Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Elder Abuse during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Fayoum Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Marwa Ali Mwaheb, Asmaa Younis Elsary, Amal Raouf Saleh","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_106_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_106_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Elder abuse has evolved into a global public health and human rights issue. COVID-19 had a significant impact on Egypt’s economic development and style of life. Aim This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of elder abuse in the Fayoum Governorate of Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the prevalence of different elder abuse subtypes and study the effect of different demographic characteristics on these abuse subtypes. Methods This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey among 201 older adults aged 60 and above in the Fayoum Governorate. The structured questionnaire used in the study had three sections demographic characteristics, the Hwalek–Sengstock elder abuse screening test, and the Questions to Elicit Elder Abuse screening tool. Results This research documented that the prevalence of elder abuse was (72.6%) and the most prevalent types were emotional and neglect abuse (71.1% and 64.7%, respectively). In our study, 22.9% of older adults were exposed to a single type of abuse, 29.9% to two types, 26.9% to three types, and 10.4% to four types. Female is significantly higher than male abuse exposure (66.7% vs. 33.3%). 52.4% versus 7.1% were more likely to be abused than elderly persons who earn enough income. Conclusion According to this study, emotional and neglect abuse were the most common types of elder abuse. Risk factors for elder abuse included being between the ages of 60 and 70 years, being a woman, residing in a rural location, being illiterate, jobless, married, earning little money, and belonging to a middle-class socioeconomic group. For the general public to better comprehend the consequences of elder abuse on their health and human rights, awareness and education must be increased.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"737 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Structured Orientation Program for Medical Interns in Increasing the Awareness of Informed Consent","authors":"K Suprasanna, R Anand, Sheetal Harakuni, S R Ravikiran","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_104_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_104_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Informed consent has medicolegal implications and is imperative in presentday medical practice. Aims and Objectives The objectives of this study were to estimate the awareness regarding informed consent in interns and to determine the effectiveness of sessions in interns’ orientation programs about informed consent. Materials and Methods Pretest–Posttest study was conducted with a validated questionnaire distributed through Google Forms to interns attending the orientation program at our institute. Responses were recorded on the Likert scale (−2 to + 2). Paired t-test was used to compare the mean pretest and posttest scores. The number of interns with a positive score (+1, +2) for every question in pretest and posttest were also compared. Results One hundred and seventyone out of 232 interns who attended the program submitted both pretest and posttest responses. In the pretest, 12 interns scored < 50% and 46 interns scored more than 75%. A significant increase in posttest responses was seen in the mean score (P < 0.001) and questions related to consent in research, radiological investigations, regarding the need for consent in the additional nonlifesaving procedure. There was an increase in the number of interns having a positive score (+1, +2) for all the questions in posttest as compared to pretest, but a statistically significant increase was seen in questions related to consent in ultrasound and need for consent in the additional nonlifesaving procedure. Conclusion A wellstructured interns’ orientation program is effective in improving awareness regarding consent. Certain gaps in knowledge regarding various aspects of consent need to be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IndiGen project and its application in criminal law in India","authors":"Abhinav Sharma, Somdutt Bhardwaj","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"India has more than 4500 distinct population which are different based on caste, tribe, religion, locations, physical features, social beliefs, and language. Genome India project was approved in February 2020 by the Ministry of Science and Technology to aim gene-mapping of 10,000 samples across India. The IndiGen program achieved the entire genome sequencing of the 1029 healthy Indians. Gene sequencing at population scale can now be benchmarked using this method. The ability to decode the genetic blueprint of Indians for diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases will be emerged further on. A national of different deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs) is maintained by the government for the purpose of medical and matching the criminal DNAs during trials. The UK established its National DNA Database in 1995 by the name of National DNA Database. Australia has almost 8.37 million DNA profiles, which they are using as forensic data. It involves novel methods for monitoring and controlling behavior as well as redesigned means of administering justice, all of which contribute to the construction of new ideas of justice and social governance. DNA phenotyping can be included in the criminal justice system by the project to make it DNA database and DNA databank for the law. This goal can be accomplished by determining the distribution of the data of the genetic outlines by geographical zone and the following closeness of the reference sample to a probable area of origin.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"70 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the integrated detection technology for forensic deoxyribonucleic acid genetic markers and ribonucleic acid molecular markers","authors":"Lei Miao, Jia-Hui Yuan, Ke-Lai Kang, Jie Zhao, Chi Zhang, Le Wang","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_76_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_76_22","url":null,"abstract":"Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genetic markers and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecular markers have been widely used in forensic practices including individual identification, parentage testing, body fluid identification, determination of the age of stains, and molecular pathological diagnosis. Variant information of biological evidence and their interrelation could be revealed by the integrated detection of DNA/RNA markers. The integrated detection workflow aims to simplify working procedures, reduce time consuming and save valuable samples collected from crime scenes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may be an effective method for integrated DNA/RNA detection. In this review, DNA/RNA co-extraction strategies, simultaneous detection methods based on capillary electrophoresis were summarized. Research on NGS-based integrated detection methods of DNA and RNA markers was reviewed to provide a reference for forensic medicine researches and applications.