Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Multidimensional Well Being of Women in Rural Southern and Northern Region, Nigeria.","authors":"Y. Oladokun, K. Adenegan, Olubunmi Olanike","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3070208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3070208","url":null,"abstract":"Women account for a large percentage of the income-poor and they have low well-being. Thus, this study did a comparative analysis of multidimensional wellbeing of women in rural Southern and Northern Region, Nigeria. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data was used, 4641 women data from Southern Region (SR) and 14228 women data from Northern Region (NR). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and fuzzy analysis. The mean age of women in SR was 34 with a standard deviation of 9 while the mean age in NR was 30 with a standard deviation of 9. The mean household size in SR was 6 with a standard deviation of 3 while for NR the mean was 7 with a standard deviation of 4. More than half of the women in rural Southern region Nigeria (52.60%) have wellbeing index below the mean while 61.7% have wellbeing index lower than the mean in Northern region. Women in the Southern region are better off than women in Northern region. Women in the SR region are better off than women in the NR. Interventions in the area of education, employment, health and nutrition, autonomy and information access is needed for women in Northern region especially women in the North West.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131417080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russia's 1999–2000 Election Cycle and the Politics-Banking Interface","authors":"K. Schoors, L. Weill","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3065178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3065178","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate whether lending by the dominant Russian state bank, Sberbank, contributed to Vladimir Putin’s ascent to power during the presidential elections of March 2000. Our hypothesis is that Sberbank corporate loans could have been used as incentives for managers at private firms to mobilize employees to vote for the incumbent regime. In line with our proposed voter mobilization mechanism, we find that the regional growth of Sberbank corporate loans in the months before the presidential election is related to the regional increase in votes for Putin and to the regional increase in voter turnout between the Duma election of December 1999 and the presidential election of March 2000. The effect of Sberbank firm lending on Putin votes was most pronounced in regions where the governor was affiliated with the regime and in regions with extensive private employment. The effect was less apparent in regions with many single-company towns, where voter intimidation is sufficient to get the required result. Additional robustness checks and placebo regressions confirm the main findings. Our results support the view that additional Sberbank corporate loans granted prior to the March 2000 presidential election facilitated Putin’s early electoral success.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115021465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cselekvőképesség korlátozása – néhány döntéselméleti és pszichológiai szempont (The Limits of (Contractual) Capacity – from the Point of View of Decision Theory and Psychology)","authors":"V. Lőrincz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3056337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3056337","url":null,"abstract":"<b>English Abstract:</b> The study presents the background of the limits of contractual capacity focusing on decision theory and psychology. Using the biased decisions linked to the development and damages of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex as model, we analyse the somatic marker hypothesis of António Damásio, as a fundamental paradigm of the psychology of decision-making. Some areas of the brain, also responsible for emotions, play an important role in decision-making too. The above-mentioned impairment remains often undetected and this results serious consequences in private law, if the contractual capacity (and the responsibility) remains unlimited. The development of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex also influences the decision of healthy minors. Some healthy older adults also show lower performance on the Iowa Gambling Task, a test designed to detect the impairment of decision-making. In our opinion, law must react on these phenomena, especially the regulation of contractual capacity, but the problem has an implication on other areas too. <b>Hungarian Abstract:</b> A tanulmány a cselekvőképesség korlátozásának pszichológiai és döntéselméleti hátterével foglalkozik, modellként véve egy agyterület, a ventromediális prefrontális kéreg sérülését és az ezen terület által befolyásolt komplex döntéseket. António Damásio szomatikus marker-elmélete a döntéshozás pszichológiájának egyik alapvető paradigmája. Eszerint a fent említett, elsősorban az érzelmekért felelős agyterület sérülése a racionális döntéshozatalban is szerepet játszik. A gyakran lappangó zavar a polgári jogban súlyos következményekhez vezet, ha az adott személy cselekvőképességét teljesnek tekintjük. A ventromediális prefrontális kéreg fejlődése továbbá kihat az egészséges kiskorúak döntésére is, illetve a döntések mérésére szolgáló Iowa Gambling Tasken az idős felnőttek egy része is rosszul teljesít. Véleményünk szerint a jognak ezeket a tényezőket is figyelembe kell vennie a cselekvőképesség polgári jogi szabályozásánál, illetve – esetleg eltérő mértékben- más jogágakban is.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128106432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bias in Perceptions of Public Opinion Among American Political Elites","authors":"David E. Broockman, Christopher Skovron","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2930362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2930362","url":null,"abstract":"The conservative asymmetry of elite polarization represents a significant puzzle. We argue that politicians can maintain systematic misperceptions of constituency opinion that may contribute to breakdowns in dyadic representation. We demonstrate this argument with original surveys of 3,765 politicians' perceptions of constituency opinion on nine issues. In 2012 and 2014, state legislative politicians from both parties dramatically overestimated their constituents' support for conservative policies on these issues, a pattern consistent across methods, districts, and states. Republicans drive much of this overestimation. Exploiting responses from politicians in the same district, we confirm these partisan differences within individual districts. Further evidence suggests that this overestimation may arise due to biases in who contacts politicians, as in recent years Republican citizens have been especially likely to contact legislators, especially fellow Republicans. Our findings suggest a novel force can operate in elections and in legislatures: politicians can systematically misperceive what their constituents want.