Insignia: Journal of International Relations最新文献

{"title":"Humanitarian Action of United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in Jayapura During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"C. C. Renyoet, Made Selly Dwi Suryanti, M. Z. Muttaqin","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7375","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of humanitarianism in international relations is a vital topic to probe deeper. Activist groups, individuals, and institutionalized groups or organizations, such as the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), have been carrying out humanitarian actions in Papua. UNICEF has been around for a long time in Papua, running several programs, including children's education program in Papua. However, education in Papua remains relatively low due to high rates of illiteracy and school dropouts, and poor literacy. This research explains that international organizations working in the humanitarian field can carry out the basic principles of humanitarianism, specifically, how UNICEF's programs adhere to these principles during the Covid-19 era. Direct interviews and secondary data collection were conducted in this qualitative descriptive research. The results show that UNICEF, as an international humanitarian organization, managed to uphold four basic principles in carrying out its role, particularly in improving the quality of education in Jayapura City. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has posed such obstacles to UNICEF related to donors, program implementation, and personnel that the practiced humanitarian principles became blurred and somewhat questionable. While the best practice promotes faithful adherence to the basic principles of humanity, it is undeniable that almost all organizations cannot exist without assistance from third parties which would ignore the principle of impartiality. \u0000Keywords: Covid-19, education, humanitarianism, Jayapura, UNICEF","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131028757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Rationality of Ethiopia in Dealing with China’s Support in Infrastructure Development","authors":"Ahda Ayudia Hairisa, Muhammad Farid","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7493","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the rationality of Ethiopia in cooperating with China in restoring the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway project using rational choice theory in foreign policy making. Despite having several alternative ports and other parties to support the project, Ethiopia has chosen the fund from China to support its railway project. The similarity between China and Ethiopia regarding political values is one of the factors in choosing China to work with. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) seems to be unapproachable by Western political values that are influenced by the internal condition of the state and tend to emphasize democracy. Therefore, it tends to work with China. Other than that, depending on Djibouti’s port as the most viable seaport in the region to access the sea as a landlocked country has driven Ethiopia to restore the railway as quickly as possible. By considering the Chinese loan system, which did not have many qualifications to lend money, Ethiopia could quickly restore the railway and not miss out on the opportunity to grow its trade through developing its infrastructure. \u0000Keywords: African infrastructure development, China’s loan, China in Africa, rational choice","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130602095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. Economic Diplomacy towards Japan in Resolving Beef Tariff Barriers","authors":"Andrea Gladys Gabriella, Shanti Darmastuti, Wiwiek Rukmi Dwi Astuti","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.6852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.6852","url":null,"abstract":"The United States (US) is one of beef exporting countries in Japan. The high level of demand for beef in Japan was followed by a decrease in the volume of US beef from Japan during 2017-2020 period caused by import barriers in the form of tariffs faced by US beef. These tariff barriers arise because the US does not have a trade agreement with Japan. This study aims to discuss the efforts made by the US through negotiating tariff barriers with Japan regarding beef exports. This study uses the concepts of economic diplomacy and trade theory as the basis for research analysis. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection through documentation study. The results of this study indicate that the US effort in negotiating tariff barriers with Japan is to form a bilateral trade agreement, namely the US-Japan Trade Agreement (USJTA) which uses the stages of decision-making in economic diplomacy in its formation. Through this effort, the US successfully lowered its beef import tariffs in Japan and leveled its beef competitive level with the CPTPP member countries. In the formation of the USJTA, various actors are involved, both state and non-state actors. Efforts to negotiate tariff barriers on beef exports by the US and Japan succeeded in increasing US beef exports after the establishment of the USJTA began to be implemented on January 1, 2020. \u0000Keywords: economic diplomacy, export, tariff barriers, United States","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116756289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ILO's Role in Fulfilling Garment Workers' Rights through the BWB II Program After the Rana Plaza Collapse","authors":"Heren Budi Mulia Kusmawan, Resa Rasyidah","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7155","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh on April 24, 2013, was recorded as the worst industrial accident ever. This accident killed at least 1,132 and injured more than 2,500. This incident made the world aware of the poor working conditions in Bangladesh's garment industry sector. In addition, many workers do not even get their working rights, so there are actions or demonstrations carried out by workers, demanding their rights. The demonstration even received support from activists or outsiders???. Bangladesh is a developing country with the second largest textile exporter after China. Bangladesh's garment industry accounts for about 80 percent of the total revenue in the country's manufacturing sector. This study discusses the role of the International