Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Identification of hub genes in the fructose-1, 6 bisphosphate 1-protein interaction network based on differential expression, and survival impact on hepatocellular carcinoma patients","authors":"Bhavya Dawath, Harshal Patole, Norine Dsouza, Kripa Purohit, Shiney Peter","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_50_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_50_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatocytes, the cells of origin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accompany several altered metabolic pathways leading to adaptive metabolic switch and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Fructose-1, 6 bisphosphate 1 (FBP1) participates in gluconeogenesis and is reported as a potential tumor suppressor in several cancers. Our study aimed to conduct a network analysis to identify crucial hub genes interacting with FBP1 and possibly altered biological pathways based on the differential expression patterns of FBP1 in HCC patients. Methods: The expression analysis of FBP1 and its interactors was based on datasets retrieved from gene expression omnibus (GEO). The survival impact of differentially expressed genes was carried out using The Cancer Genome Atlas Dataset (TCGA) and performed in R studio. The FBP1 interaction network was visualized in Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape software. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of FBP1 interactors was performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and the hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plugin in the Cytoscape software. Results: The analysis of the FBP1 interaction network revealed glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), aldolase, fructose-bisphosphate B (ALDOB), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) as crucial hub genes associated with HCC. The survival analysis of the hub genes showed the association of G6PD overexpression and ALDOB, PCK2, PGM1 underexpression with unfavorable overall survival. It also reveals the role of FBP1 network genes in metabolic and signaling pathways crucial for cell survival. Conclusions: The FBP1 hub genes might serve as promising therapeutic leads targeted toward the adaptive metabolic switch and uncontrolled cell proliferation in preventing HCC progression.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"238 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42232975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral pyrexia with thrombocytopenia after periodontal flap surgery","authors":"R. Reddy, P. Koppolu, Arpita Gur, V. Samuel, A. Lingam, R. Abdelrahim, Abdulaziz Samran, Tahseen Khan","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_63_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_63_23","url":null,"abstract":"Viral fever with thrombocytopenia is an insidious cause of postoperative hemorrhage. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment of this disorder will ensure minimal morbidity and mortality. The present study reported the case of a 19-year-old male with postoperative viral pyrexia with thrombocytopenia following a periodontal flap procedure and its management. The present case study demonstrates the significance of a rigid follow-up routine even after minor surgery. Clinicians must be aware of the optimal diagnosis and treatment for pyrexia with thrombocytopenia.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"319 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42409148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on proteolytic activity in the spleen","authors":"N. Raksha, O. Kostyuk, T. Synelnyk, O. Kharchenko, Serhii Shchypanskyi, I. Gunas, O. Nazarova, A. Gritsenko, T. Andriichuk, O. Maievskyi","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_32_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_32_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia (HC) on proteolytic activity in the spleen of rats. Methods: Albino nonlinear male rats of different ages (young, adults, and old) were involved in the study. HC was induced by intragastric administration of DL-homocysteine thiolactone. The total proteolytic activity was evaluated using casein as a substrate. The activity of metal-dependent and serine proteases was determined using proteases inhibitors ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phenylmethylsulfonyl. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The fraction of serine proteases was isolated by affinity chromatography. Results: HC causes an increase in the total proteolytic activity, which is due to an increase in the activity of proteases of various catalytic types (serine, cysteine, aspartic proteases, and metal-dependent enzymes). The levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-10 were significantly reduced in the spleen of adult and old rats and were at the control level in young rats. A disorder of the balance between MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in the spleen of rats with HC in favor of the active form of MMP-1 was revealed. At the same time, the level of serine proteases was increased in the spleen of rats of all groups. A decrease in the level of some pro-inflammatory cytokines was also revealed. Conclusions: HC causes disturbances in the proteolytic balance, manifested by an increase in proteolytic activity. The pathogenesis of this disease is not associated with the development of inflammation in the spleen.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"170 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48619804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comparative evaluation of salivary survivin levels between different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Anu Premkumar, Cheshta Walia, Sudip Roy","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_83_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_83_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts to the 6th most common cancer worldwide with high rate of mortality. Timely detection helps in improving the prognosis and survival rates. Deregulated expression of inhibitor of apoptotic (IAP) (programmed cell death) pathway mainly contributes to carcinogenesis by aberrantly extending cellular viability. Survivin is one such marker that belongs to the IAP protein family, expressed in tissue, serum, and other body fluids of patients with proliferating cells. The present study aimed to investigate survivin expression in salivary secretions of patients with various grades of OSCC. Methods: A total of 76 participants in the age range of 25–80 years were included in the study. Thirty eight histologically confirmed patients with various grades OSCC (well differentiated – 18, moderately differentiated – 10, and poorly differentiated – 10) and 38 healthy individuals were subjected to expectorate the unstimulated whole saliva. The salivary survivin estimation was performed using the Quantikine human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and comparisons were made. Results: The mean survivin levels were found to be statistically significant among OSCC and healthy