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Vivisection: Ends and Means 活体解剖:目的与手段
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293045
R. Gerard
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引用次数: 0
Some Prospective Problems in Animal Virology 动物病毒学研究中的若干问题
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-04-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293046
J. Enders
{"title":"Some Prospective Problems in Animal Virology","authors":"J. Enders","doi":"10.2307/1293046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1293046","url":null,"abstract":"virology may take in the future, I am acutely aware that the unexpected will often happen to turn, to smaller or greater degree, the courses of present investigation which now appear so clearly set. All, or most all, of my conjectures, therefore, may well return to plague me and to show once again the vanity of prophesying. As a further precaution in warding off the stigma of false prophecy, I shall limit myself largely to the mammalian viruses, since here alone have I any competence. Moreover, within this group I shall comment on only a few problems relating to viral replication, pathogenicity including oncogenicity, specific therapy, and vaccination. The large and ever-increasing volume of published experimental work on viral replication strikingly reveals the central position of this phenomenon in contemporary virological research. There are good reasons, both biological and practical, underlying this intensive effort to understand, in detail, how a virus particle, without energy transforming apparatus of its own, manages to utilize the metabolic equipment of the cell to reproduce itself. At present, the specialists in this subject conceive of replication as mediated essentially by viral nucleic acids which assume the role of the","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114968724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scientists and Public Policy 科学家与公共政策
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/1292906
H. T. Cox
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship of the Peary and Barren Ground Caribou 有梨地驯鹿与贫瘠地驯鹿的关系
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/1292914
D. L. Leedy, T. H. Manning
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引用次数: 27
The Future Welfare of Botany 植物学的未来福利
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/1292908
J. Bonner
{"title":"The Future Welfare of Botany","authors":"J. Bonner","doi":"10.2307/1292908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1292908","url":null,"abstract":"Each time I go to a meeting of botanists and hear \u0000them reporting to one another the many things they \u0000are finding out, I begin to worry that soon everything \u0000about botany will be known, and then what will botanists \u0000do? The objective of every scientist in every field \u0000is, in theory, to make himself obsolete, to find out everything \u0000about his subject so that scientists can worry \u0000about new and different things. How far are we from \u0000achieving this goal in the field of botany? Of course, the \u0000complete working out of a field of knowledge never really \u0000happens. We merely approach it asymptotically. A field \u0000of investigation in the natural sciences, as in botany, is \u0000a kind of a natural resource waiting to be exploited. Its \u0000exploitation follows the kinetics of the exploitation of \u0000other natural resources such as coal, oil, and iron ore.","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129358653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Rewards for Young Scientists 青年科学家的奖励
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/1292909
Samuel N. Shapiro, L. G. Herman, W. M. Bejuki
{"title":"Rewards for Young Scientists","authors":"Samuel N. Shapiro, L. G. Herman, W. M. Bejuki","doi":"10.2307/1292909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1292909","url":null,"abstract":"LOCAL SECTIONS of scientific organizations increasingly are becoming interested in rewarding science fair participants who prepare notable exhibits in particular disciplines of science. The presentation of awards by individual societies brings supplementary recognition to students and their teachers. It has been the personal experience of the writers that excellent exhibits in the field of microbiology often have been overlooked by judges who, though excellent biologists, were not in a position to choose among specialty areas. The same may hold true for exhibits in electrochemistry, instrumentation or any other particular segment of broad scientific area.","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128235964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Marks of The Academic Man 学者的标志
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1963-02-01 DOI: 10.2307/1292907
V. I. Cheadle
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引用次数: 0
Manual Preparation of a Permuted-Title Index 手动准备一个排列标题索引
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/AIBSBULLETIN/12.6.53
Paul C. Janaske
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引用次数: 1
The Biophysical Society after Six Years 六年后的生物物理学会
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-12-01 DOI: 10.2307/1292940
F. O. Schmitt
