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Plant\/operations Progress最新文献

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Sensitivity of process risk to human error in an ammonia plant 氨厂过程风险对人为错误的敏感性
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100407
W. J. Delboy, R. F. Dubnansky, S. A. Lapp
{"title":"Sensitivity of process risk to human error in an ammonia plant","authors":"W. J. Delboy, R. F. Dubnansky, S. A. Lapp","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100407","url":null,"abstract":"Fault tree analysis evaluates the relationship between overall process risk and human failure probabilities. Based on this information, most critical areas of operator training and/or need for automatic systems are determined.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125255038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Health effects of ammonia 氨对健康的影响
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100411
J. Ryer-Powder
{"title":"Health effects of ammonia","authors":"J. Ryer-Powder","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100411","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme overexposure to ammonia can cause irreversible pulmonary damage. There is, however, no credible evidence that inhaling a small amount of ammonia leads to chronic lung impairment.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116310168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 59
An accident at a lithuanian fertilizer plant 立陶宛化肥厂发生事故
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100409
B. Andersson
{"title":"An accident at a lithuanian fertilizer plant","authors":"B. Andersson","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100409","url":null,"abstract":"On March 20, 1989 a tank started to leak spilling large quantities of ammonia which evaporated and caught fire. A layer of warm, unstable ammonia that had accumulated at the bottom of the tank exploded because of the hydrostatic pressure.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131011069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The effect of elemental mercury on engineering materials used in ammonia plants 单质汞对氨厂工程材料的影响
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100404
S. Wilhelm
{"title":"The effect of elemental mercury on engineering materials used in ammonia plants","authors":"S. Wilhelm","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100404","url":null,"abstract":"Inappropriate combinations of moisture, alloy and mercury can accelerate corrosion and form explosive compounds. Are there ways of preventing these potential hazards?","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133624815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Explosion isolation systems used in conjunction with explosion vents 与爆炸通风口一起使用的爆炸隔离系统
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100309
K. Chatrathi, R. DeGood
{"title":"Explosion isolation systems used in conjunction with explosion vents","authors":"K. Chatrathi, R. DeGood","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100309","url":null,"abstract":"A description of the experiments conducted, the results from the experiments and conclusions reached on the basis thereof.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132219446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Using thermodynamic availability to determine the energy of explosion 利用热力学可用性来确定爆炸能量
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100306
D. Crowl
{"title":"Using thermodynamic availability to determine the energy of explosion","authors":"D. Crowl","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100306","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods to determine the thermodynamic energy of explosion are based on the Helmholtz free energy. The Helmholtz free energy represents the maximum work available from a system during a constant temperature process. For many real explosions, the material is initially at a temperature or pressure higher than the ambient environment. Thus, the Helmholtz free energy does not account for all of the energy sources. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The thermodynamic availability provides a general approach to determine the maximum work available from any process. Furthermore, the availability provides a much more formal and structured method for performing the calculations. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper provides the formal basis, demonstrates the application of availabilty using a number of examples, and provides a table of availability data.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Process simulators for safety 过程模拟器的安全
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100305
M. Ferney
{"title":"Process simulators for safety","authors":"M. Ferney","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100305","url":null,"abstract":"Given the often dangerous nature of large-scale chemical and petroleum-based processes, corporations which operate plants in the hydrocarbon industry must make safety their first priority.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Explosion within a helium purifier 氦净化器内发生爆炸
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100312
J. W. Hempseed, Robert W. Ormsby
{"title":"Explosion within a helium purifier","authors":"J. W. Hempseed, Robert W. Ormsby","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100312","url":null,"abstract":"A cryogenic charcoal adsorber used to purify helium for cylinder filling exploded on August 26, 1988 at an Air Products facility in Belgium. Although the feed gas contained only 1.4% oxygen, calculations confirm that a liquid phase containing approximately 85% oxygen could have formed at the inlet to the bed and soaked into the charcoal. This potent explosive mixture (up to 7 times more powerful than TNT) was probably ignited by the flow surge when the bed depressurized to allow change-over from a full to an empty bank of cylinders. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Parts of the vessel were recovered up to 250 meters from the installation and windows were cracked by the shock wave at approximately 60 meters. These consequences are consistent with the calculated energy available (approximately 40 lb TNT). Fortunately no one was injured. Two other recent explosions in the industry further emphasize the potential concerns of carbon bed cryogenic purifiers of oxygen containing gases.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116831166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Considerations for the safe design of processes using hydrogen peroxide and organics 使用过氧化氢和有机物的工艺安全设计的考虑
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100310
J. Mackenzie
{"title":"Considerations for the safe design of processes using hydrogen peroxide and organics","authors":"J. Mackenzie","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100310","url":null,"abstract":"The use of hydrogen peroxide in the chemical processing industry is increasing rapidly, both in volume and types of application. The properties of hydrogen peroxide, which make it such a useful material, can also give rise to serious hazards. This paper reviews some of the ways in which hazards may arise in organic processes using hydrogen peroxide. Some incidents are also described.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128912829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Documentation of hazard and operability studies 危险和可操作性研究的文件
Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1991-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720100308
R. Freeman
{"title":"Documentation of hazard and operability studies","authors":"R. Freeman","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720100308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720100308","url":null,"abstract":"The recently enacted Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 [1] and the proposed OSHA Process Safety Management Standard [2] both require that hazard evaluations be completed on all facilities that handle hazardous chemicals. Reports of the hazard evaluations must be kept on file and will be subject to inspection during an OSHA compliance audit. This paper outlines those concepts that are important in the preparation of the documentation of a Hazards and Operability (HAZOP) study.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116596700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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