Labor Organizations (ILO) in fulfilling the rights of garment workers through the Better Work Bangladesh (BWB) program after the collapse of Rana Plaza. To explain this case, the author uses the role theory of international organizations by Kelly Kate S. Pease. According to Pease, state problems can be solved with the help of external parties by acting as problem solvers, collective art mechanisms, capacity builders, and aid providers. Research shows that the ILO has an effective role in fulfilling the rights of Bangladeshi garment workers through the Better Work Bangladesh Phase II Program, in creating better or more prosperous labor conditions by cooperating with several internal and external parties. \u0000Keywords: Better Work Bangladesh (BWB), labor, garment, ILO","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114176765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caught Between Great Powers: Oman’s Neutrality in the Saudi-Iran Rivalry","authors":"Maulana Ammar Auliaur Rahman","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.1.7792","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explain the reason for Oman’s neutrality policy amid Saudi-Iran growing tension in the region. The neutral stance from Oman raised some questions about their position as a part of the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) that, if following the logic of consequences, should take sides with Saudi, and put pressure on Iran due to Saudi presence in the group. Oman always promotes peace and tends to avoid confrontation when facing Saudi-Iran rivalry. By implementing explanative methods and a constructivism paradigm based on norms as a tool of analysis, and supported with secondary data, this article found out that Oman’s neutrality decision in the Saudi-Iran rivalry is largely being influenced by their domestic norms, that is Ibadism, that made them capable to avoid conflict in the region, in this case, the Saudi-Iran rivalry. Ibadism also drives them to always promote peace in the region, because this teaching is based on four main ideas, namely tolerance, just rule, acceptance of the other, and peaceful compromises. In the end, this domestic norm influenced Oman’s decision-maker’s conception of the importance of preserving stability in the region. This then becomes an important explanation about why Oman breaks with their fellow GCC members that tend to support Saudi in the rivalry with Iran and decided to follow neutrality as their main policy. \u0000Keywords: domestic norms, Ibadism, neutrality, Oman, Saudi-Iran rivalry","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121395671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bureaucratic Cooptation in Program Evaluation: A Comparation Case in Indonesia and South Korea","authors":"Niken Paramarti Dasuki, Sukarso Sukarso","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000The research about government program evaluation mostly uses an impact assessment, but this research would be using a meta-evaluation approach. The proposed research question is how the local government of Indonesia or the local bureaucracy evaluated their programs compared to South Korea. The method in this research is a comparative study between Indonesia dan South Korea, with data analysis from relevant documents. The result of the research proved that the evaluation patterns between programs seem similar. Both evaluation activities in South Korea and Indonesia tend to be dominated by their own bureaucracy; the difference is South Korea used to conceptualize activities while Indonesia does not. The evaluation activities only did the formalism part such as focusing on formal aspects than the aims of the program itself. \u0000Keywords:  bureaucratic cooptation; evaluation; formalism; routine works \u0000Abstrak \u0000Berbeda dengan kebanyakan riset terkait evaluasi program pemerintah yang menggunakan penilaian dampak, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan meta-evaluation. Rumusan masalah yang diajukan adalah bagaimana pemerintah lokal di Indonesia atau birokrasi lokal melakukan evaluasi terhadap programnya. Metode yang akan digunakan untuk menjelaskan adalah pendekatan studi komparasi, dengan pengambilan data dari analisis dokumen-dokumen yang relevan dengan topik yang diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pola evaluasi antar program cenderung mirip. Baik di Korea Selatan maupun Indonesia, aktivitas evaluasi cenderung didominasi oleh birokrasi; perbedaannya adalah di Korea Selatan lebih cenderung terkonseptualisasi namun di Indonesia cenderung tidak akurat. Aktivitas evaluasi hanya dilakukan sebagai formalitas dengan aspek-aspek formal dari program tersebut dibandingkan benar-benar melakukan evaluasi terhadap tujuan dari program terkait.","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129602106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Samsung Electronics' Expansion to India on the South Korean Economy in 2017-2021","authors":"Belina Averin Sebastian, Ganjar Widhiyoga, U. Dewi","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6473","url":null,"abstract":"Samsung is the largest multinational company in South Korea that has successfully expanded to various countries. India is the second largest technology market after China which is a new market in the Asian continent. Currently, India is being targeted by many world technology companies to market their products in the South Asian region, so this is an opportunity for Samsung to enter and expand in India. Samsung, which has successfully entered India, is always innovating in creating and developing pre-owned technology products to increase sales of its products. This also affects the South Korean economy, where with the expansion carried out by Samsung, the South Korean economy has experienced significant growth in terms of the increase in GDP every year which is the focus of this research. This study uses quantitative methods with descriptive statistical analysis methods by providing additional data in the form of graphs. Samsung's successful expansion to India is marked by investments in the construction of new manufacturing plants in the Noida area, Uttar-Pradesh, and sales of Samsung products in India are the second largest with average avenue is 700 billion INR. These results also affect the economic position of South Korea so that it becomes a country that has a fairly strong position in the field of technological development. The conclusion of this study is that Samsung brought South