AitherPub Date : 2018-09-30DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.009
M. Smolak
{"title":"Etymology and Meaning of προαίρεσις in Aristotle's Ethics","authors":"M. Smolak","doi":"10.5507/aither.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/aither.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"In NE III.2 1112a13 Aristotle raises the following question: “What is προαίρεσις?”. But προαίρεσις has different meanings and it is practically untranslatable into modern languages, as are most crucial terms of classical Greek. In this article, the author attempts to explain what προαίρεσις is for Aristotle. The author first presents the etymology of the term προαίρεσις based upon Aristotle’s remarks in his ethical treatises and shows that the term does not reflect what προαίρεσις is for him. Second, the author outlines characteristics of the uncontrolled person and indicates, on this ground, what Aristotle’s προαίρεσις is not. Finally, the author points out that προαίρεσις in the full sense involves two elements – the orectical-deliberative element and the decisional-functional element – and sketches out their features.","PeriodicalId":36348,"journal":{"name":"Aither","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43792643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AitherPub Date : 2018-09-30DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.007
M. Porubjak
{"title":"Socrates as the Paradigmatic Figure of Practical Philosophy","authors":"M. Porubjak","doi":"10.5507/aither.2018.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/aither.2018.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36348,"journal":{"name":"Aither","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44693744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AitherPub Date : 2018-09-30DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.006
Vojtěch Hladký
{"title":"Transmigrating Soul Between the Presocratics and Plato","authors":"Vojtěch Hladký","doi":"10.5507/aither.2018.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/aither.2018.006","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the nature of transmigrating soul in the early Greek thought, most notably in the thought of Empedocles and Philolaus. It argues that, in general, soul was conceived as a kind of subtle ‘matter’. The turning point Plato who strive to guarantee soul’s immortality by connecting it with transcendent, but also immaterial Forms. This accentuates the intellectual character of soul, and this holds also in eschatological context, but at the same time transforms the categories in which we tend to think about it until today. * This is an expanded and revised version of an article originally published in Czech as Hladký 2010. I would like to thank Eliška Fulínová, Jean-Claude Picot, Richard Seaford, Jiří Stránský, and Tomáš Vítek for their invaluable comments and suggestions. This work has been supported by Charles University Research Centre program No. 204056. For the Greek text of Empedocles and Philolaus, we use chiefly the classical edition by Diels and Kranz 1951–1952, from which, however, we often diverge and use Wright 1995 and Huffman 1993. On the subject of early Greek notion of the soul in general, one can recommend the following sources with further references: Rohde 1925, Furley 1956, Claus 1981, Bremmer 1983, 2002, 2010, Albinus 2000, and Lorenz 2009. The subject of transmigration and afterlife in particular is treated in Long 1948, Burkert 1995, and Drozdek 2011.","PeriodicalId":36348,"journal":{"name":"Aither","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AitherPub Date : 2018-09-30DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.008
P. Labuda
{"title":"Aristotle's Theory of Language in the Light of Phys. I.1","authors":"P. Labuda","doi":"10.5507/aither.2018.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/aither.2018.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36348,"journal":{"name":"Aither","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45302991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AitherPub Date : 2018-09-30DOI: 10.5507/aither.2018.010
K. Šebela
{"title":"Aristotle vs. Boole: A case of the Universe of Discourse","authors":"K. Šebela","doi":"10.5507/aither.2018.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/aither.2018.010","url":null,"abstract":"K arel Šebela Faculty of Arts Palacky University Olomouc Křížkovského 12 771 80 Olomouc karel.sebela@upol.cz abstract I will present a case study comparing Aristotelian and modern predicate logic. The traditional square of opposition embodied certain relations between propositions. When rewritten into the language of modern logic, the relations embodied in the traditional square mostly disappear. As a matter of fact, some conservative versions of predicate logic, namely sortal logic, preserve relations in the square. I will argue that the explanation of the fact is that modern logic accepts the socalled principle of wholistic reference. The principle was stated initially by Boole with respect to his concept of a so-called universe of discourse. According to the principle, each and every proposition refers to the universe of discourse as such. The difference between Aristotelian and modern logic will thus be portrayed as a difference in the concept of what are we talking about in the universal propositions.*","PeriodicalId":36348,"journal":{"name":"Aither","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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