Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Food and Drink: Thoughts on Base Size in Sensory and Consumer Research","authors":"H. Moskowitz","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.177","url":null,"abstract":"In the applied world of product testing the appropriate number of panelists (base size) involves technical and business considerations. Base sizes range from very low (around six; used in expert panelist profiling) to high (hundreds; used in product tests by marketing researchers). Often base sizes are dictated by the requirement that the project identify statistical differences between or among samples. The probabilistic analysis of differences (significance vs. insignificance) derives from statistical theory, with base size used as a method to influence the sampling error (variability). This paper looks at base sizes another way-from the viewpoint of psychophysical scaling. The issue then can be re-stated as ‘what is the necessary base size at which the average rating stabilizes?’ Empirical data suggest that base sizes of 40-50 panelists generate stable averages and that beyond the 80 panelists the average is not particularly affected by the base size. These results hold for actual data for a variety of products, and for different types of attributes, specifically sensory (amount of a characteristic), and hedonic (liking of a characteristic).","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49234346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Autism Spectrum Disorder Associated Bacteria and C. difficile by Polyols","authors":"M. Cannon, M. Merchant, W. Kabat, B. Unruh, A. Ramones","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.176","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of erythritol and xylitol in the inhibition of gut bacteria possibly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI).\u0000Methods: Seven bacterial strains associated with ASD, or with CDI and a control probiotic were tested for polyol inhibitory activity: Clostridium histolyticum, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bifidobacterium longham, and two strains each of Clostridium bolteae and difficile. Each strain was grown in brain heart infusion/sucrose media with polyol concentrations varying from 0% to 15% for erythritol and 0% -30 % for xylitol. Growth of Clostridium histolyticum and Bifidobacterium longham was measured after 24 hours while all other strains were evaluated at 48 hours to permit additional growth. Optical density was measured using a spectrophotometer and the plates were read at 620 nm.\u0000Results: All strains had results indicating polyol inhibition of growth. Clostridium histolyticum (Chis), Bifidobacterium longham (Blof), and both Clostridium bolteae (Cbol) strains showed reduced growth with increasing polyol concentration with an inflection point of about 4% for both xylitol and erythritol (complete or near complete inhibition relative to control wells). Bacteroides vulgatus (Bvul) grew very lightly in the BHI/sucrose. This strain has visible growth but very low OD values. Inhibition of growth with increasing polyol concentrations was observed but assessing the polyol inhibition break point was difficult with this strain.\u0000Conclusions: Xylitol and erythritol at sufficient concentrations were able to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains that have been associated with the development of Autism Spectrum Disorder in recently published studies.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44895376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Resistance by Human G6PD Enzyme Deficiency and Hemoglobin Variants Against Malaria and Natural Selection: Further Evidence from Review of New Studies","authors":"Balgir ranbir","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.167","url":null,"abstract":"Main objective of this article is to review and evaluate recent red cell variant studies for protection against malaria and natural selection. Malaria is a parasitic disease highly widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is also one of the leading causes of death worldwide and genes involved in malaria resistance are the most important for natural selection in human populations. Multiple red cell variants, which evolved probably to counter the lethal effects of malaria and confer protection against malaria through different mechanisms, show high frequencies in malaria endemic vulnerable populations. Different natural protective/resistance mechanisms including hampering of parasite growth, invasion related immunological responses or rapidly elimination of malaria parasite from the infected erythrocytes of host have briefly been discussed, evaluated, and reviewed. Conclusions drawn have been projected here. High frequency of inherited hemoglobin disorders including thalassemias, and red cell G6PD enzyme deficiency, which seemed to evolve simultaneously in relation to malaria, and high mortality caused by Plasmodium falciparum malaria in different vulnerable populations of tropical and subtropical parts of world, confirm that the natural selection is certainly operating against malaria in one way or another; and human population genetics have distinctly played a significant role in the co-evolution of host and malaria. The inverse relationship between sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency and vice versa, revealed by allele frequencies distribution shown in our previous studies, is a testimony of disequilibrium, as sickle cell allele being replaced by G6PD deficiency allele in populations of central India. Positive natural selection plays a definite role against malaria for maintaining balance in high frequency endemic populations.