Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS)最新文献_第3页

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE UNDER THE 2004 CONSTITUTION OF AFGHANISTAN 对2004年阿富汗宪法治理的批判性分析

Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.59219/jheds.v2i1.8

{"title":"CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE UNDER THE 2004 CONSTITUTION OF AFGHANISTAN","authors":"","doi":"10.59219/jheds.v2i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59219/jheds.v2i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The first republic in Afghanistan was established by Sardar mohammad Daood Khan in 1973 and the second was established after 2001 under the Bonn Agreement. According to the Agreement the first will establish an interim government and after it a transitional government. Transitional administration had the task of drafting a constitution and to Facilitate presidential elections.The republic until 2021, ruled by two presidents, Hamid Karzai and Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, and collapsed with the re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate. This study discusses the nature of the form of government in accordance with the constitution and what problems it had.The significance of this study lies in the fact that the government in light of the \"Constitution\" in Afghanistan has identified shortcomings that have made governance controversial. Identifying these shortcomings can help create a system in the future that is capable of doing good governance. \u0000The methodology is qualitative in nature and secondary sources have been used and examined. The secondary source includes Books, Laws, Magazines, Journals and Newspapers etc. \u0000Finally achieved that the government in Afghanistan through 2004 constitution was centralized in which local government had the role of Implementer of plans which would be created by the central administrations. The separation of powers and balance was overshadowed by a powerful executive branch.Relatively weak parliament and increased control of the executive branch on judiciary were some of the issues that plagued governance and caused constant controversy between the government and parliament.","PeriodicalId":363339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117176628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE TALIBAN’S TAKEOVER IN AFGHANISTAN; AN UNCEREMONIOUS END & A CONFOUNDING BEGINNING 塔利班在阿富汗的接管;不拘礼节的结束&令人困惑的开始

Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.59219/jheds.v1i1.11

{"title":"THE TALIBAN’S TAKEOVER IN AFGHANISTAN; AN UNCEREMONIOUS END & A CONFOUNDING BEGINNING","authors":"","doi":"10.59219/jheds.v1i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59219/jheds.v1i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the implications of the recent fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban and its impact on the region and global politics. The paper argues that the United States needs to accept the strategic defeat in Afghanistan and learn from its mistakes, including engaging with the Taliban to ensure a sustainable political settlement in Kabul. The paper also emphasizes the need for constructive engagement with the Taliban to address the bigger challenges, such as dismantling ISIS and al-Qaeda, and preventing the country from becoming a breeding ground for terrorism. \u0000The paper highlights the challenges associated with the Taliban's governance, particularly in terms of human rights, and argues that instead of continuing adversarial relations, the United States should work with regional powers to encourage the Taliban to adopt a more inclusive political system. The paper also underscores the importance of international recognition for the Taliban, which could be used as leverage to bargain for flexibility in governance, particularly regarding human rights and counterterrorism. \u0000Overall, the paper suggests that a regional consensus among powers such as China, Russia, Pakistan, and Iran, backed by the United States, could convince the Taliban to move toward a more inclusive political system that would provide a sustainable political settlement for the competing forces in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":363339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115060052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR PROJECTS IN BALOCHISTAN; OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES 中巴经济走廊在俾路支省的项目;机遇与挑战

Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.59219/jheds.v1i1.9

H. U. Malik, T. Rehman

引用次数: 0

ENHANCING TRADE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN 加强巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的贸易

Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.59219/jheds.v1i1.12

Muhammad Ayaz Roghani, N. Naseer

引用次数: 0

STRENGTHENING TRADE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND CHINA; A CASE STUDY OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENT 加强中巴贸易;自由贸易协定案例研究

Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.59219/jheds.v1i1.5

Fatima Sahibzada, Sakeena

{"title":"STRENGTHENING TRADE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND CHINA; A CASE STUDY OF FREE TRADE AGREEMENT","authors":"Fatima Sahibzada, Sakeena","doi":"10.59219/jheds.v1i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59219/jheds.v1i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000The paper attempts to explore the potential benefits obtained by Pakistan and China, since they signed China-Pakistan free trade agreement (CPFTA) and the importance of bilateral trade in improving friendship between the two countries. There is a considerable increase in Pakistan’s imports from China and decrease in Pakistan’s exports to China since FTA is concluded. Despite major increase in imports from China, maximum profit had been achieved since it was signed .This also attempts to explore the impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) signed under the FTA. CPEC is a multi-billion dollar project a part of One Belt One Road (OBOR)initiative initially, is carried out for the purpose of infrastructure development and the development of roads railways and gas pipelines to connect Gwadar port with Kashgar in China and facilitate trade. But there is still some negative impacts on Pakistan‘s economy after signing CPEC. The paper will also discuss the negative impacts of CPEC and will try to find the possible solutions to the problems.\u0000Key words: CPFTA, CPEC, Agreements, import, exports, trade, regional connectivity.","PeriodicalId":363339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126138804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHINA PAKSTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR, REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY; IMPLICATION FOR REGIONAL PEACE AND STABILITY 中巴经济走廊，区域经济依存度;对地区和平稳定的影响

Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.59219/jheds.v1i1.3

Sajjad Rasool, Waqar Ahmad

{"title":"CHINA PAKSTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR, REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY; IMPLICATION FOR REGIONAL PEACE AND STABILITY","authors":"Sajjad Rasool, Waqar Ahmad","doi":"10.59219/jheds.v1i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59219/jheds.v1i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The politics of the area have long been dominated by realist, nationalistic, weapons race, and security-focused South Asian politics, with limited room for liberalism and solutions to regional and domestic problems. However, because of its economic dependence and multilateralism, CPEC, as a component of BRI, provides a pathway for modernisation in the region. The growth and extension of CPEC may result in economic expansion, regional development, peace, and prosperity. Many people think that CPEC would just benefit Pakistan and China, but in reality, it will have a significant influence on the social, political, and economic landscapes of South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Openness and inclusivity are necessary for CPEC to be a source of peace, prosperity, and a tool for conflict resolution. \u0000It is up against a lot of obstacles and adversaries. Nevertheless, it has the ability to accomplish its goals and build a stable, integrated community in the area. Instead of just countries, regions will reap its advantages. Economic interdependence, free commerce, mutual reconciliation, and cooperation will lead to peace and stability. \u0000As a result, it is anticipated that as the CPEC project continues to succeed in connecting Central Asia, a new era of regional peace and stability would usher in an improved climate for cooperation and conflict resolution. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":363339,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Higher Education and Development Studies (JHEDS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128557442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0