Botanical Journal of Scotland最新文献

{"title":"Maintenance and recovery of rare clonal plants: the Case of the twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.)","authors":"C. Wilcock","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685033","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Populations of rare clonally spreading species are increasingly being shown to be composed of one or a few genotypes. Clones have potentially unlimited life but two factors, genetic erosion due to random events and increasing accumulation of genetic load in older genotypes, combine to expose them to sexual failure and loss of fertility. Non-breeding clonal populations are at risk of extinction because they lack the ability to adapt or escape from changing environments. Twinflower (Linnaea borealis L.) has been lost from nearly 50 % of its pre-1970 sites. It is a clonal self-incompatible plant and sexual failure has been reported from Canada, Britain and Scandinavia. Sexual failure is due to high levels of within-clone pollination by flies. Seed set occurs naturally in Scottish populations which have some genetic diversity. A non-breeding population in Scotland has been restored to viability by experimental cross-pollination with pollen from a distant source. Conservation action for this species should therefore be directed to the prevention of loss of habitat and restoration of population viability by translocation of compatible mates. Translocating plants into extant, but non-breeding, populations are still a matter of debate and are frequently opposed. However, experimental translocations must now be performed to establish whether intervention can secure the long-term survival of rare clonal plants without the constant need for re-introduction.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"370 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122854476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The non-native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands","authors":"D. Broughton, J. Mcadam","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685036","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Non-native species form a significant, but under-recorded, component of the Falkland Islands vascular flora. With this in mind a comprehensive re vie w of the non-native flora of the Falkland Islands was undertaken for the first time since the publication of the definitive Flora in 1968. We have recorded 175 non-native taxa, from 46 families, from the Falkland Islands which are listed with accompanying notes on habitat, status and distribution. Twenty-nine of these are likely to be commonly encountered, though only Aira praecox, Cerastium fontanum, Rumex acetosella and Sagina procumbens are near ubiquitous throughout. The origins of much of the non-native flora are obscure, however most species seem to be of European descent, and a significant proportion of taxa seem to have become established after introductions for agricultural and horticultural purposes.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131565463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The establishment of recovery sites for Saxifraga hirculus L. in NE Scotland","authors":"D. Welch","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685030","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Work fulfilling actions and research specified in the Biodiversity Action Plan for SaxÍfraga hirculus is described. Two recovery sites have been set up in suitable mires situated within 3 km of lost sites. Seeds from two of the three remaining N. Scottish sites germinated readily, and plants were successfully propagated in a garden. Transplanting to the first recovery site began in 1996 and to the second in 2000. Transplants survived well and increased in size, with some flowering. Direct sowing of seeds to the recovery sites was less successful, with poor survival and very slow growth of seedlings. Competition from resident mire plants is thought to control the performance of the transplants, growth being most checked in hummocks of Sphagnum warnstorfii. Ideally transplants should have c. 100 cm2 basal area.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128065177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the soil Seed Bank in the restoration of a native pinewood at Glen Garry, Inverness-shire","authors":"P. Arkle, D. Malcolm, C. Nixon","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685039","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The potential recovery of ground vegetation in a pinewood at Glen Garry, from which introduced tree species had been removed, was studied by sampling the upper soil seed bank and comparing the species composition of germinating seedlings with extant vegetation. Mean numbers and species of seedlings emerging differed between a control site (not under-planted) and two formerly under-planted sites cleared at different times. Germinating seedling numbers also differed with depth (0–10 cm). Calluna vulgaris and Juncus spp. dominated fifteen species germinating from the seed bank, while some other pinewood species were not found. Although seedling pine occurred, their survival will be affected by competition from Betula spp. and Deschampsia flexuosa. Other elements of the vegetation will recover from the seed bank or by migration, their distribution being influenced by topographic variations and the nature of the developing tree stand. Timing of clearance of exotics in relation to pine seed production and soil scarification might accelerate recovery of the pinewood flora generally.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"11 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133772650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scots pine growing on forested mires in Abernethy Forest, Strathspey, Scotland","authors":"H. Mchaffie, C. Legg, R. Worrell, N. Cowie, A. Amphlett","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685038","url":null,"abstract":"Summary A substantial proportion of the Abernethy Forest Reserve has Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) growing on the surfaces of a variety of mires. The hydrology of the mires has been affected by drainage and peat cutting but this area is unusual in having had a long period of protection from grazing by domestic stock. There are three main types of pine populations found on these mires. Woodland bog comprises predominantly bog vegetation with abundant pine seedlings due to the heavy seed rain from the surrounding woodland. Only a few very small trees survive, which are stunted, heavily diseased and have very low seed production. Wooded bog also comprises predominately bog vegetation but there are scattered mature trees of a moderate height with an open canopy. The trees are fertile and can form uneven aged stands with regeneration. Bog woodland is a predominantly woodland vegetation with tall, dense tree cover on deep peat. The trees are well grown with a dense canopy. A few remnants of bog vegetation remain in the ground flora although most have been replaced by woodland bryophytes and shrubs. Each of these three types is described and their development is discussed.