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47192554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) Useful Australian Land Use Practice-Suitable for the World","authors":"M. A. Sheikh","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.166","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of the Environment and Sustainability goes hand in hand as one mechanism compliments the other. On the other hand, Sustainable\u0000Economic Growth can only be achieved if it is linked to Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD). Sustainability can best be described as\u0000\"Living within the limit of what the environment can provide while safe guarding the environment for future generation, Understanding the many\u0000connections between environment, society and economy, and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities\". Uncontrolled Green House\u0000Gas Emission has caused global warming, sea level rise, change of weather pattern (e.g severe untimely rainfall at unusual location), and\u0000alarming increase of natural disasters (Cyclone, Hurricane, Floods, Tsunamis and other natural phenomena). Third world countries are worst\u0000affected by the Green House Gas Emission and Global Warming Impact and Bangladesh is one of them. UN has taken a leading role and guiding\u0000the world to work together not only to reduce pollution but to make significant contribution in achieving pristine environmental conditions. Under\u0000the umbrella of UN, the world is now taking collective action to reduce Green House Gas Emission and Tackle Global Warming Impacts.\u0000Concerted efforts must be taken in an accelerated pace to educate at Global, Regional, National and Community level, about the benefits of the\u0000above-mentioned concepts and introduce incentive-based programs for mass participation. The environmental cleanup process should start from\u0000individual home and gradually extending to community, national and global level to achieve accelerated measurable success. An opportunity\u0000must be created to reform land use change, replacing pollution producing industries with environmentally sustainable practices. It is overdue to\u0000put through a series of EPA recommended processes to clean up the contaminated land, soil and water and secondly, introduce and adapt an\u0000Ecologically Sustainable Development program. The long-term goal should be to expedite and spread the land use change practices to relace the\u0000contaminated practices and introduce mandatory adaption of environment friendly technology for the ongoing industrial and business activities to\u0000reduce pollution while contributing improving the environment. With a global collective action this world can be transformed into a heaven on\u0000earth.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43991226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Food and Beverage Product Development: From the Past to the 21st Century and Beyond","authors":"H. Moskowitz, Derek Roberts, D. Nagarajan, A. Gere","doi":"10.33805/2576.8484.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.165","url":null,"abstract":"Psychophysics is the oldest branch of experimental psychology, devoted to understanding the relation between physical stimuli (e.g., ingredients, processes) and subjective response. When applied to developing food products for commercial use, psychophysics takes on a new role, as a center point in an evolving ecology of many unrelated but relevant disciplines and professions. We present a short history of the application of psychophysics to the world of food product design, and the ecosystems which grew around it, evolved, changed, and had to be reengineered to be relevant for the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43229438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bio Immune(G)ene Medicine or How to Use a Maximum of Molecular Resources of the Cell for Therapeutic Purposes","authors":"G. Gilbert","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.164","url":null,"abstract":"At a time when emerging concepts capable of revolutionizing old medical paradigms are flourishing, such as systems biology, integrative medicine or personalized medicine, it is of the utmost interest to observe how such concepts can be applied in the context of a therapeutic method that is both innovative and devoid of any undesirable effect, because it simply seeks to play a regulatory role. The aim of this method called Bio Immune(G)ene MEDicine (BI(G)MED) is to make the best use of all the molecular resources available to the cell to restore the homeostasis of the latter at its various levels of genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. To achieve this goal, it is of course essential to use means borrowed to nanobiotechnologies to ensure a high efficiency of the molecules made available to the cells to facilitate their self-regulation thanks to a therapeutic model essentially based on true biomimicry. The description of one or the other clinical case will show how this method can be effective in polypathologies, sometimes very advanced and often recurrent, without ever harming the patient elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic Structural Analysis of the Alam-El Bueib Formation, Qasr Oil Field, North Western desert, Egypt","authors":"Farouk I. Metwalli, Mahmoud S. M. Yousif, N. Dally, A. Ata","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.163","url":null,"abstract":"The Qasr oil and gas Field is located in the north western desert of Egypt. It belongs to the southeastern part of the Lower Jurassic-Cretaceous Shushan Basin. The Lower Cretaceous Alam-El Bueib formation composed of clastic rocks with noticeable carbonate proportions, and forms multiple oil-bearing sandstone reservoirs in Qasr field. The study aims to define and analyze the Surface and subsurface structural features which are a key issue in assessing reservoir quality. Through this integrated approach, one may be able to identify lithologies and fluids in this region and provide possibly new hydrocarbon fairways for exploration. For this purpose, seismic and well data were interpreted and mapped in order to visualize the subsurface structure of the Cretaceous section. Results show the effect of NE-SW, NW-SE, and E-W trending normal faulting on the Lower Cretaceous Alam-El Bueib formation and is extended to the Upper Cretaceous Abu Roash Formation. The effect of folding is minimal but can be detected. These normal faults are related to the extensional tectonics which affected the north western desert of Egypt during the Mesozoic. One reverse fault is detected in the eastern part and is related mostly to the inversion tectonics in the Late Mesozoic. The depth structure contour maps of the Alam-El Bueib horizons (AEB-1, AEB-3A, and AEB-3D) show several major normal faults trending NE-SW and minor normal faults trending NW-SE. One larger branching normal fault trending E-W and lies to the south of the study area. These step-normal faults divide the area into a number of tilted structural blocks which are shallower in the south and deepen to the north. The area of study was most probably affected by E-W trending normal faults during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean in the Jurassic. Later right-lateral compression resulted from the movement of Laurasia against North Africa, changed their trend into NE-SW faults with minor NW-SE trending folds. These compressive stresses are also responsible for the reverse faulting resulted by inversion in the Late Mesozoic.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective and Safe Fibrinolysis Requires both Plasminogen Activators in a Sequential Combination","authors":"V. Gurewich","doi":"10.33805/2576.8484.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.162","url":null,"abstract":"A clot that obstructs blood flow triggers the onset of most heart attacks and 85% of strokes, the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Reestablishing blood flow rapidly limits damage to the heart or brain, saves lives, and can restore well-being. Since “time is heart or brain,” treatment must be initiated rapidly, which means by a readily available method. \u0000\u0000Fibrinolysis is the only therapy able to fulfill these criteria but the current method using tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) monotherapy is not sufficiently safe to be administered without pre-testing nor is it sufficiently effective to be very useful. Although anticoagulants have evolved, especially in recent years, the same thrombolytic has been used since 1987, when tPA monotherapy was approved for the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and subsequently also for ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Helmholtzian Operator and Maxwell-Cassano Equations of an Electromagnetic-nuclear Field","authors":"C. M. Cassano","doi":"10.33805/2576.8484.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.161","url":null,"abstract":"This article demonstrates that when acting on a four-vector doublet, the Helmholtzian may be factored into two 4×4/8×8 differential matrices, resulting in a four-vector doublet Klein-Gordon equation with source. This factorization enables yielding of a mass-generalized set of Maxwell’s equations.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48064737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Oil and Its Antimicrobial Activity from Ethiopian Acokanthera schimperia","authors":"Wondwosen Abebe Matebie, Wanchang Zhang, Shuo Zhang, G. Xie","doi":"10.33805/2576.8484.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acokanthera schimperia is a medicinal plant, which has been used by traditional healers as a curing agent in Ethiopia. Objective: The constituents of the essential oil, which was extracted from the leaves of A. schimperia, were investigated, and its antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied. Materials and Methods: The essential oil was extracted by an ordinary steam distillation process, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the oil were studied by micro-dilution method against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis (for bacteria), and Candida albicans (for fungus) respectively. Result: From the essential oil, 21 compounds were recognized, and making up 56.06 %. However, the essential oil doesn’t show any antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: This is the first research on A. schimperia concerning its essential oil and antimicrobial activities.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45256745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}