22 mg GAE g−1 FW for control, 0.01 and 0.02% EFF, respectively. The FRAP antioxidant concentration was 0.76, 0.91 and 0.96 μmol Fe (II) g−1 FW for control, 0.01 and 0.02% EFF. The findings illustrate the capacity of EFF to optimize bioactive compounds and storability of kiwifruit during postharvest storage.","PeriodicalId":36666,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems","volume":"57 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}