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"64 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43588338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Sex by Applying Discriminant Function Analysis on Osteo-metric Parameters of Clavicle in Population of Haryana","authors":"Arun Kumar, Luv Sharma, Archana, Gaurav N. Kaushik, Naresh Saini, Ravi Kanth Soni, Mohan Singh Meena","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_42_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_42_22","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to pinpoint the identity of the deceased in scenarios such as decomposed bodies, skeletonized remains, mutilated remains, exhumed dead bodies, and in mass disasters. There are many important parameters to establish the identity of a person. The estimation of sex is one of them. Estimation of sex from bones is easy when the whole skeleton is available, but it becomes difficult when the body is mutilated and only parts of the body or bones are available. The present study is undertaken to estimate the sex by applying discriminant function analysis (DFA) on various osteo-metric parameters of the clavicle in the population of Haryana. Two hundred pairs of clavicles were collected from the bodies brought for autopsy. They were macerated and air dried for the removal of soft tissues. Seven variables of clavicle of both sexes were measured and analyzed using the analysis of variance test which provided descriptive statistics. DFA of the values helped in sexing of the clavicle. Estimation of sex from different parameters of the clavicle was possible with overall accuracy of 93% in original and 92.5% in crossvalidated cases among total cases. Accuracy was 96% and 90% in original and 96% and 89% in cross validated cases among males and females respectively, indicating a strong correlation in estimation of sex of a person from the clavicle. The most important parameters to determine the sex from the clavicle are length of clavicle, mid clavicular circumference of clavicle, weight of clavicle, transverse diameter of lateral end of right clavicle, and longitudinal diameter of medial end of the left clavicle.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70793716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age Estimation by Quantitative Cytomorphometric Study Using Buccal Mucosal Cells and Panoramic Radiography: A Comparative Forensic Study","authors":"Kavya Keerthika Nutulapati, Sri Veda Donupati, M P V Prabhat, G Sarat, Swagathika Mishra","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_38_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_38_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim This study aims to estimate the age of an individual using buccal cells by calculating the average cell size and comparing with pulp/tooth area ratio on mandibular canine and linear measurements related to mental foramen using panoramic radiography (PR). Materials and Methods One hundred healthy individuals undergoing PR for various dental procedures were included in this study after obtaining consent. Pulp/tooth ratio using Cameriere et al. method on mandibular canine and linear measurements related to mental foramen, i.e., the distance between the superior and inferior border of the mandible (S-I) and the mandible’s superior border to the superior margin of the mental foramen (S-sM) were estimated using Adobe Photoshop image editing software. Later, buccal smears obtained from the same individual were fixed with 95% alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou’s stain for cytomorphometric analysis. The age was calculated using the regression analysis and correlated with chronological age. Results Statistical significance and better correlation were obtained pulp/tooth area ratio, the distance of S-I of all age groups. However, the distance of S-sM proved to be more effective in Group 4 (51–60 years) and buccal cell size was found to be comparable to the chronological age particularly in Group 5 (above 60 years). Conclusion In the present study, the accuracy of estimated age compared to the chronological age was more promising for pulp/tooth area ratio, followed by S-I, S-sM, and cell size.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gross and Histopathological Changes in Gastrointestinal Tract in Cases of Acute Transoral Paraquat Poisoning","authors":"Moumita Bala, Sayak Sovan Dutta, Anup Kumar Roy, Saurabh Chattopadhyay, Ankita Chunakar","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_70_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background and Justification Paraquat is one of the easily available household poisons and has become an easy source of committing suicide, especially in rural India including in West Bengal where it is used as a “weedkiller.” Out of the fatal 272 poisoning cases where autopsies were done at NRSMCH Morgue in the year 2019, 56.6% of cases died due to transoral paraquat poisoning. Though adequate literature is available showing gross and microscopic changes in lungs, liver, and kidneys following transoral paraquat poisoning, data showing the effect of the poison in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is limited though its detrimental effects on the GI tract are associated with increased morbidity. Objectives The objectives of the study were to assess the gross and histopathological changes in different parts of the GI Tract involving lips, tongue, esophagus, and stomach in paraquat death cases brought for autopsy in NRSMCH Morgue, Kolkata, to fill the gap in the existing literature to a certain extent. Methods The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was done over 5 months and during which we got 38 cases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Macroscopically Congestion with erosion and hemorrhage was seen mostly in the stomach followed by the esophagus. Histopathologically desquamation was the consistent finding in all organs attributed to the corrosive property of the paraquat solution. