African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research最新文献

{"title":"From Commodity to Colonial Currencies: A History of Money in the Former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during Pre-Colonial and Colonial Periods","authors":"A. Y., Yandaki U.A.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-nfy9qrgp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-nfy9qrgp","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the British conquest of Northern Nigeria in 1903, to which the former Sokoto Province area of Nigeria belonged, the region had an organised economy consisting of an agricultural system that produced not only foodstuffs but also raw materials and supplies for industries and international trade. There were systems of markets, taxation, credit, as well as local and long distance trade. There were also many kinds of currencies used as medium of exchange. The currencies are being referred to differently by various scholars. Some of the names given to them include: ‘commodity’, ‘trade’, ‘traditional’ or ‘local’ currencies. They include slaves, cloths, cowries, manilla, iron rods, silver, gold, Maria Theresa dollars, etc. Some of them had very limited areas in which they were used as currency while others were used over a vast area. Moreover, some of them such as slaves and cloth were locally sourced and had other uses than serving as currency. Others like cowries and silver dollars were obtained from far places such as Maldives Island in the Indian Ocean and various European and American countries respectively. However, when colonial rule was imposed on Africans, the colonial powers regarded the pre-colonial currencies not only as inefficient but also pernicious and then replaced them with colonial currencies. The colonial currencies were actually more portable, easily convertible and universally acceptable compared to the pre-colonial currencies. Thus, the British considered the pre-colonial currencies of the Nigerian area as ‘cumbersome’, which would not allow for international trade and incorporation of the country’s economy into that of the British capitalist economy. Consequently, the British coins were introduced and gradually they replaced the pre-colonial currencies as the only medium of exchange. This paper, therefore, examines the history of transition from the use of commodity to colonial currencies as media of exchange in the former Sokoto Province of Nigeria during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Historical research methodology, through the use of primary and secondary sources, were employed to write the paper.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115505230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood Implication of Artisanal Mining on Herders in Jema’a and Sanga Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Zankan J.A.A., Abdul I., Mande A.J., A. H.A","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-f4shz0hd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-f4shz0hd","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the livelihood implication of artisanal mining on herders in Jema’a and Sanga local government areas of Kaduna state, Nigeria, with a view to providing information for sustainable living. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire survey, in-depth interview and direct field observation. The result showed that herders are involved in artisanal mining due to economic hardship/poverty, quick/high income generation from mining, supplementing income generated from other sources, lack of livestock, availability of minerals, high level of insecurity and Covid-19 lockdown. The result also indicated that artisanal mining increases asset acquisition, empowerment and provision of job to herders, leads to new income generating opportunities, and increase in income due to high demand for animal products, but diminishes available land for grazing, forces herders to relocate to new areas, causes competition for natural resources, lures their younger ones away from herding, prostitution, armed robbery and kidnapping, loss of livestock, pollution of domestic water sources and loss of young herders. It is therefore important that adequate training be given to herders on modern methods of livestock keeping to discourage them from involving in mining of minerals. In order to reduce their vulnerability to mining of minerals, it is also recommended that government and private sectors should work towards reducing poverty and unemployment to all kinds of persons across the country.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132687450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOWAS Common Currency Postponed Again: Will the Currency Ever be Launched?","authors":"Nzubechi A.C., Oyinmiebi P.T., John C.C.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-r6zmvi8l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-r6zmvi8l","url":null,"abstract":"The plan to introduce a common currency in West Africa has been difficult to achieve. Since this plan was agreed upon by member countries, it has faced more than 5 postponements, and this has made scholars and experts question whether the common currency will ever be introduced in the sub-region. This question comes from the postponement of the launch of the common currency to 2027. Before this announcement, the common currency was confronted with various issues and challenges (convergence criteria, fear of loss of fiscal sovereignty, CFA franc zone, and France hegemonic pressure). ECOWAS blamed the COVID-19 pandemic for the recent postponement of the date to 2027. This paper therefore seeks to interrogate the implication of the COVID-19 pandemic on the common currency process coupled with the already existing challenges and issues that had over the years confronted the common currency. The study relied essentially on qualitative data predicated on secondary data. The study adopted the theory of Optimum Currency Area. The paper revealed that the inability of ECOWAS to overcome the issues facing the common currency caused the postponements. The study recommended, amongst other things, that the issues and challenges should be addressed by ECOWAS, the process of the common currency should not be rushed, and the eurozone crisis should serve as a lesson to ECOWAS.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Consequences of Conflict: The Predicament of Internally Displaced Persons in Benue State","authors":"Patrick I.U., Terungwa P.J.J.