individuals with much higher levels (9.51 pg/dl) observed in OSCC patients compared to healthy individuals (2.69 pg/ml). The levels of salivary survivin were found to be elevated in poorly differentiated (12.21 pg/ml) than moderately (9.80 pg/ml) and well-differentiated (7.84 pg/ml) OSCC patients. Conclusions: The study findings highlighted considerable increase in salivary survivin levels in different grades of OSCC patients as compared to healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"293 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical importance of antinuclear antibody testing in a tertiary neuro-care center, India","authors":"P. Kruthika, M. Netravathi, A. Mahadevan, Veenakumari Haradarabahubali, N. Chandrashekar","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_48_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_48_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is the first test ordered in any patient suspected of autoimmune diseases. Often ANA indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) screening tests have high sensitivity because of high background, which can lead to erroneous clinical diagnosis and management when ordered unnecessarily. The following study was undertaken to envisage the clinical importance of ANA-positive test results among cases presenting to a tertiary neuro-care center. Methods: Present study is a secondary data analysis of 166 ANA IIF positive samples. Serum samples were further subjected to specific antigen detection by ANA immunoblot assay. The final diagnosis was reviewed in the context of descriptive data as to why testing was ordered. Results: The overall positivity rate of ANA for 3 years was 2.12%. The peripheral nervous system was most commonly involved accounting for 56 (33.73%) cases followed by the central nervous system in 40 (24.09%) cases and others. The predominant ANA pattern observed was speckled in 73 (43.9%) cases. On ANA profiling, reactivity to Ro52 (35 [40.22%]) was most common. Females were predominantly (70.5%) affected than males (29.5%). There was no association found in ANA pattern with age, sex, duration of illness, and the clinical disorder. Conclusions: ANA positivity is sporadically associated with nervous system autoimmune disorders. Screening tests like ANA can be judiciously employed for meaningful clinical interpretation of neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"201 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42704481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of serum levels of homocysteine, Ang 1-7, and plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1 protein in samples of coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Iraq","authors":"Ghazwan Hussein, Ali F. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_31_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_31_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a difficult situation in terms of science, medicine, and society due to the easy ways of transmission of the coronavirus. More attention has been focused on using biomarkers in emergency rooms for coronavirus infection screening and early diagnosis. A potential thrombotic disease biomarker is homocysteine (Hcy), whereas Angiotensin (1–7) induces vasodilation and anti-inflammation and the primary blocker of plasma plasminogen activator is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Methods: In this study, which involved 128 participants (88 patients and 40 control), to determine whether Hcy, Ang 1–7, and PAI-1 protein are associated with COVID-19 infection, 5 ml of venous blood in gel tubes were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure these biomarkers in the blood of these participants, and SPSS version 27 and Graph prism 9 were used to compute statistical results. Results: In this study, Hcy and PAI-1 levels in patients' serums were higher than in healthy people, while Hcy and PAI-1 were higher than in healthy subjects. A receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) determined cutoff values for Hcy (10.3), Ang 1–7 (89.6), and PAI-1 (4.89), respectively, at area under the ROC Curve of 0.71, 0.27, and 0.9, respectively. Results of logistic regression show that Ang 1–7 is an independent parameter, while Hcy and PAI-1 are dependent factors. Conclusions: In conclusion, patients with COVID-19 had significantly elevated Hcy and PAI-1 levels and infections were more severe. The concentrations of Ang 1–7 biomarker in the serum of patients with severe outcomes were significantly lower than those in healthy.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"247 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of sitagliptin administration in patients with Covid-19: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Nahid Toudeshki, Z. Ahmad, F. Dastan, Elham Oveili, A. Kiani, A. Abedini, A. Zare","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_17_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_17_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease was associated with a high risk of mortality, especially among patients with underlying diseases. Effective treatments against Covid-19 could complement vaccination efforts worldwide. Methods: To determine the efficacy of Sitagliptin in the treatment of COVID-19. Randomized clinical trial study with a control group that was conducted on 40 covidd-19 patients. Block randomization method was used. The participants were divided into two groups (group A receiving Sitagliptin tablet at dose of 50 mg BID for 10 days and the group B receiving standard treatment without sitagliptin). Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, ratio, frequency table and percentage were used to describe the data, and chi-square test, independent t test and one- way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. SPSS v. 25 software was used for data analysis. The significance level in the tests was considered 0.05. Results: A significant difference was observed between the improvements of the total clinical score in the two groups, so that the people who used Sitagliptin received a higher clinical score; On the other hand, among the 20 patients who were in the control group, 18 patients were discharged from the hospital on the 7th day or earlier. Sitagliptin has an anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiapoptotic properties; such effects may be beneficial in reducing risks of COVID-19. Conclusions: Sitagliptin also provides good safety and fair benefits to reduce mortality among DM patients with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"260 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47892738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial isolation and characterization of arsenic degrading microbes from soil and its RAPD analysis for bioremediation","authors":"Kaushika Shanmugam, K. Kumar, Srinisha Abhimanyu, Sri Selvaraju, B. Narayana, R. Sharanprasath, T. Kumar, R. Manikandan, S. Bala","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_330_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_330_22","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to isolate the microbes possessing arsenic