Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association最新文献_第10页

From Conspicuous to Conscious Consumers: Ottoman Muslim Women, the Mamulat-ı Dahiliye İstihlakı Kadınlar Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi, and the National Economy 从引人注目到有意识的消费者：奥斯曼穆斯林妇女、达希利亚的马穆拉特研究妇女社会史和国民经济

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.09

Nicole A.N.M. van Os

引用次数: 1

In the Beginning Was “A Woman”: Motivation, Agency, and the Will of Fatma Aliye 《一开始是一个女人:动机、能动性和法蒂玛·阿利耶的意志》

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.06

Başak Deniz Özdoğan

引用次数: 0

The Solitary Female Refugees and the Widows’ Asylum (Kırmızı Kışla) in Late Nineteenth-Century Istanbul 19世纪末伊斯坦布尔的孤独女性难民和寡妇收容所(Kırmızı Kışla)

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.07

Gülhan Balsoy

{"title":"The Solitary Female Refugees and the Widows’ Asylum (Kırmızı Kışla) in Late Nineteenth-Century Istanbul","authors":"Gülhan Balsoy","doi":"10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the short-lived asylum, Kırmızı Kışla (Red Barracks), established to offer shelter and protection to the women forced to migrate to the Ottoman capital as the result of the 1877–78 Russo-Ottoman War. The main Ottoman policy toward the refugees was to settle them in the underpopulated parts of the imperial territory. However, women who lost their families were not seen suitable for the Ottoman settlement policy unlike the male refugees who offered the twin benefits of cultivating land and paying tax. But what the solitary female refugees would do in the Ottoman capital, where they were going to stay, or how they would earn their bread was not clear. Moreover, the bureaucrats as well as the middle classes of the city feared that protracted poverty and misery might draw especially women without male guardians to immoral ways. The asylum in Istanbul was established in such a context and with the concern to offer relief and control to refugee women. In sum, this article focuses on the specific case of Kırmızı Kışla as an opportunity to discuss the experiences of the otherwise invisible female refugees and search ways of making them agents of research.","PeriodicalId":36583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"73 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47374372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“The Homeland Will Not be Saved Merely by Chastity”: Women’s Agency, Nationalism, and Morality in the Late Ottoman Empire 《祖国不会仅仅靠贞操得救》:晚期奥斯曼帝国的妇女代理、民族主义和道德

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.08

Ç. Oğuz

引用次数: 0

“A Pensioned Gentleman”: Women’s Agency and the Political Economy of Marriage in Istanbul during World War I “退休的绅士”:第一次世界大战期间伊斯坦布尔的妇女机构和婚姻的政治经济

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.04

Kate Dannies

{"title":"“A Pensioned Gentleman”: Women’s Agency and the Political Economy of Marriage in Istanbul during World War I","authors":"Kate Dannies","doi":"10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:How to survive economically after the loss of their breadwinner was the dilemma faced by women during World War I in the Ottoman Empire. Scholarship on the socioeconomic impact of World War I has emphasized women’s entry into the labor force. While the war did facilitate women’s unprecedented access to public space, it reinforced dynamics that ultimately limited women’s economic security and access to citizenship rights. The political economy of World War I led to the codification of patriarchal support and dependence in law, while weakening in practice the existing marital economic bargain between breadwinners and housewives. Meanwhile, the Ottoman state sought to ensure that any expansion in women’s labor market participation was temporary. Through an analysis of marriage advertisements published in 1918, this study demonstrates that breadwinner-housewife marriage remained the primary means by which Ottoman women sought to achieve economic security during World War I. Men, meanwhile, traded on their wartime social capital to demand ever greater domestic and financial contributions from prospective wives. The requests that Ottoman women made of potential grooms, and the qualities and resources they offered in return, therefore provide an important but overlooked window into women’s agency in the final years of the Ottoman Empire.","PeriodicalId":36583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"13 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Yazıcıoğlu Brothers and Vernacular Islamic Apologetics on the Fifteenth-Century Mediterranean Frontier Yazıcıoğlu兄弟和15世纪地中海边境的本土伊斯兰护教学

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.10

Carlos Grenier

{"title":"The Yazıcıoğlu Brothers and Vernacular Islamic Apologetics on the Fifteenth-Century Mediterranean Frontier","authors":"Carlos Grenier","doi":"10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:“To write a book so that the people of our land…. [would] know the bond of Islam,” was the stated aim of Ahmed Yazıcıoğlu as he composed Envarü’l-Asıkin, a Turkish work of catechistics and dogmatics in the Ottoman frontier city of Gelibolu in 1451. Alongside his older brother Mehmed, the Yazıcıoğlus completed a widely-read set of vernacular writings on religion that helped define the popular face of Ottoman Sunnism. But why were they so keen on presenting a basic vision of Islam to the ordinary believer of Rumelia in the mid-fifteenth century? This article will explore how the Yazıcıoğlus’ catechistic corpus emerged out of the interconfessional conversations of the Ottoman frontier lands. It is here argued that the Yazıcıoğlus’ dogmatics can be read as attempts to clarify a perceived confusion as to the boundaries between Islam and Christianity, a synthesis that could teach an audience of new or unlettered Muslims the distinctness of their own religious community. This article invites further exploration of the way Ottoman imperial piety, just as in other early modern societies, continued to bear traces of its origin in the borderlands and its particular local circumstances.","PeriodicalId":36583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"131 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47231044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Women’s Agency in the Late Ottoman Empire 奥斯曼帝国晚期的妇女机构