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-za1boplm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-za1boplm","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the study was to examine the conditions of IDPs in Benue State, with other specific objectives. A data was collected from sample of 236,262 IDPs obtained from 3 official camps (Abagena in Makurdi, Gbajimba in Guma, and Anyiin in Logo) and 3 unofficial camps (Agatu, Gwer-West and Anyiin Community LGAs) out of the twenty-eight (6 official & 22 un-official) IDP camps with a population of 483,693 IDPs. Primary data was sourced essentially through oral interviews and Focused Group Discussions (FGD). Secondary data was obtained from published sources. The qualitative analytical approaches of grounded method and hermeneutic analysis were used to analyse the data from interview transcripts and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). These were complemented with descriptive methods. Findings of the study showed that the State Government could only provide shelter and other support for 15% of the IDPs leaving the 85% to fend for themselves. The effects of displacements on the affected rural communities in Benue State were found to include: land grabbing and likely extinction of the rural communities, changes in the demographic composition of the rural communities, economic and political backwardness, among others. In terms of the prevailing conditions in the IDP camps, the findings revealed that all IDPs are facing challenges of accommodation, inadequate food, inadequate employment opportunities, poor clothing, lack of access to quality education and poor healthcare. These have left the IDPs with unfavourable short and long-term impacts which include: homelessness, starvation/malnourishment, diseases, death, etc. Conclusively, though there has been support from both the State and Federal governments and humanitarian assistance from other spirited bodies, more interventions are urgently needed in the areas of shelter, food, clothing, health, education, and access to employment for vulnerable IDP families across Benue State, as they still wallow in pains in their current state of deprivation. The study also recommends that the Benue State government should ensure the implementation of the existing principles, guidelines, and strategies targeting IDPs to alleviate their suffering.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115241646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Personality Traits on Career Decision among Secondary School Students in Enugu East Senatorial Zone of Enugu State","authors":"Agbo Nwanneka Justina","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr_32glwxez","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr_32glwxez","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to look at the impact of personality characteristics on profession decisions among secondary school students in Enugu State, Nigeria. The survey design was used for the investigation. The research's sample of 200 kids was recruited from ten public schools in the study region using a stratified random selection procedure. The main data collecting instrument was the personality traits and students' career choices questionnaire (PTSCDQ), and the data obtained was analyzed using the independent t-test technique. At the 0.05 level of significance, the null hypotheses were tested. The findings suggested that attitude and perception personality characteristics had a substantial effect on secondary school students' profession decisions. Based on these and other findings, it was determined that students' profession choices are impacted not only by their parents and image models, but also by their attitude, perception, and individual attributes based on how they think about such careers. As a result, it was suggested that professional counselors, parents/guardians, teachers, and administrators work together to raise career knowledge and pay greater attention to the personality traits of attitude and perception demonstrated by students.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114295432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restructuring: A Catholicon for the Stability of Nigerian Federalism","authors":"Deinibiteim M.H., M. T.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-vfdyao6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-vfdyao6s","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has, over the last three decades, observed threats to its corporate existence as a federation due to the dissatisfaction of the various ethnic nationalities. This dissatisfaction has necessitated the growth of ethnic and micro-nationalistic groups requesting that the country be restructured. Hence the clamour for “restructuring” is high more than ever in the country, with the different ethnic groups advocating for one form of restructuring of the other; while others are threatening to secede from the union. Successive governments have made efforts to pacify the different ethnic nationalities to keep fate with the Nigerian federation with little success, as the agitations for restructuring and threats to disintegrate remain all times high. Consequently, there is strong political rivalry, among the different ethnic groups, which has substantially created political instability in the nation. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that genuine and sincere restructuring of the Nigerian State will to a large extent dowse the threats to Nigerian federalism. The study adopted the Cooperative Federalism strand of the Modern Approach of Federalism, which is anchored on cooperation and interdependence among component units of governments, to explain the necessity for restructuring the Nigerian State. The study used mainly secondary data related to federalism, restructuring and political stability. The study revealed that there has not been a sincere effort at restructuring the Nigerian State since the collapse of the First Republic through a coup d’état, which to a large extent made the country operate as a unitary state and this has fueled ethnic rivalry as well as underdevelopment in the country. The paper concluded that for Nigerian federalism to be substantially free from stress and strains there must be a concerted effort at sincerely restructuring the polity. The study recommended among other things, that government should expedite action to restructure the Nigerian State, engage the dissatisfied and agitating groups clamouring for self-determination, grant greater autonomy to the sub-units, and allow the states to explore and exploit mineral resources in their domain for maximum productivity and development.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134357869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Pandemic: Institutional Trust and Safety Compliance among Owners of Small and Medium Scale Business in Yenagoa, Nigeria","authors":"O. M., Udeh P.C.