AIBS Bulletin最新文献_第7页

The Scientist at the Interface — The Washington Scientist and the Scientist in Washington 界面上的科学家-华盛顿科学家和华盛顿的科学家

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293021

Sherman Ross

引用次数: 0

Space Research in the Physical Sciences 物理科学中的空间研究

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293014

John F. Clark

引用次数: 0

Life Support for Manned Space Flight 载人航天飞行的生命保障

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293009

C. Roadman, F. B. Voris

{"title":"Life Support for Manned Space Flight","authors":"C. Roadman, F. B. Voris","doi":"10.2307/1293009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1293009","url":null,"abstract":"M AN'S successes in venturing into space are merely an extension of his early efforts to survive on earth. Prehistoric man fashioned clothing, learned to use fire, and devised equipment that enabled him to explore and take nourishment to regions of the earth where existence otherwise would have been impossible. Now that man has developed a sophistication of survival that permits him to live in virtually all regions of the earth, including the oceans and the atmosphere, his new challenge is to learn to occupy and make beneficial use of the far reaches of space. The first efforts of manned space flight by the USA and the USSR have demonstrated that man can survive beyond his sensible atmosphere. These early probing flights also have established that, when adequately supported, man can carry out meaningful tasks while under the stresses of space flight. Let us examine what we mean by adequate support for man in space. A space vehicle is unique, different from any vehicle previously designed, in that it must carry with it the total environment and all materials needed for man's existence and performance throughout an entire mission. In space there is nothing material, with the possible exception of energy from the sun, that may be of assistance in the support of man. Thus, the problem of developing a manned vehicle for space is one of engineering reliable life-support systems into a sealed capsule that will ensure an environment in which the occupant can maintain his technical proficiency. It is not sufficient to merely support a man in space. He must be supported in a manner that permits him to complete his mission. Until the tolerance limits of man's physical and functional effectiveness under the stresses of space travel are fully determined, scientists and technicians must devise life-support systems based on known data, providing redundancy and wide safety factors. To accomplish this we encase the man in a vehicle that protects him from the vacuum through which he travels. To save weight and ensure capsule integrity, the vehicle's atmospheric pressure is reduced from that normal on earth to approximately 5-7 lb per square inch. Because of the pressure reduction, the capsule's oxygen content must be increased to 100%; thus terrestrial partial pressures of oxygen are approximated. The oxygen must be carried aboard and metered to the astronaut in a regular and uniform concentration. To protect the astronaut against possible failure of capsule integrity, which would result in cabin pressure dropping below that required for normal pulmonary gaseous exchange, the man is encased in a close-fitting, gas-impervious, full-pressure suit which automatically provides required pressures in the event of such emergencies. There are several possible methods of supplying oxygen. One is to carry the total supply of oxygen, either in the gaseous form in high-pressure containers or in the space-saving and weight-saving liquid or cryogenic states. A second method is ","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114110241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Obtaining Data from Space 从太空获取数据

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293012

E. C. Buckley

引用次数: 0

pU: A New Quantity in Biochemistry pU:生物化学中的一个新量

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293022

A. Pardee

引用次数: 0

Space and the Scientific Community 空间与科学界

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293013

A. Frutkin

{"title":"Space and the Scientific Community","authors":"A. Frutkin","doi":"10.2307/1293013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1293013","url":null,"abstract":"MORE than 55 countries are now co-operating with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in a variety of scientific projects, all aimed at peaceful exploration of space. This co-operation is an important and substantial part of the NASA program. Even though the first satellites were launched only a little more than 4 years ago, interest in space research is widespread. However, time is required to bring space projects to fruition. It is necessary to organize personnel, project programs based on a nation's particular competence, and find necessary funds. Other countries have much the same motives as we in wishing to conduct space research, including those with scientific, national prestige, economic, and military implications, and appreciation of long-range value in developing competence in advanced technologies. There are considerations in this country's policy of encouraging co-operative space activities. The first is the injunction of the Congress in the National Space Act of 1958, dictating that NASA do so. Motivation for the directive here was the desire that this nation conduct its space program as openly as possible, a realization that the competence of foreign scientists could be used to achieve common objectives, and a hope that the international scientific co-operation of the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58 might be preserved and strengthened. Second, the United States needs scientific stations in many parts of the world to track satellites and spacecraft and receive data from them.","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130195714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The NASA Space Edition

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/AIBSBULLETIN/12.5.23

H. L. Dryden

引用次数: 2

Reply: Parkinson's Law, the Squid, and pH 回复:帕金森定律、乌贼和pH值

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293023

R. Hersh

引用次数: 0

SCIENCE IN SPACE 太空科学

AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293005

H. Newell