Plant\/operations Progress最新文献

Ultimate capacity of blast loaded structures common to chemical plants 化工厂常用爆炸荷载结构的极限承载力

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110407

M. Whitney, D. Barker, K. H. Spivey

{"title":"Ultimate capacity of blast loaded structures common to chemical plants","authors":"M. Whitney, D. Barker, K. H. Spivey","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110407","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a great deal of investment in development of design criteria and design and construction of heavily reinforced, blast-resistant control rooms. This remains the best option for protective construction against severe blast loading experienced close in to a vapor cloud or other explosion hazard. However, most structures encountered at chemical plants and contemplated for future construction are conventional steel frame, metal clad buildings. In this paper we look closely at the response of such buildings to explosion loads and their ability to undergo large deformations without structural failure. The types of structural elements evaluated include metal decking of various gauge and shape along with a variety of girt and purlin sections. Building frames or bents are also evaluated, although the date base for these is much more limited. The work is based on observations made during investigations of large explosion accidents along with analytical predictions and test measurements. To conclude, we offer specific design criteria and connection recommendations for enhancing the overall strength of a building through the use of conventional components in unconventional construction.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123900628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Documentation and utilization of the results of hazard evaluation studies 记录和利用危害评价研究的结果

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110414

D. Hendershot

{"title":"Documentation and utilization of the results of hazard evaluation studies","authors":"D. Hendershot","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110414","url":null,"abstract":"A Hazard Evaluation (HE) study is not finished until the study documentation is complete and all of the issues and recommendations from the HE study have been resolved. While the extent and detail of the HE documentation will vary depending on the HE technique used, and on the stage in the process life cycle at which the study is performed, all studies should include documentation in three categories: \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u00001 \u0000Process documentation, defining the design and intended operation of the facility at the time the HE study was performed. \u0000 \u00002 \u0000HE study documentation, recording the actual performance of the HE study and including, for example, meeting notes or worksheets, logic models, hazard index calculations, etc. \u0000 \u00003 \u0000Action documentation, summarizing all recommendations, perhaps with prioritization, and listing actions taken in response to the recommendations. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Thorough and complete documentation of HE studies is essential for understanding the concerns which give rise to each recommendation, tracking action taken on recommendations to insure that all are resolved, using the HE study as a basis for subsequent HE or quantitative risk analysis studies, using the HE study to assist in the management of change, and periodic updating of the HE study. Modern computer based information storage and retrieval technology also opens the potential for use of HE study documentation as a tool for training and for process troubleshooting.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133373825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Process safety testing program for reducing risks associated with large scale chemical manufacturing operations 过程安全测试程序，以减少与大规模化学生产操作相关的风险

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110412

J. Sharkey, R. Cutro, W. J. Fraser, G. Wildman

引用次数: 9

Acceptable risk—an overview 可接受的风险—概述

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110409

J. Philley

引用次数: 11

Predicting and controlling flammability of multiple fuel and multiple inert mixtures 预测和控制多种燃料和多种惰性混合物的可燃性

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110408

J. G. Hansel, J. Mitchell, H. Klotz

引用次数: 22

Disengagement predictions via drift flux correlation vertical, horizontal and spherical vessels 通过垂直、水平和球形容器的漂移通量相关进行脱离预测