{"title":"The Biophysical Society after Six Years","authors":"F. O. Schmitt","doi":"10.2307/1292940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1292940","url":null,"abstract":"A DECADE after the close of World War II, when most American scientists had completed the transition to their peacetime programs, the research accomplishments and opportunities in the emerging field of biophysics became sufficiently strong, despite the disparate professional aims and backgrounds of the several biomedical, biochemical, physical, and engineering component groups, to bring about the amalgamation of these groups in a national Biophysical Society in 1957. Valuable aids at this crucial time came from the Air Force, which provided the funds to underwrite the organizational meeting, and from the National Institutes of Health, through its Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry Study Section which was then in the midst of its biophysics-stimulating activities culminating in the month-long study program at Boulder, Colorado, in 1958 and the publication of the lectures on biophysical science.1 The rapid growth of the Grants Program of NIH and of the newly established National Science Foundation implemented the research plans not only of the long-established biomedical group but also of the crucial complement of brilliant physicists and engineers who had turned from nuclear physics and engineering for new inspiration and constructive goals in the life sciences. The program pattern of the Society's meetings quickly became stabilized: In addition to sections of contributed papers, three half-day plenary sessions-comprising half the time and one-seventh of the total number of sessions scheduled-were devoted to symposia on subjects of sufficient maturity and significance to warrant bringing to the attention of the entire membership. The number of contributors and invited speakers at the six annual meetings ranged between 270 and 360, the number of attendees averaged 750, while the membership reached 950 in 1962. The ratio of speakers having primary professional affiliation with universities to those working in governmental, research, or industrial establishments is about 2:1. This unexpectedly low ratio probably reflects the fact that research in new interstitial, multidisciplinary areas is in some respects easier in organizations where the research itself is the primary concern than in universities where teaching and established disciplines with vested departmental interests and programs also play a significant role. (This situation is particularly pronounced in Continental practice where university structure and curricula are even more rigid than in the United States. In Germany, for example, universities provide few if any formal curricula in biophysics, though substantial investigative programs in biophysics are being conducted in research establishments, particularly in the laboratories of the Max Planck Institutes. The university program in Great Britain, less rigid didactically, more closely resembles that of the US in this respect.) Research trends in the biophysical sciences are reflected in the symposium subjects and in the topics of the ","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133133428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sailing in New and Old Oceans 在新旧大洋中航行
AIBS Bulletin Pub Date : 1962-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/1293007
R. Revelle
{"title":"Sailing in New and Old Oceans","authors":"R. Revelle","doi":"10.2307/1293007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1293007","url":null,"abstract":"I TAKE my text from something President Kennedy said when he heard that Col. Glenn had come home successfully after his wild ride. The President's words were, 'This is the new ocean, and we must sail on it.' Naturally, as a professional sailor, I am glad that the President chose to compare space to the ocean. I like to think that the words came naturally to him, because he, himself, is a famous and brave sailor. But for the moment, I would like to emphasize something else about the President's words. He didn't say why we must sail on this new ocean of space; he simply said, 'we must.' He didn't say that space exploration is intellectually stimulating, morally sound, or practically useful. By the very simplicity of his words, the President implied something quite profound: what men can do, they must do. Unbelievably, inconceivably, we are beginning to be able to leave the surface of the Earth, on which our ancestors have crawled for countless generations, and to reach for the stars. In using our newfound ability, we are simply being human; we are rising to the challenge that lies deep within us as human beings. At this early stage of the greatest of all human adventures, people who talk about the uses of space are like Queen Victoria. She asked Michael Faraday what was the use of his experiments in electricity and magnetism experiments which are the basis of our electric power industry and of nearly everything else in our electronic world. Faraday replied, 'Why Madam, what is the use of a new-born baby?' He didn't say it, but he might have added, 'It's a miracle, it's a wonder, it's human. That is its usefulness.' Our new baby, our space adventure, faces many difficulties. We are all worried about the impact on our economy of the enormous amounts of money and effort that must be spent. We are worried because other things that need to be done may be delayed by the space effort. We are worried about what will happen to our universities, our science and our humanities, as our new baby grows to giant size, but it must grow because we are committed to. its growth. We are committed not because it will help us in our competition with the Russians or because of the economic benefits it will bring but simply because we are human beings, and the challenge of space is the greatest challenge human beings have ever had. When we Americans talk about the use of something, we usually have the word 'practical' in our minds. I am always puzzled by this word 'practical'. What does it mean? I would like to think it means more than faster transportation, greater comfort, more food, or increased longevity. Anything is useful, and thus practical, if it fills the needs of human beings. One of the greatest needs of human beings is the need for understanding. You will remember that the unknown poet who wrote the Book of Job imagined that God appeared to Job out of the whirlwind and said: 'Gird up now thy loins like a man. Declare if thou hast understanding.' The voice out ","PeriodicalId":366088,"journal":{"name":"AIBS Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1962-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134314227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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