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-ymtb7ot8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-ymtb7ot8","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has unraveled the level of skepticism between governmental institutions and the governed through breaches of confidence and non-compliance with government safety regulations. Despite this, empirical studies on the degree of confidence and compliance with government rules/guidelines in preventing pandemic transmission are still scarce. This study, therefore, examined the relationship between institutional trust and safety compliance with government directives among owners of Small and Medium Scale Business’ (SMBs) in Yenagoa City, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Institutional theory was used as a framework, and a cross-sectional survey was employed. A sample of 346 SMB owners were surveyed, and a structured questionnaire was administered proportionally to randomly selected respondents using Yamane’s (1967) formula. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi Square at 95% significance level. The respondents’ age was 33.39±6.27 years. Half of the respondents (50.0%) engaged in service providing subsector. A high proportion of SMB owners (65.6%) displayed low trust in government Covid-19 rules/guidelines; and this was significantly related to age (x2=119.47), nature of business (x2=61.33), religion (x2=38.82), monthly profit (x2=55.67), and educational level (x2=55.67). While the majority of SMB owners (59.8%) claimed a high degree of compliance with Covid-19 rules/guidelines, 40.2% did not; and this was significantly related to age (x2=54.79), nature of business (x2=20.34), religion (x2=34.55), monthly profit (x2=31.83), educational level (x2=32.58) and underlying health conditions (x2=92.82) of SMB owners. This finding suggests that there should be a need to enforce stringent compliance rules on SMB owners, while palliatives are provided to cushion the effects of the guidelines.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117284591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality and Psychological Well-Being among Cancer Caregivers at the Uganda Cancer Institute and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital","authors":"R. K., M. M., Godfrey Z.R., N. N., Jackson O., S. K.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-m1oakzto","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-m1oakzto","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the relationship between personality and psychological wellbeing among caregivers of patients with cancer in central and southwestern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adult caregivers of patients with cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute in Kampala and at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in southwestern Uganda. The participants were consecutively recruited until a sample of 436 was reached. Personality was assessed using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) after structural validation using exploratory factor analysis. On the other hand, psychological wellbeing was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data was analyzed using STATA version 14. The composite indices were summarized using measures of central tendency and spread. The relationship between the different subscales and the effect of personality on psychological wellbeing was assessed using multiple linear regression modelling. Results: After controlling for all the covariates, the personality domains of extroversion (P 0.0001, f statistic 4.26), neuroticism (P 0.0001, f statistic 4.31), openness (P 0.0000, f statistic 4.36) and introversion (P 0.0000, f statistic 4.31) influence psychological wellbeing of caregivers of patients with cancer. Conclusion: An individual’s personality is very crucial in cancer caregiving because it affects his/her psychological wellbeing. Therefore it is important that the caregivers’ personality disposition is considered at the beginning and during the caregiving journey.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125750675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating כֹּהֵן into Okun Mother-Tongue of Nigeria: A Proposal","authors":"Isaac B., Olupinyo O. S.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-oovgffh8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-oovgffh8","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of “priesthood” is not limited to the biblical priesthood as it is evident in the historical accounts of nations, beginning from the Ancient Near East (ANE) to Africa and other parts of the world. Yet, the Hebrew term כֹּהֵן (“priest”) is one of the key biblical terms that pose serious translation challenges to most African translators. The problem has to do with whether or not to render it using the local term for traditional priests. Many translators do not use the local term for “traditional priest” to render “priest of God” because of the fear that such rendering might associate biblical priesthood with idolatry. The Okun community of Nigeria has two options; namely, Aworo (Okun word for traditional priest) or Alufa (Yoruba word for “pastor”). The question of which word to use in the ongoing Okun Bible Translation Project has generated controversies not only among the team of translators but also among religious leaders of the entire Okun community. This research was, therefore, conducted to explore what implications each of the options has and to propose a solution to the problem. A careful analysis of responses from one hundred and fifty (150) selected interviewees revealed that most Okun people consider Aworo as the most appropriate word for כֹּהֵן. However, the fetish connotation of Aworo has the potential of hindering its acceptance among the masses. The paper proposed the use of the compound expression Aworo-Ọlọrun (“priest of God”) to distinguish it from the priest of the idols. The proposed rendering is both socio-religiously appropriate and theologically sound. The use of Aworo-Ọlọrun stands the chance of not only enhancing the Okun mother-tongue theologizing but also facilitating the decolonization of Christianity for the Okun community.","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116663048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Intention to use Family Planning among Ekiti State Female Farmers","authors":"Aarinola O.A., Babalola D.A., M. E.","doi":"10.52589/ajsshr-m5x6ssmx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-m5x6ssmx","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":363531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122505150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}