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110411

C. Sheppard

{"title":"Disengagement predictions via drift flux correlation vertical, horizontal and spherical vessels","authors":"C. Sheppard","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110411","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of an open system is modeled. Thus, for special cases, the void fraction is predicted as a function of location and time. The open system may be an open vessel or a vessel with an open relief device. A single governing equation is derived based on combining the material and energy balances with the churn-turbulent drift flux relationship and assuming no radial gradients. This partial differential equation is not solved. It is, however, bounded by homogeneous and all vapor venting. These special cases are solved. In homogeneous venting the key variable is time. In all vapor venting under pseudo-steady-state conditions the key variable is location. The solution of the partial differential equation is also discussed. \u0000 \u0000Under pseudo-steady-state and churn-turbulent conditions, the open system is modeled. The minimum void fractions (corresponding to a maximum liquid inventory) with all vapor venting, for vertical, horizontal, and spherical vessels are predicted and compared. Analytical expressions for the local and average void fractions in a vertical vessel and non-unity distribution parameters are presented. Void fraction profiles are compared for three cases: 1. vertical cylinders with distribution parameters (Co values) of unity and 1.5, 2. horizontal and vertical cylinders with varying L/D ratios, and 3. spheres with inscribed vertical cylinders having constant gas production to bubble rise ratio (Ψ′ value). The vertical cylinder average void fraction for non-unity distribution parameters can now be calculated analytically. The horizontal cylinder average void fraction predicted by turning it upright results in an over prediction of at most 4%. The sphere average void fraction predicted via an inscribed vertical cylinder, with the same Ψ′ value, is consistenly high by at most 8%.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128241348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Laboratory and large-scale dust explosion research 实验室及大型粉尘爆炸研究

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110413

K. Cashdollar, E. S. Weiss, N. Greninger, K. Chatrathi

{"title":"Laboratory and large-scale dust explosion research","authors":"K. Cashdollar, E. S. Weiss, N. Greninger, K. Chatrathi","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes dust explosibility research in full-scale experimental mines and a 20-L laboratory chamber at the U.S. Bureau of Mines and in a 1-m[sup +3] laboratory chamber at Fike Corporation. The purpose of this research is to improve safety in mining and other industries that manufacture, process, or use combustible dusts. As part of this work, carbonaceous dusts with a wide range of volatilities and various particle size distributions were studied. Laboratory data on the minimum explosible concentrations of predispersed dusts were comparable to mine data for nominal dust loadings that were dispersed by the aerodynamic disturbance from a gas ignition zone. Recommendations are given on the limitations of small-scale testing such as [open quotes]overdriving[close quotes] by too strong an ignitor. The effect of dust particle size on explosibility data is illustrated for coal and aluminum dusts. For both dusts, the finest sizes were the most hazardous. The inerting requirements for preventing explosions were also measured in both laboratory and large-scale systems. All the data show relatively good agreement between the laboratory and the large-scale tests. 50 refs., 14 figs.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131344000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Using the ASTM CHETAH program in chemical process hazard evaluation 在化学过程危害评估中使用ASTM CHETAH程序

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110410

D. Frurip

引用次数: 12

Halon replacement: The law and the options 哈龙替代:法律和选择

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110315

J. Senecal

引用次数: 19

Dust entrainability and its effect on explosion propagation in elongated structures 细长结构中粉尘携带性及其对爆炸传播的影响

Plant\/operations Progress Pub Date : 1992-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/PRSB.720110314

E. A. Ural

{"title":"Dust entrainability and its effect on explosion propagation in elongated structures","authors":"E. A. Ural","doi":"10.1002/PRSB.720110314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PRSB.720110314","url":null,"abstract":"Two apparatuses have been developed to characterize the entrainability of dust deposits. The minimum aerodynamic wall shear stress required for dust removal (Critical Shear Stress), measured by the first apparatus, is an indicator of the ease with which dust particles can be removed from a layer. The second apparatus measures the settling velocity distribution of dust clouds, which is an important factor controlling the extent of dispersion as well as the time period during which the entrained dust cloud can remain suspended. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Testing has shown that the critical shear stress depends not only on the nature of the dust, but on the way the dust deposit is formed. Therefore, a portable version of this apparatus was developed to allow field testing of dust deposits. This methodology has also been used to evaluate the effect of oil treatment sometimes used in the grain handling industry to reduce dust emission. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Simulated explosion tests have demonstrated the importance of critical shear stress on dust entrainability. A simple model calculating unsteady dust concentration in elongated structures has been developed. The model shows that flammable dust concentrations induced in a gallery by a primary explosion exist over a finite length and time period. Therefore, the probability of a secondary explosion depends not only on the dust and layer properties, but on the details of the primary explosion and of the enclosure geometry. A simple criterion for transmission of a primary explosion into an adjoining elongated structure is discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":364732,"journal":{"name":"Plant\\/operations Progress","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129998934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4