Health Equity最新文献

{"title":"\"We Have to Move Quickly to Cement This Willingness for Change\": News Narratives About Declarations of Racism as a Public Health Crisis, 2019-2021.","authors":"Hina Mahmood, Pamela Mejia, Katherine Schaff, Catherine Labiran, Xavier Morales, Lori Dorfman","doi":"10.1089/heq.2023.0276","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2023.0276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand how declarations of racism as a public health crisis were portrayed in the news from 2019 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed a national sample of articles (<i>n</i> = 127) to see how declarations of racism as a public health crisis were characterized in the news.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Coverage skyrocketed in June 2020 with 800 articles in that month alone, many of which mentioned systemic or structural racism (43% of articles). Government speakers were quoted in 90% of articles while community voices only appeared in 24% of articles.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Narratives that center the causes of structural and systemic racism can help inform the public about the health harms of racism and can also report on solutions to achieve health and racial equity that could influence policymakers and the public.</p><p><strong>Health equity implications: </strong>Those proposing new declarations should make concerted efforts to ensure that these declarations generate news coverage, without relying on acts of violence against Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. Public health practitioners, advocates, and officials should center communities most impacted and help them in creating a system that addresses racial and health inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Age of the Soft-Girl Era: How Public Health Scholars May Seize Opportunity of Innovatively Promoting Reproductive Health and Nutritional Health Among Black Women of Color.","authors":"Vanessa Nicholson-Robinson","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0063","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current soft-girl era, a soft lifestyle promotes living with ease, comfort, healing, and joy. As health equity programs evolve, they should provide safe spaces for participants' experiences, desires, and motivations for wellness living. Contributions of the soft-girl era movement challenge the notions for historically marginalized women to thrive in their health rather than merely surviving through it. If public health fields are to expand, including the fields of Black maternal health and Black food justice, Black participation is critical. The movement offers researchers to acknowledge participant voice, thereby gaining their trust, interest, and on-going participation in health programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"9 1","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Neighborhood Social Environment and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Insights from the Add Health.","authors":"Rachel J Kulchar, Breanna J Rogers, Sam J Neally, Alyssa Shishkov, Yangyang Deng, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Kosuke Tamura","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0100","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adolescents experience major depression at disproportionately higher rates than their adult counterparts. Perceived neighborhood social environment (PNSE) has been linked with depressive symptoms among adolescents. The primary aim was to investigate the relationships between each PNSE and depressive symptoms. The secondary aim was to examine whether these associations may be varied by gender and race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 6083; mean age = 15.4) from the 1994-1995 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were asked to respond to items on depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and perceived neighborhood measures. The two depressive symptoms outcomes based on CES-D score were a continuous CES-D score and a three-level depressive symptoms variable: (i) minimal symptoms score (referent) <16, (ii) mild: 16 ≤ CES-D < 24, and (iii) moderate/severe: CES-D ≥24. PNSE included safety, social cohesion, and contentedness (i.e., 1-standard deviation unit increase). Weighted regression models were used to examine associations between each PNSE and depressive symptoms, adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived neighborhood safety, social cohesion, and contentedness were negatively related to depressive symptoms (β = -1.14, β = -0.59, and β = -1.46, respectively, all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similar patterns of negative associations were observed by gender, whereas race/ethnicity-specific analyses revealed the complexity of the associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As adolescents' favorable perceptions of their neighborhoods (safety, social cohesion, and contentedness) were related to lower depressive symptoms, efforts toward improving neighborhood conditions and resources may be imperative to drive health equity in specific subgroups and address disparities in the adolescent mental health epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"816-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Associations Between COVID-19 Stigma and Mental Health in a Population-Based Study of Adults with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Soomin Ryu, Paula Guro, Jana L Hirschtick, Robert C Orellana, Nancy L Fleischer","doi":"10.1089/heq.2023.0241","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2023.0241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) faced stigmatization, which may contribute to poor health. However, very few studies have explored the relationship between COVID-19 stigma and health, and even less is known about differences in the relationship by race and ethnicity. This article examines associations between COVID-19 stigma and mental health overall and by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a population-based probability sample of Michigan adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and May 2022. We captured COVID-19 stigma based on perceived COVID-19 stigma, fear of COVID-19 disclosure to friends or family, and fear of COVID-19 disclosure at work. We conducted modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors to estimate associations of COVID-19 stigma with depressive and anxiety symptoms adjusting for confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals who experienced perceived COVID-19 stigma had 1.44 times higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (95% confidence intervals [CIs]: 1.23-1.69) and 1.48 times higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms (95% CI: 1.30-1.69) compared with individuals who did not experience perceived stigma. Moreover, individuals who were afraid to disclose their COVID-19 diagnosis to friends or family, or who were afraid to disclose their diagnosis at work, had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, compared with those who were not afraid. These associations were more pronounced among racial and ethnic minoritized individuals than non-Hispanic White individuals.