{"title":"A sequestrate Psilocybe from Scotland","authors":"R. Watling, M. Martín","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685009","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A purplish brown-spored, gasteroid basidiomycete found in association with Psilocybe semilanceata in Midlothian, Scotland is shown by molecular methods to be only a morphotype of P. semilanceata. The significance of the results in relation to many similar sequestrate collections of so-called members of the genera Cyttarophyllum, Galeropsis, Gastrocybe and Weraroa in national herbaria are investigated.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"402 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116658268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the quality of plant communities in the uplands","authors":"A. Macdonald","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685053","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper describes the assessment of upland plant communities in the context of Scottish Natural Heritage's Site Condition Monitoring (SCM) programme. The quality of all notified features on all statutory designated sites will be monitored every six years, with the first national report being produced in 2005. Notified habitat features are largely defined in terms of plant communities. It is important to appreciate that plant communities are to some extent used as proxy indicators for wider interests. Upland monitoring will cover 973 specific vegetation features (grouped into just over thirty generic feature types) and 66 habitat assemblage features, spread over 223 sites and 6516 km2. Problems and solutions associated with the identification of feature boundaries, quality attributes and targets, and sampling are discussed. Three sets of assessment issues are selected for further discussion: first, appropriate species composition, and the use of direct and indirect targets; second, appropriate disturbance regimes and how this relates to naturalness and bioiversity; and third, the inclusion in monitoring of long-term progressive changes that may also be large scale. Finally, a brief summary is provided of those plant communities and processes for which, currently, monitoring can only be superficial because of insufficient information.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114681220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of Scottish plant conservation: Problems, research needs and policy issues","authors":"M. Gibby","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685043","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Although Scotland's vascular plant flora is depauperate in comparison with that of Mediterranean countries, it has a particularly rich bryophyte and lichen flora of international importance. It is a country with great habitat diversity including unique habitats like the woodlands and mountains of the west coast. Conservation of plant species and habitats in Scotland has been directed through targeted action plans since 1995. Analyses have been made of their effectiveness and of the research needs arising from these targets. Monitoring and survey work are essential for effective target setting, and for reviewing progress. Important cross-cutting issues include the science for conservation and genetic diversity, ecosystem function, the impact of non-native species and climate change. The Biodiversity Action Plan process has proved to be an effective tool. However, we also need to consider a broader spectrum of the flora, to include other key habitats or species with Scottish populations of international importance, including many bryophytes and lichens. Expertise in these groups is scarce; their conservation is dependent on success in training the next generation of experts.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124151021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuing studies of radioactive caesium in British Mushrooms","authors":"R. Watling, A. Walley, K. Grudpan","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Caesium137 was measured in collections of Lactarius blennius and Russula mairei made in September 1999 from the same sites in Central Scotland as material collected and analysed in 1987 and 1990. The results indicated that caesium137 is still present in the ecosystem at significant concentrations even after twelve years.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132392881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment and development of conservation policies in Scotland","authors":"C. Sydes","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685061","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Existing special mechanisms for the protection of plants are very limited in their scope. The UKBAP is potentially much stronger but depends on close collaboration between the conservation agencies and voluntary groups to fill our skills gaps especially for lower plants. Currently there are provisions for the list of UKBAP priority species to develop with changing needs only in England and Wales. Appropriate monitoring should increase the effectiveness of SSSI in protecting plants but plants will not be monitored on those sites where the citation fails to mention a valid plant feature. Lower plants are particularly poorly represented on existing citations. A change in the law in England and Wales permits citations to be revised there without site renotification. We could do more to effectively protect plants by targeting threatened plant populations by making small and isolated populations a priority for remedial management; by intervening when significant populations of a wider range of species are threatened by change and by restoring populations of species which are locally important but do not register on any national lists. Direct intervention can be a very cost-effective way to ensure the survival and enhancement of species. Botanists need to debate their views on this.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122977213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scottish vascular plants in a global conext","authors":"C. Preston","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685044","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A recent reassessment of the flora of Scotland has provided an estimate of 1000 native vascular plant species, excluding c. 350 microspecies in the genera Hieracium, Rubus and Taraxacum. The figure can only be approximate, as there are uncertainties about what constitutes a species and which accepted species are native. The total is lower than the equivalent totals for tropical or warm-temperate regions of similar area, and this almost certainly reflects the climatic differences between the regions as well as the recent glacial history of Scotland. The 50 oceanic species in Scotland are clearly important on a world scale; Scottish populations of species which are more widespread but currently declining in Europe may also be important but are difficult to identify in the absence of Europe-wide data on such floristic trends. Compared to other groups, the British ferns and fern-allies are extremely well represented in Scotland and flowering plants moderately well represented. The ferns include a large proportion of species in predominantly tropical genera. Scottish vascular plant species which are rare or scarce in Britain fall predominantly into the northern floristic elements. Of the eleven Scottish endemic vascular plant species currently recognised only Primula scotica appears to be manifestly distinct, thus calling into question the current very great emphasis on the conservation of endemic species.