M. Wegener, M. Paajanen, O. Voronina, R. Schulze, W. Wirges, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt
{"title":"Voided cyclo-olefin polymer films: ferroelectrets with high thermal stability","authors":"M. Wegener, M. Paajanen, O. Voronina, R. Schulze, W. Wirges, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612315","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, new ferroelectrets were developed from foams of polyethylene terephthalate and of cyclo-olefin polymers and copolymers. Here, we focus on ferroelectret films based on compounds of cyclo-olefin polymers. Suitable compounding and preparation led to cyclo-olefin polymer ferroelectrets which show an electromechanical activity of around 15 pC/N that is thermally stable at least up to 110/spl deg/C. We discuss the preparation, the electrical charging and the electromechanical activity, the short-and long-term thermal stability as well as the electro-acoustical properties of an eight-layer cyclo-olefin film stack. The results obtained on the cyclo-olefin foams represent a significant improvement of the service temperature of ferroelectret transducer materials.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"218 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129801996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical treatment and improved charge storage properties of cellular polypropylene electret film","authors":"Z. An, Z. Xia, Minmin Tang, X. Qiu, Feipeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612314","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical treatment of cellular polypropylene (PP) films was carried out. Their charge storage properties were investigated using the open circuit thermally stimulated discharge (TSD) current spectra and charge TSD spectra. The charge storage thermal stability of the HF-treated samples is significantly improved, as shown by a very strong high temperature peak at about 176/spl deg/C. The charge stability of treated films is improved further by appropriately prolonging HF treatment time at RT. It was found that the reaction rate of HF with the oxidized surface layer is obviously enhanced by light radiation or treating temperature. However, charge storage stability becomes worse even than the virginal film prolonging HF-treating time under light radiation. An in situ TSD charge spectrum contains combined information on the changes of the mean charge depth and the deposited charge value. The dynamic change of the mean charge depth during heating was investigated by the in situ TSD charge spectra.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124582522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication of mesoscopic block copolymer regular structures by dewetting and phase separation","authors":"A. Carvalho, M. Pereira-da-Silva, R. Faria","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612329","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the preparation of polymer patterns formed from dip coating a solid substrate in a dilute polymer solution, where the formation of extremely regular and organized structures of well-distanced ribbons and dots took place. The phenomenon was rationalized in terms of a combination of effects, such as thermocapillary flow (Marangoni effect), dewetting of liquid films and effects from the receding meniscus. The primary structures were ribbons, which are unstable due to Rayleigh instability and can split into arrays of ordered dots. Microphase separation of the block copolymer also played a significant role, which distinguishes this process from previously described ones, as it represents an additional tool for structural control. The thickness of the final nanostructures lies in the range of tens of nanometers, the same order of magnitude of the periodic repeating distance of the block copolymer microstructure. The ribbons width and the dot diameter vary from 200 to 600 nm.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122798657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Wegener, W. Wirges, A. Mellinger, M. Winkler, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt
{"title":"Ferroelectrets: adjustment of electric, elastic and piezoelectric properties by means of foam-structure modification","authors":"M. Wegener, W. Wirges, A. Mellinger, M. Winkler, R. Gerhard-Multhaupt","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612339","url":null,"abstract":"In ferroelectrets, the piezoelectricity is based on bipolar charging of voids in the foam structure, which then represent (macroscopic) dipoles. It was found that inflation by gas-diffusion expansion is an useful processing step in order to optimize the cellular structure by adjusting the void heights (dipole sizes) and the elastic and piezoelectric properties. Here, we describe the inflation of cellular PP films over a range from the initial film thickness with fiat lens-like voids to six-fold film thicknesses with spherical voids. We analyze the resulting void sizes and void-size distributions as well as electrical, elastic and piezoelectric properties of the differently inflated films. Furthermore, the penetration dynamics of different gases such as nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride into the voided structure are investigated.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123313693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dieletric and physicochemical study of the hydration process in cellulose","authors":"P. Vartzeli-Nikaki, S. Kripotou, A. Konsta","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612366","url":null,"abstract":"The hydration mechanism of natural cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose is studied by water sorption isotherms measurement, as well as by thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) and broad band dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), in the temperature range 77-300 K and the frequency range 10-10/sup 6/ Hz. The dependence of the hydration procedure on cellulose crystallinity is investigated and a comparison of results obtained by water sorption, TSDC and DRS is attempted. The behaviour of dc-conductivity and its role on the biological functions of living organisms is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115558356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.P. Regaco, E. Dirani, F. Fonseca, A. M. De Andrade