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>COVID-19 stigma was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. There is a critical need to examine long-lasting effects of stigma, particularly among racial and ethnic minoritized individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"790-799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Hostile Workplaces and Educational Spaces Within Health Services and Policy Research.","authors":"Taylor B Rogers, Kevin Q Graham, Carmen R Mitchell, Tongtan Chantarat, Michelle J Ko","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0121","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The representation of ethnoracial minoritized individuals in health services and policy research (HSPR) has increased in recent years. However, previous literature has exposed a need to acknowledge and attend to inequities within the HSPR workforce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To describe educational and workplace experiences that characterize diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within the HSPR profession. In this qualitative study, six focus groups were conducted virtually via Zoom with 27 individuals who reported working or pursuing higher education in HSPR from December 2020 to January 2021. We sought HSPRers perspectives on DEI initiatives, work and educational environments, experiences, and climate, and recommendations for improving DEI in HSPR. We developed a structured codebook and applied a deductive approach to conduct thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 27 participants, nearly half of participants identified as Black/African American (44%); most were women (81%). Three major themes emerged: (1) HSPR work and education spaces subject minoritized HSPRs to a range of exclusionary and harmful practices; (2) DEI initiatives fail to address the need for institutional change; and (3) by working with and for policymakers, HSPRs are uniquely subjected to shifting political contexts that reinforce racism.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite an increasing commitment to increasing the diversity of the HSPR workforce and improving equity and inclusion in the HSPR workplace, the findings suggest that more intentional and action-oriented work is needed, especially work that emphasizes inclusion and equity across various levels of the workplace.</p><p><strong>Health equity implications: </strong>The findings offer critical insight on necessary workplace and educational reform to develop the workforce necessary to advance population health equity and equity-oriented policy making.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"806-815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Trends in Health Care Utilization and Spending Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Medicare Beneficiaries before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Taylor Melanson, Tanvi Rao, Aditi Pathak, Mike Liu, Tracy Haidar, Rouguia Barry","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0120","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic placed unprecedented strains on the U.S. health care system, contributing to significant disruptions of care. COVID-19 was also associated with an increase in negative sentiment toward and hate crimes targeting Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) individuals. The rise in anti-AAPI violence seen across the United States may have discouraged AAPI individuals from seeking medical care beyond the barriers to seeking care imposed on all persons by the pandemic. This study examines how COVID-19 and the concurrent increase in hate crimes targeting AAPI individuals impacted care utilization.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We use fee-for-service claims from Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Parts A and B for 2017-2021. We present descriptive results and use a difference-in-differences-style regression framework to estimate changes in ambulatory utilization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and compare results across racial/ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The start of the pandemic is associated with decreases in the percentage of beneficiaries with ≥1 ambulatory visit, ambulatory visit rate, and ambulatory spending, among all racial/ethnic groups. AAPI beneficiaries suffer larger disruptions to all three measures of utilization, compared with other racial/ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Trends among AAPI beneficiaries are unlike those seen in Black, Hispanic, or White beneficiaries, suggesting that AAPI beneficiaries experience care disruptions different in cause and/or magnitude from the disruptions affecting other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial/ethnic disparities may be overlooked if results are only reported for some sub-groups. The experience of AAPI individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic is markedly different from that of other groups and warrants additional study.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"800-805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Intersectional Anticipated Discrimination with Mental Health Among Immigrant Latinos.","authors":"Cassandra Parent, Gabriel Ramírez, Cui Yang, Suzanne M Grieb, Ronald E Saxton, Diego A Martínez, Kathleen R Page","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0072","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anticipating discrimination can lead to increased vigilance, which acts as a potential stressor similar to actual discrimination experiences. However, there is limited understanding of how discrimination and anticipated discrimination affect Latinos with intersecting identities, particularly those who are immigrants. Using a cross-sectional survey, we examine the association between intersectional anticipated discrimination and mental health among immigrant Latinos.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional survey through the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations initiative (March 2022-May 2023). Participants were foreign-born adults who self-identified as Latino or Hispanic. The exposure measure used the Intersectional Anticipated Discrimination Scale, and outcomes measures included 2-item screens for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener [GAD-2]) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2]) and a 3-item screen for hazardous alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 810 participants completed the survey, of whom 66.7% were uninsured. Among them, 25.2% screened positive for anxiety, 18.1% for depression, and 20.2% for hazardous alcohol consumption. Positive screening for anxiety and depression was associated with higher levels of anticipated discrimination (GAD-2 adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 1.07; PHQ-2 AOR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.07). A dose-response relationship was observed with higher levels of anticipated discrimination and higher PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anticipated intersectional discrimination was associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in immigrant Latinos. Prioritizing