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125484103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare charophytes in Scotland's coastal saline lagoons","authors":"A. Martin, L. Carvalho, A. Downie","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685026","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Recently collected data comparing the distribution and performance of the rare lagoonal charophyte Lamprothamnium papulosum across a number of UK coastal lagoon sites, including nine sites in the Western Isles, is presented. The surveys revealed that the species occurred over a wide range of salinities but was absent from sites with high phosphorus concentrations. The sites in the Western Isles held the most extensive populations and were least threatened by nutrient pollution. The discovery of two other endangered and vulnerable charophytes of brackish water, Tolypella nidifica and Chara baltica, at two of the Western Isles sites further highlights the importance of Scotland's saline lagoon resource. The use of the autoecological data on salinity and nutrient conditions for supporting Biodiversity Action Plan implementation for Lamprothamnium papulosum and for saline lagoon conservation in general is considered. Status summaries for all the charophyte species of brackish water recorded in Scotland are also provided.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126503300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and importance of the lichen vegetation of the Scottish Highlands","authors":"A. Fryday","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685035","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The mountains of the Western Highlands of Scotland support a lichen vegetation that is apparently unique in Europe, and probably the world. This lichen vegetation consists mainly of microlichens and is important both intrinsically, with a number of rare and apparently endemic taxa and communities, and as a major contributor to the botanical biodiversity of the ecosystem. By contrast, the lichen vegetation of the Eastern Highlands, which consists mostly of terricolous macrolichens, is best considered a fragmented, species-poor outlier of that present in Scandinavia and is of national interest only.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"12 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132640616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential contribution of conifer plantations to the UK Biodiversity Action Plan","authors":"J. Humphrey, R. Ferris, M. R. Jukes, A. Peace","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685028","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The detrimental effects of conifer plantations on open ground habitats have been well catalogued and discussed, but the potential contribution of planted forests to the conservation of woodland biodiversity has not been quantified to the same extent. This quantification is needed urgently to help forest managers fulfil commitments to biodiversity enhancement as outlined in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, the UK Forestry Standard and the UK Woodland Assurance Scheme (UKWAS). Results are presented from a five-year programme of research aimed at obtaining baseline information on biodiversity in planted forests and evaluating the contribution of planted forests to the conservation of native flora and fauna. Fifty-two plots were surveyed in total, covering a range of different tree crops (Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L., Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., Norway spruce Picea abies L. and Corsican pine Pinus nigra var maritima (Aitón) Melville) and stand ages (pre-thicket, mid-rotation, mature and over-mature) in three contrasting bioclimatic zones (upland, foothills and lowlands) throughout Britain. Additional plots were established in semi-natural woodland to allow comparisons between the biodiversity of plantations and native stands. Over 2000 species were recorded in total, including 45 Red Data Book species. Planted stands had similar or richer fungal and invertebrate communities to those of the native stands but poorer lichen and vascular plant communities. The latter were strongly affected by shading, dense, mid-rotation Sitka spruce stands having the lowest species counts. In contrast, these stands had a high diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, including a number of rare and threatened species normally associated with native pine wood. Bryophyte species-richness was related more to climate than woodland type, with the wetter upland spruce and native oak stands having the most diverse communities. Compared to the younger planted stands, over-mature planted stands had a higher proportion of species characteristic of semi-natural woodland stands. This related to greater structural diversity and higher deadwood volumes in the over-mature stands. It is concluded that conifer plantations make a positive contribution to biodiversity conservation in the UK and hence to the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. No single stand or crop type provides ‘optimal’ conditions for biodiversity, but the habitat value of plantations could be enhanced by increasing the area managed under alternative systems to clear-felling, such as ‘continuous cover’ and/or non-intervention natural reserves.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129164326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Research and the biodiversity action plans in Scotland","authors":"M. Usher","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685024","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Biodiversity Action Plans have been published for 226 species and 41 habitats that occur in, or have occurred in, Scotland. About half of the species plans relate to plants and fungi. Each plan has a number of research requirements that can be grouped into three classes: survey and monitoring, cross-cutting issues, and plan-specific issues. This short paper introduces the following collection of nine papers.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134356886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress towards implementing the Biodiversity Action Plan for stipitate hydnoid fungi in Scotland","authors":"A. Newton, R. Watling, L. Davy, E. Holden, S. Ward","doi":"10.1080/03746600208685031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600208685031","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Stipitate hydnoid (‘tooth’) fungi are considered to be threatened throughout much of central and northern Europe. In response to concern about the status of these fungi in the UK, a Biodiversity Action Plan has been developed for 14 species in this group. As a first step towards implementation of this plan, a number of surveys have been initiated, to determine the current status and distribution of hydnoid fungi. An overview of the results of these surveys is described. A series of distribution maps are presented, based on a compilation of early records and the results of a recent field survey in Scottish coniferous forests. The difficulties of interpreting early records are discussed, with particular reference to the taxonomie confusion that has surrounded this group of fungi. Although available data provide little evidence for decline of hydnoid fungi, a number of species display very restricted distributions within Scotland. The recent discovery of several species new to Britain emphasises the need for further field surveys to define the current status of these fungi with greater accuracy.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133855422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}