Korea to be part of the category of developed countries in the world with significant GDP growth every year from the period 2017-2021.","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133942450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Wave Issue as A Soft Power Strategy in Taiwanese Presidential Election 2016","authors":"Raaf Bezkarannu, A. Soetjipto","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6817","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBoth state and non-state actors need the power to influence others to achieve their desired goals. Soft power isoften used by state or non-state actors to attracts the attention of others without using coercive actions to achievethe desired goals. This strategy has been widely used in various cases, including in the issue of China and Taiwan,especially in the \"Taiwan Flag\" incident involving Tzuyu, a K-Pop artist who declared herself a Taiwanese andcarried the Taiwan flag on a South Korean television program. This incident was later brought up by Tsai Ingwen, a politician from Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) to cooperate with the Taiwanese people against Chinain the 2016 Taiwan Presidential Election. This article will discuss how Tsai Ing-wen and the people of Taiwan usedKorean wave as a soft power strategy in the 2016 Taiwan Presidential Election to “fight” against China. Thosegave positive results due to the similarity of political values believed by Taiwan and carried by the Korean wave,as well as the goals shared by Tsai Ing-wen and people of Taiwan, thereby defeated the pro-China Kuomintang(KMT) party in the election.Keywords: Soft Power, Taiwan, China, Korean Wave, Taiwan Presidential Election 2016, Taiwan Flag IncidentAbstrakBaik aktor negara maupun non-negara memerlukan kekuatan untuk mempengaruhi pihak lain agar tujuan yangdiinginkan dapat tercapai. Salah satunya adalah soft power yang mengedepankan upaya menarik perhatianpihak lain tanpa menggunakan tindakan koersif untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Implementasi strategitersebut telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai kasus, salah satunya dalam isu China dan Taiwan dalam the“Waving Taiwan Flag” incident yang melibatkan Tzuyu yang merupakan artis K-Pop yang mendeklarasikan dirisebagai warga negara Taiwan serta membawa bendera Taiwan dalam salah satu program televisi di KoreaSelatan. Insiden tersebut kemudian diangkat oleh Tsai Ing-wen, seorang politisi dari Democratic ProgressiveParty (DPP) untuk bekerja sama dengan masyarakat Taiwan untuk melawan China dalam Taiwan PresidentialElection 2016. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana Tsai Ing-wen dan masyarakat Taiwan memanfaatkan isu Koreanwave sebagai strategi soft power dalam Taiwan Presidential Election 2016 untuk “melawan” kampanye pro Chinayang disuarakan oleh KMT. Implementasi isu Korean wave sebagai strategi soft power dalam Taiwan PresidentialElection 2016 memberikan hasil positif dan ikut mempengaruhi kemenangan Tsai Ing-wen dalam pemilu diTaiwan di tahun 2016.Kata Kunci: Soft Power, Taiwan, China, Korean Wave, Pemilu Presiden Taiwan 2016, Insiden Bendera Taiwan","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123635397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Bilateral: The Constitutive Dimensions of Strategic Partnership between Japan and Thailand","authors":"Salsabila Nurul Falah, Muhammad Sigit Andhi Rahman","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6823","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses bilateral state cooperation that was developed, with the agreement of both states, into a more comprehensive and long-term partnership, known as a Strategic Partnership. The dynamics in the bilateral relationship between these states, then become an attraction to further analyze the Japan-Thailand strategic partnership. The focus in this article is on the function of the strategic partnership, the roles of the two actors, and viewing it in a constitutive dimension. The author uses qualitative research using primary and secondary data in analyzing. The relationship and interactions between Japan and Thailand are analyzed on three levels: international, bilateral and individual, using the concept of strategic partnership as a social interaction between global actors and the role-playing that occurs. By observing from the perspective of both actors, the authors argue that the strategic partnership agreed upon by Japan and Thailand acts as an agency that facilitates self-conception to maintain their position, status and role in the international system.","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131221151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Country Revitalization: Japan’s Nation Branding Post 3/11 Disaster Performed in the Tokyo Olympics 2020","authors":"Kiki Widya Febrianti, Hamdan Nafiatur Rosyida","doi":"10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6824","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000In 2011, Japan was hit by a series of major disasters, from an earthquake and tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) reactor. Its incident caused Japan to suffer various damage from the economic, health, and environmental sectors, including the emergence of negative stereotypes at the global level. Therefore, Japan was chosen as the host country of the Tokyo Olympics 2020 sports event, and being used to restore Japan’s image in the international area. This study aims to analyze the forms of Japanese national branding after the 3/11 disaster through the Tokyo Olympics 2020. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This study uses the concept of soft power and nation branding according, to Keith Dinnie, related to the stages of nation branding in the form of nation-brand identity, communicators of nation-brand identity, and nation-brand image. The results show that Fukushima as a territory promoted in the Tokyo Olympics through several reconstructed facilities to its natural products and culture. Although Fukushima is starting to show a positive image in the international community, Japan’s national branding still requires several challenges.  \u0000Keywords: Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan’s revitalization, nation branding, Tokyo Olympics 2020","PeriodicalId":365464,"journal":{"name":"Insignia: Journal of International Relations","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115521281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}