{"title":"Organic material as gas sensor for farm application","authors":"M.P. Regaco, E. Dirani, F. Fonseca, A. M. De Andrade","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612419","url":null,"abstract":"Polyaniline is a organic material with potential use in electronic nose sensors and has been shown to be highly sensitive to ammonia. This paper shows results of the characterization of ultra thin films of Polyaniline for applications as gaseous ammonia sensor at NH/sub 3/ monitoring at chicken farms. A sensitive layer based on such material deposited on the top of interdigital gold electrodes previously deposited onto a glass substrate by in situ oxidative polymerization having different thicknesses. The electrical characteristics are obtained through conductivity measurements in continuous field (dc), in order to determinate its dependence with ammonia concentration, humidity and temperature, the main parameters to be controlled in the chicken's farm. The results show the potential of such class of device to be used as active material in chicken grows applications.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115570187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. C. Faria, L. F. Santos, R. Faria, A. D. de Andrade, S. Mergulhão
{"title":"Non-dispersive transport in poly(2-methoxy,5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxi)-1-4 phenylene vinylene) studied with the time of flight technique","authors":"G. C. Faria, L. F. Santos, R. Faria, A. D. de Andrade, S. Mergulhão","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612399","url":null,"abstract":"The transport properties of holes and electrons in poly (2-methoxy,5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxi)-1-4 phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) prepared on a p type gallium arsenide (p-GaAs) substrate are investigated by the time of flight technique (TOF). The results are presented in function of applied field, and the laser incident wavelength. Tail broadening parameter has been used to analyze the dispersion of the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115435864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of modified polymer of p-bromo-styrene by \"living\" free radical and Suzuki reaction","authors":"S. Possidonio, L. Péres, W. Hui","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612439","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of homopolymer of p-bromo-styrene using benzoylperoxide (BPO) and (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxi radical) TEMPO as initiators by a free radical polymerization process and the modification of this polymer with p-stilbenylboronic acid by Suzuki synthesis were reported in this work. The modified homopolymer was characterized by infrared and UV spectroscopy, photoluminescence and /sup 1/H-NMR spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125684127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Paterno, N.K.L. Wiziacki, F. Kanno, F. Fonseca, L. Mattoso
{"title":"Nanostructured films of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) and sulfonated polystyrene as sensing parts for taste sensor development","authors":"L. Paterno, N.K.L. Wiziacki, F. Kanno, F. Fonseca, L. Mattoso","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612412","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured films of poly(o-ethoxyaniline) POEA and sodium sulfonated polystyrene PSS produced by the layer-by-layer technique (LBL) have been employed as part of sensory units in a taste sensor system, also known as electronic tongue (ET). The sensitivity of these films to standard taste solutions has been investigated by means of electrical capacitance measurements. At this moment we have observed that the film architecture plays an important role on the film electrical response to different tastes, which also depended on the frequency of the input signal. For instance, the sensitivity of films to sour (HCl 5mM) and salty (NaCl 5 mM) tastes increased as the number of POEA/PSS layers increased when they were interrogated in low frequency (100 Hz). However, at higher frequencies, above 1 kHz, the film sensitivity seemed to be independent on the number of POEA/PSS layers. Also, we have investigated the performance of these films in terms of reprodueibility and repeatability of their electrical response to different tastes. In general, the electrical response of POEA/PSS films has been highly reproducible and repetitive independently on the film architecture and frequency of interrogation. An array containing five LBL POEA/PSS films with different numbers of polymeric layers was able to distinguish liquids according to their taste and was also able to quantify NaCl at concentrations much lower than the human detection capacity. Such results have been demonstrating the potentiality of these films on the development of taste sensor systems.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"723 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121655977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Farrar, M. Yu, J. West, I. Busch-Vishniac, P. Biermann, J. Arvelo
{"title":"New materials with piezoelectric properties","authors":"D. Farrar, M. Yu, J. West, I. Busch-Vishniac, P. Biermann, J. Arvelo","doi":"10.1109/ISE.2005.1612305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.2005.1612305","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of a piezoelectric response in low density polypropylene (LDPP) suggests that other material, properly treated, might also exhibit both piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The search for new materials is inspired by the relatively low temperature (/spl sim/70degC) depolarization of LDPP and the desire to choose independently the mechanical and electrical properties of a transducer material. Composites of two different materials have been suggested to create a material with desirable mechanical properties and high temperature charge storage capabilities. These combination materials are designed primarily to improve thermal and mechanical stability and to produce a Young's modulus suitable for a given application. It is well known that a small class of polymers (teflon FEP and PTFE) and SiO/sub 2/ have excellent charge storage properties. We investigate the piezoelectric and charge storage properties of multilayer teflon FEP and PTFE with various interface materials of a desired shape, size and compliance. Voided teflon FEP, such as is used for insulation in high end audio cables, is also under investigation. Corona charging has been reported in the literature as the desired method to breakdown the air voids in LDPP and other materials. We use a method of charging which allows even higher fields across the sample by applying a DC voltage directly to the sample. Destructive breakdown is avoided by limiting the current through the sample. Biopolymers also offer a variety of possibilities of forming a composite in a manner that clearly separates the electroactive and bulk mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":364651,"journal":{"name":"2005 12th International Symposium on Electrets","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116062066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}