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltrations are predominantly seen in the tongue followed by the esophagus and lips. Hyperplasia of the surface epithelium was noticeable mostly in the esophagus followed by the tongue and lips but not in the stomach. Involvement of Distortion of glandular architecture in the stomach outnumbers the other organs, followed by the tongue. Necrotic changes were limited to the stomach and esophagus only. Both ulceration and necrotic changes were predominantly limited to the lowermost part of the esophagus than its rest portion, mainly at the junction of the esophagus and stomach where the surface epithelium shifted from squamous to columnar variety. Conclusion The result of the study can be utilized by healthcare professionals to prepare proper medical/surgical interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity in transoral paraquat poisoning cases concerning GI complications.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age estimation using single-rooted teeth of Indian residents by modified Kvaal's method: A pilot study","authors":"D. Jose, D. Mane, S. Varghese, P. Mathews, J. Sebastian","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_37_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_37_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to create an age estimation formula with high sensitivity and specificity using the modified Kvaal's dental radiographic method. The parameters for age estimation were assessed by measuring the length and width of tooth, root, and pulp with the help of a stereomicroscope and digital image analysis. Materials and Methods: Only single-rooted noncarious teeth were included. A total of 203 samples of teeth, with an age ranging from 15 to 85 years, were collected, of which only 123 samples were included in the study. Images of vertically sectioned teeth specimens were captured under a stereomicroscope (version SZ-790, ×10 mm eyepiece), and parameters were measured using Adobe Photoshop. Results: Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate age with the dental parameters, and step-wise regression analysis was used to derive the age estimation formula. A significant correlation of age with pulp length and root and pulp width having P < 0.001 was observed, and an age estimation formula with a standard estimation error of 14 could be derived. Conclusion: Kvaal's parameter in extracted single-rooted tooth showed a better reliability and reproducibility in age estimation. Further studies with a larger sample size and tooth-specific formula using principal component analysis should be considered to validate the accuracy of the present result.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"53 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43249845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Superglue Fuming and Powder Technique for the Enhancement of Latent Fingerprints from Objects Submerged in Water: An Experimental Study in Ghana","authors":"Maxwell Abedi, Richmond Afoakwah, Reagan Appiah, Ebenezer Asante, Fredrick Arthur, Sweta Khariyal","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Criminals’ propensity to precautionary mask their tracks such as disposing of an item of evidence in an aquatic environment (including freshwater and seawater) warrants the ongoing quest for advanced reagents and techniques that are tailored to the substrate characteristics on which the print will be developed. Aim The study aimed to evaluate the synergic efficiency of the superglue fuming technique (using a homemade fuming chamber) and the powder technique in the development and visualization of latent fingerprints (LFPs) from different nonporous substrates submerged in an aquatic environment for up to 120 days. Materials and Methods All selected nonporous substrates were cleaned thoroughly with a 70% alcohol swab. Natural latent prints were obtained from a single donor and the substrates were exposed to an aquatic environment. The superglue fuming (using a homemade fuming chamber) plus the powder technique was employed to develop and visualize the print. Results Our findings disclose that the use of the superglue fuming technique together with the powder technique enhances the recovery rate of LFPs from substrates kept underwater for up to 90 days. The development of fingerprints was challenging from the substrates that were submerged in water for exactly 120 days. Conclusions The resulting efficiency of the combined technique (superglue fuming technique using a homemade fuming chamber + powder technique) is substantially more sensitive, and selective, and performs better than the previously used stand-alone fingerprint enhancement technique. The improvised homemade fuming chamber proves to be a viable alternative to the standardized fuming cabinet in terms of functionality and sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden death in goldenhar syndrome","authors":"B. Hugar, Jayanth S. Hosahally, K. Kumari, Samiya Chisti","doi":"10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_92_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfsm.jfsm_92_21","url":null,"abstract":"Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by incomplete development of the ear, eye, nose, soft palate, lip, and jaw. It is also called oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome of Goldenhar, the name describes the common structural problems seen with the eyes, ears, and vertebrae. The outlook for children with GS varies but is generally very positive. Most children can expect to live a healthy life once treatments have been administered. However, certain congenital heart defects seen in this syndrome such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), persistence of arterial conduct, tetralogy of Fallot, and big vessel transposition can lead to sudden death during childhood. These defects are usually diagnosed during intrauterine life by means of fetal echography, leading to termination of such pregnancy or necessary corrective measures after the birth of such child. If such a child dies, it will be certified by the treating pediatrician. Thus, an autopsy pathologist rarely comes across such deaths. One such case of a 45-day-old female infant suffering from craniofacial deformity who became breathless, cyanotic, and died on the way to the hospital is being discussed here. The right ventricle showed double outlets, arising from it were the pulmonary artery and aorta. A small subaortic VSD was seen. Generalized hypoplasia of all internal viscera on the right side was observed.","PeriodicalId":36434,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"84 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44156071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}