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.03

Ç. Oğuz

引用次数: 0

Mihri Rasim and the Founding of the Women’s Fine Arts Academy, İnas Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi: a Double-edged New Social Reality Mihri Rasim和女子美术学院的建立，İnas Sanayi-i - Nefise Mektebi:一个双刃剑的新社会现实

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.05

Özlem Güli̇n Dağoğlu

{"title":"Mihri Rasim and the Founding of the Women’s Fine Arts Academy, İnas Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi: a Double-edged New Social Reality","authors":"Özlem Güli̇n Dağoğlu","doi":"10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:An iconic and pioneering Ottoman-Turkish portrait painter and educator, Mihri Rasim (d. 1954) resisted social and religious conventions prescribing women’s lives to the intimacy of domestic spheres. A deeply committed feminist, she used her political connections with the Young Turk leaders to help expand institutional, educational, and professional opportunities available to Ottoman women. In 1914, she founded the first fine arts academy for Ottoman women in Istanbul, the İnas Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi. Thanks to her initiatives, women received an art education comparable to European artistic standards considered the best at the time and gained access to a new line of profession. Despite her critical role in Ottoman-Turkish art history and education, scholarship on Rasim is very limited. This article thus aims to bring to the fore her work to establish the Women’s Academy and how it was received. Ottoman women seized the opportunity to enhance their agency in the public sphere and in the male-dominated Ottoman art milieu, although they could not overcome certain cultural and social limitations, real and symbolic, on women’s bodies. The Women’s Fine Arts Academy was a double-edged new social reality. This study argues that the academy also cosmetically served modernization—the principal ideology of the nationalist project.","PeriodicalId":36583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"33 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sixteenth-Century Poturnak Endowments in the Ottoman Western Balkans: The Boljanić Family 16世纪奥斯曼西巴尔干半岛的波图纳克禀赋:博尔贾尼奇家族

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-28 DOI: 10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.11

Sanja Kadrić

{"title":"Sixteenth-Century Poturnak Endowments in the Ottoman Western Balkans: The Boljanić Family","authors":"Sanja Kadrić","doi":"10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.6.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Charitable endowments known as vakıf bolstered the urbanization, Islamization, and Ottomanization of the western Balkans. Some of the wealthiest and the most famous of these endowments were established by Ottoman state officials native to the region. This article focuses on two such officials, Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić (d. 1595) and Kara Sinan Bey Boljanić (d. 1582). These two brothers entered into Ottoman service through the devşirme, a levy of young men from rural and mostly Christian subjects living in parts of Anatolia and the Balkans. Hüseyin Pasha and Kara Sinan Bey are somewhat exceptional because they were Poturnak oğlanları, Muslim recruits for the devşirme. This article examines the motives behind their endowments. It places these motives in the larger context of the brothers’ shared identity as Poturnak oğlanları, their commercial and military interests, their relationship with the republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), and their family’s connection to the famed Sokollus. In doing so, this article elucidates how endowments in the western Balkans reflected the backgrounds, regional identities, and personal interests of their benefactors, as well as how they were shaped by their benefactors’ intisap (political clientage) and kinship ties.","PeriodicalId":36583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association","volume":"6 1","pages":"155 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46710862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Judicial Reforms, Sharia Law, and the Death Penalty in the Late Ottoman Empire 奥斯曼帝国晚期的司法改革、伊斯兰教法和死刑

Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association Pub Date : 2020-01-18 DOI: 10.2979/JOTTTURSTUASS.4.1.02

Ebru Aykut

{"title":"Judicial Reforms, Sharia Law, and the Death Penalty in the Late Ottoman Empire","authors":"Ebru Aykut","doi":"10.2979/JOTTTURSTUASS.4.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/JOTTTURSTUASS.4.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There is a general consensus among Ottomanists that capital punishment became a rare occurrence in the Ottoman Empire from the 1840s onwards. This paper argues that two structural aspects of the reformed criminal justice system functioned as constraints on the imposition of the death penalty in the late Ottoman Empire. The first concerns the Tanzimat state’s particular attention to the principle of legality and procedural correctness with regard to criminal prosecution and sentencing. These principles, together with a centralized judicial review procedure, deprived local authorities of discretionary punishment powers that left them little leeway to administer the law on their own. This resulted in the circumscribed use of summary executions and death sentences for crimes against the state. The second aspect concerns the merging of Islamic criminal law, particularly Hanafi doctrines, with state-enacted penal codes, and, in parallel, the dual trial procedure carried out in crimes committed against individuals, i.e., homicide. Drawing on archival sources as well as distinct viewpoints harbored by the Ottoman elites, this article contends that the mingling of two spheres of jurisdiction extensively restricted the power of the judicial councils/Nizamiye courts to pass death sentences for acts of premeditated murder.","PeriodicalId":36583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association","volume":"4 1","pages":"29 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2979/JOTTTURSTUASS.4.1.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1