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"288 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121261571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"East Versus West on the European Populism Scale","authors":"Jonas Gunnarsson, G. Zoega","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-23053-1_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23053-1_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125699127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reanalyzing Tourangeau (2017) and Brick and Tourangeau (2017): A Research Note on Nonresponse Bias","authors":"Justin T. Pickett","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3042254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3042254","url":null,"abstract":"In two important studies, Tourangeau (2017) and Brick and Tourangeau (2017) reanalyzed Groves and Peytcheva’s (2008) meta-analytic data on nonresponse bias. They found that: 1) 23% of the variation in nonresponse bias (absolute relbias) is between studies, and 2) there is a sizable and robust study-level correlation between bias and response rates, which is much larger than the estimate-level correlation (more than twice as large with analytic weights applied). Initially, however, these authors examined two different measures of nonresponse bias, absolute differences and absolute relbias, because of concerns the absolute relbias measure was misleading. Unfortunately, only the absolute relbias results were included in the two published articles. In the current study, I replicate and extend their published results, fixing an error in their analysis. I also provide the omitted results for absolute differences. The published and omitted results lead to dissimilar conclusions. In the omitted findings for absolute differences, much more of the variation (40-46%) in nonresponse bias is at the study level, but the study-level correlation between bias and response rates tends to be much weaker, weaker even than the estimate-level correlation, is sometimes positive, is rarely statistically significant, and is highly sensitive to model specification. The dissimilarities in the results for absolute differences versus absolute relbias raise important new questions for future research.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129331282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Election Security and Economics: It's All About Eve","authors":"D. Basin, H. Gersbach, A. Mamageishvili, Lara Schmid, O. Tejada","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3033809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033809","url":null,"abstract":"A system’s security must be understood with respect to the capabilities and behaviors of an adversary Eve. It is often assumed in security analysis that Eve acts as maliciously as possible. From an economic perspective, Eve tries to maximize her utility in a game with other participants. The game’s rules are determined by the system and its security mechanisms, but Eve can invent new ways of interacting with participants. We show that Eve can be used as an interface to explore the interplay between security and economics in the domain of elections. Through examples, we illustrate how reasoning from both disciplines may be combined to explicate Eve’s motives and capabilities and how this analysis could be used for reasoning about the security and performance of elections. We also point to future research directions at the intersection of these disciplines.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128752975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return on Trust is Lower for Immigrants","authors":"E. Cettolin, S. Suetens","doi":"10.1111/ECOJ.12629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ECOJ.12629","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted an experiment with a representative sample of the Dutch population to study whether trustworthiness depends on the ethnicity of the interaction partner. Native Dutch trustees play with an anonymous trustor, who is either another native Dutch or a non-Western immigrant. We find that trustees reciprocate trust up to 12% less if the trustor is a non-Western immigrant than if he/she is native Dutch. This percentage increases up to 23% for trustees who report disliking ethnic diversity in an independent survey. Since the decision to reciprocate does not involve behavioural risk, our results provide evidence of taste-based discrimination.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127587271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Opinion on Education Policy in Germany","authors":"Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/13712.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13712.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"To better understand the political economy constraints of education policy, we have conducted the annual ifo Education Survey in Germany since 2014. This paper summarizes selected key findings on the German publics' preferences for education policies ranging from early childhood education and schools to the apprenticeship system, universities, and lifelong learning. While the emerging picture is complex and multifaceted, some general patterns emerge. The majority of Germans is surprisingly open to education reform and favors clear performance orientation. Survey experiments indicate that information can have substantial effects on public policy preferences. Overall, education policies seem important for respondents' voting behavior.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123777537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vote Buying and Campaign Promises","authors":"Philip Keefer, Razvan Vlaicu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2716533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2716533","url":null,"abstract":"What explains the wide variation across countries in the use of vote buying and policy promises during election campaigns? We address this question, and account for a number of stylized facts and apparent anomalies regarding vote buying, using a model in which parties cannot fully commit to campaign promises. We find that high vote buying is associated with frequent reneging on campaign promises, strong electoral competition, and high policy rents. Frequent reneging and low party competence reduce campaign promises. If vote buying can be financed out of public resources, incumbents buy more votes and enjoy an electoral advantage, but they also promise more public goods. Vote buying has distributional consequences: voters targeted with vote buying pre-election may receive no government benefits post-election. The results point to obstacles to the democratic transition from clientelist to programmatic forms of electoral competition: parties may not benefit electorally from institutions that increase commitment.","PeriodicalId":365899,"journal":{"name":"Political Behavior: Voting & Public Opinion eJournal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133147050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}