culturally competent care that recognizes the heterogeneity of the Latino population, enhancing community support, and implementing targeted policy interventions are imperative steps toward promoting mental health equity among this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"770-779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11844664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Active Transportation Through Mobility Justice and Centering Community.","authors":"Barbara I Baquero, Rachel Berney, Evalynn Fae T Romano, Olivia Hicks, Robert Getch, Crystal Hall, Stephen J Mooney, Dori Rosenberg, K L Shannon, Brian E Saelens, Katherine D Hoerster","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0087","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We established a community-academic-policy partnership to examine mobility challenges and opportunities by centering members of a diverse South Seattle neighborhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three participatory research methods were used: (a) 30- to 60-min qualitative interviews with community leaders (<i>n</i> = 12) and members (<i>n</i> = 16); (b) a photovoice with youth (<i>n</i> = 10); and (c) mobility audits. We also engaged extensively in community dissemination and advocacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major themes emerged: experiences with the built environment; conflicting views on promoting active transportation; experiences of danger, violence, and racism while moving in the community; and pride and connections within the community. Mobility audit findings reinforced many community member messages about needed infrastructure changes. Participants consistently expressed the need for neighborhood and city-wide structural improvements to support transportation and mobility, including enhanced public transportation; better lighting, crosswalks, sidewalks, pavement, and curb cuts; and maintenance of a neighborhood mixed-use trail. Participants shared the importance of community connection while walking, rolling, or using public transit and wanted to maintain this experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, findings identified ways to increase nonmotorized transportation and public transit access, safety, and resilience, centering solutions on communities of color. We disseminated and amplified community recommendations to advance mobility justice in South Seattle via a community forum, developing a website, holding meetings with local leaders, and writing through print and electronic media. A key, novel strength of our project was the addition of community organizations, community-academic partners, and government leaders from the project's inception. Local leaders should engage in mobility justice-focused community engagement to advance equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"720-730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Journey Toward Health Care Equity: Accredited Hospitals' Alignment with Joint Commission Health Care Equity Standards Preimplementation.","authors":"Jamie Patrianakos, Scott C Williams, Brian Johnson, David W Baker","doi":"10.1089/heq.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Joint Commission (TJC) released new health care equity (HCE) standards for hospitals with the goal of helping organizations monitor and improve equity of care. This study assessed the state of the field immediately following the release of the new standards to gain a baseline understanding of the field's progress toward HCE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional observational study. An online questionnaire assessed four domains related to organization's progress toward HCE, as it aligns with TJC's accreditation and certification requirements: 1) leadership, 2) collaboration, 3) collecting and using data, and 4) provision of care. The questionnaire was distributed between April and June 2023. Included hospitals received an accreditation visit in 2022 or were scheduled for a visit after October 2024, leaving 2,098 eligible hospitals. A representative sample of 1,625 hospitals received the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 340 hospitals (20.9%) responded to the questionnaire. Hospitals were mostly meeting the mark in the leadership domain, but many have addressed the other domains to a limited degree. Not-for profit hospitals and those that are part of a system were more likely to have made strides toward achieving compliance with HCE requirements, whereas behavioral health/psychiatric hospitals have made less progress in this area.</p><p><strong>Health equity implications: </strong>Many of the hospitals surveyed have made advances in the HCE-related topics covered in this study, but achieving HCE is only part of the journey toward overall health equity. Societal institutions must work together to address the social determinants of health for entire communities in addition to individual patient needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"738-745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Engaged Approach for Health Equity: Enhancing an Active Environment in Michigan.","authors":"Tsu-Yin Wu, Xining Yang, Alex Swartzinski, Jessica Kwek","doi":"10.1089/heq.2023.0237","DOIUrl":"10.1089/heq.2023.0237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in physical activity (PA) has been reported in the United States and worldwide. Post-COVID-19, there is thus an urgent need for public health initiatives to revive individuals' interest and support for regular PA. The academic-community partnership between the EMU REACH team and community stakeholders co-designed and implemented an actionable alley activation. The objectives were to (1) Apply a community-based participatory approach for conducting walk audits, and (2) Evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the alley activation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The intervention took place in Hamtramck, Michigan and the project team engaged the stakeholders, performed environmental scans, assessed the setting, developed and implemented alley activation, and evaluated the process and outcomes of the intervention. The pilot was assessed using evaluation surveys in multiple languages and speed studies with traffic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two residents and business owners helped implement the alley activation; 54 completed surveys offering feedback about the design and their experiences; and 1,669 residents saw immediate improvements in non-motorized connectivity. The evaluation surveys showed that respondents were positive about the project. For the traffic studies, vehicle speeds were reduced from an average of 28.3 MPH during conflicts with pedestrians to 23 MPH, and total conflicts were also reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This quick-build project served as an initial effort for the future implementation of other place-making strategies. The bottom-up community-engaged process has the potential to create a safe, appropriately scaled space that will promote increased walkability in an inner city.</p>","PeriodicalId":36602,"journal":{"name":"Health Equity","volume":"8 1","pages":"746-755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}