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124830071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The management and conservation of machair vegetation","authors":"M. Kent, T. Dargie, C. Reid","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685057","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The nature and distribution of the machair sand dune plant communities of the north and west of Scotland are reviewed, emphasising their botanical interest for conservation. Recent conservation initiatives are discussed, particularly the Machair Habitat Action Plan (HAP) and the existing Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) scheme. Research into phytosociology and habitat inventory has revealed significant new machair vegetation types and the relevance of the results to provision of information for conservation planning and decision-making is evaluated. Successful conservation depends on three important issues: current crofting practices and trends, past machair management, and the dynamic interactions between ecology and geomorphology. Research into the functioning and dynamics of machair communities is very limited. Research into post-disturbance vegetation recolonisation following cultivation is described, along with information on seed banks/seed rain and the effects of repeated burial on the vegetation. Modern agricultural trends which threaten machair condition are identified, including the change from cattle to sheep grazing, use of artificial fertilisers/pesticides, deep ploughing and drainage improvements. Finally, the possible impacts of future climate change are introduced and the need for further research into the ecological effects of medium-term management under the Environmentally Sensitive Area prescriptions and the Habitat Action Plan is raised.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122862559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting survival prospects of rare plants","authors":"C. Legg, N. Cowie, C. Sydes","doi":"10.1080/03746600308685050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600308685050","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The distributions of Scottish rare plants are well known and we have a good understanding of the communities and habitats in which they occur. But how do we ensure that populations are maintained or enhanced? The ecological processes that determine current population size and distribution must be understood. We review the type of information from monitoring that is required to assess change in species status and to guide conservation management. Managing for habitats must be the right approach to conserving species, but we need to take careful consideration of the individual requirements of different species. Environments fluctuate at a range of spatial and temporal scales; we review the evidence that rare plant species respond to such fluctuations. We consider that there might be a danger that overprotecting some habitats, by trying to maintain constant ideal management prescriptions, might be putting some species at risk. We believe that conservation managers can resolve the apparent conflicts between management for different species by ensuring environmental variation in space and time.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126139653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The UK Machair Habitat Action Plan: Progress and problems","authors":"Stewart Angus, T. Dargie","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685029","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Machair is a complex dune grassland habitat confined to Scotland and Ireland. With two-thirds of the world area of machair in Scotland, the UK has a special responsibility for this resource, and the UK Machair Habitat Action Plan identifies a range of realistic management targets and actions aimed at protecting and enhancing the habitat. Machair's conservation importance is substantially reliant on active, traditional management, but quantitative and location-based information on management is rarely available, and this will have an impact on any numerical targets in the Plan. Though progress has been made on many of the actions, further measurable progress will very much depend, not only on improvements in the information base, but also in the understanding of relationships between land use and biodiversity. Progress to date on actions and targets is evaluated, and problems are identified.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115168124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecology and diversity of waxcap (Hygrocybe spp.) Fungi","authors":"G. Griffith, Gary L. Easton, Andrew W Jones","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685025","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Members of the genus Hygrocybe are ubiquitous and colourful components of many undisturbed and nutrient-poor grasslands in the UK. Through a number of detailed surveys of the distribution of Hygrocybe spp. and of genera showing similar patterns of occurrence (e.g. Clavaria spp., Entoloma spp., Geoglossum spp.) a picture is gradually emerging of the more important ‘waxcap grassland’ sites, and of those species in greatest need of protection. Waxcap fungi are far from ideal experimental organisms which explains why so little has been published about their biology and ecology. They cannot be cultured on laboratory media and the correct conditions for inducing spores of most species to germinate have yet to be established. Nevertheless approaches such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry and the use of molecular biology techniques are beginning to provide an insight into the role played by these organisms in grassland ecosystems, and why they are so adversely affected by many agricultural practices. Current field experiments at various sites including Sourhope near Kelso will also permit investigations into waxcap ecology to be correlated with parallel studies of other members of the soil biota.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131942620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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