degrading property from contaminated soil, collected from Cauvery River at Pallipalayam, Erode District. Six microbial strains were grown well in 40Mm sodium arsenate as a sole carbon source amended M9 minimal media. Based on the zone of clearance, three microbial strains were found to be potent arsenic degrading microbes and they are identified as Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. They may potentially be used in the bioremediation of arsenic and other contaminants. It infers that the presence of arsenate reductase (ArcC) gene in three of the microbial strain and they were taken for further studies. Genomic DNA isolation protocol was standardized and DNA isolation was performed. ArcC gene-specific primers were designed using Primer3 bioinformatics tool. Genetic diversity among the strains was studied by RAPD analysis using four different primers. Dendrogram was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group using Arithmetic Averages and NJ tools. The presence of genetic diversity was observed from the analysis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of amplified gene products are to be done in future. Background: The aim of this work is to isolate the microbes possessing arsenic degrading property from contaminated soil, collected from Cauvery River at Pallipalayam, Erode District. Six microbial strains were grown well in 40Mm sodium arsenate as a sole carbon source amended M9 minimal media. Based on the zone of clearance, three microbial strains were found to be potent arsenic degrading microbes and they are identified as Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. They may potentially be used in the bioremediation of arsenic and other contaminants. It infers that the presence of arsenate reductase (ArcC) gene in three of the microbial strain and they were taken for further studies. Genomic DNA isolation protocol was standardized and DNA isolation was performed. ArcC gene-specific primers were designed using Primer3 bioinformatics tool. Genetic diversity among the strains was studied by RAPD analysis using four different primers. Dendrogram was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group using Arithmetic Averages and NJ tools.The presence of genetic diversity was observed from the analysis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of amplified gene products are to be done in future. Methods: The soil sample was collected from Cauvery River, Pallipalayam. Arsenate, arsenic bioremediation, arsenic reducing gene, RAPD, and genetic diversity were used. Results: With the dilution concentrations, 10−5 and 10−6 microbial population was obtained in M9 minimal media. From the pure colonies of isolates, TA1, TA2, TA4, and TA5 genomic DNA was extracted using the protocol mentioned above. The culture was inoculated in LB broth and kept in incubation at 37°C for overnight. From overnight culture, genomic DNA was extracted. RAPD analysis f","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"93 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49643381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chromium, Inositol and Resistant Starch Supplementation In Pcos: A Systematic Review","authors":"N. Krishnan, Supriya Velraja","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a diverse condition that has distinct signs and symptoms such as hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. It is a major hormonal disorder that affects the health-related quality of life and mental health of young women. The etiology of PCOS still remains uncertain but insulin resistance is one of the major factors seen in PCOS individuals which are characterized by the presence of acanthosis nigricans. Dietary interventions and lifestyle modification are being considered to be a first-line treatment for women with PCOS. Proper diet, adequate nutritional status, and following a physical activity routine help in alleviating the symptoms of PCOS. Dietary interventions should focus on weight management and insulin regulation. An abnormal gut microbiome function results in ovarian dysfunction, immune changes, insulin resistance, and disruption in bile synthesis. Therefore, gut health of women suffering from PCOS should be prioritized and interventions that improve the gut health should be followed. This systematic review is performed to investigate the association between micronutrient supplementation and PCOS. The related articles were searched using the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. All the studies involving micronutrient supplementation and PCOS were included in this systematic review. Micronutrient supplementation was significantly inversely associated with improving PCOS prognosis. The main finding of the systematic review is that it concludes there is a direct association between micronutrient supplementation as it helps in alleviating the symptoms and maintaining a proper lifestyle in women with PCOS.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"32 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48086564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 on acute kidney injury among iraqi patients","authors":"Zahraa Al-Khero, Z. Yousif, H. Salman, Allaa H. Thanoon","doi":"10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_353_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_353_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is considered one of the most infectious diseases that can spread by air droplets and can cause serious complications in the respiratory tract, also could affect many organs like the kidney and causing acute kidney injury (AKI). The study aimed to evaluate the status of the kidney function of patients who are infected with COVID-19 and how the virus is involved in AKI. Methods: The research was conducted from 15 January to 25 February 2021. One hundred patients (56% of males and 44% of females) were involved in the present study. All the samples were tested for COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Kidney function tests such as serum creatinine and blood urea, as well as COVID-19 infection severity measurements such as level of ferritin, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested for all patients. Results: All enrolled patients were positive for COVID-19. All the patients (100%) were positive for AKI (the mean of urea and creatinine were 78.87 mg/dl, and 2.16 μg/ml, respectively) and the mean age was 66.9 years. The infection severity was high as the level of ferritin (729.19 ng/ml), D-dimer (3.84 μg/ml), and CRP (71.87 mg/L) were high compared to normal values. The study revealed that AKI is probably worsened by COVID-19 infection, which is also connected to the greater severity of the disease. Conclusion: According to the results, we found a direct link between COVID-19 infection and the development of AKI. The study recommended giving critical care and attention with respect to kidney function to those who had COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":36500,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"48 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44222592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}