Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献

{"title":"A review on rehydrating solutions for fingertips in dried decomposed bodies","authors":"Praveena Prabhakaran ,&nbsp;Shankar M. Bakkannavar ,&nbsp;Vinod C. Nayak ,&nbsp;Vinutha R. Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In forensic science, fingerprint analysis remains one of the most reliable methods for identifying individuals. However, this becomes challenging when dealing with decomposed bodies. Although various techniques are available, there is still a lack of a methodology that yields results quickly, particularly for retrieving and rehydrating mummified fingertips. Mummified tissue presents unique challenges for fingerprinting due to its rigidity, shrinkage, and other features that obscure epidermal ridge detail. This article overviews the rehydration solutions currently used to restore fingerprint details. These solutions include sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ethanol, and recent advancements such as citric acid and specialized tissue conditioners. The efficacy of each solution is discussed in terms of effectiveness and the time required for rehydration. By summarizing these approaches, this article aims to inform forensic practitioners of the available techniques for rehydration and explore future prospects in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evolution of forensic linguistics: From manual analysis to machine learning – A narrative review","authors":"R. Thamizh Mani ,&nbsp;Vikram Palimar ,&nbsp;Mamatha Shivananda Pai ,&nbsp;T.S. Shwetha ,&nbsp;M. Nirmal Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forensic linguistics has evolved from manual textual analysis to machine learning (ML)-driven methodologies, fundamentally transforming its role in criminal investigations. This narrative review clarifies three core objectives: (1) tracing the field’s historical trajectory from early manual techniques to computational innovations, (2) systematically comparing the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of manual versus ML-based approaches, and (3) identifying persistent challenges in ML integration, including algorithmic bias and legal admissibility. By synthesizing 77 studies, the analysis reveals that ML algorithms—notably deep learning and computational stylometry—outperform manual methods in processing large datasets rapidly and identifying subtle linguistic patterns (e.g., authorship attribution accuracy increased by 34 % in ML models). However, manual analysis retains superiority in interpreting cultural nuances and contextual subtleties, underscoring the need for hybrid frameworks that merge human expertise with computational scalability. The study’s novel contribution lies in its empirical demonstration of ML’s transformative potential while critiquing overreliance on automated systems without ethical safeguards. Key challenges, such as biased training data and opaque algorithmic decision-making, highlight unresolved barriers to courtroom admissibility. The review concludes by advocating for standardized validation protocols and interdisciplinary collaboration to advance forensic linguistics into an era of ethically grounded, AI-augmented justice. This dual emphasis on technological innovation and critical oversight positions the field to address evolving demands for precision and interpretability in legal evidence analysis. By addressing these issues, the field is well-positioned to advance as an indispensable and ethically grounded tool in pursuing justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic illicit opioids in Brazil: Nitazenes arrival","authors":"Karen Rafaela Gonçalves de Araújo ,&nbsp;André Luis Fabris ,&nbsp;Luiz Ferreira Neves Junior ,&nbsp;Alexandre Learth Soares ,&nbsp;Jose Luiz Costa ,&nbsp;Mauricio Yonamine","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>While illicit opioids have not been historically significant in Brazil, these numbers have increased in the last few years. This change in the drug scenario is mainly associated with synthetic opioids, a class of new psychoactive substances (NPS). In this context, the present article describes detailed information about the recent cases of synthetic opioids seized in Brazil, especially the nitazenes group.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>All the analyses were carried out by the Superintendence of the Technical-Scientific Police - Narcotics Control Center (STSP-NCC) in São Paulo, between July 2022 and April 2023. The synthetic opioids were mainly found in herbal fragments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nitazenes, were the most frequent drugs detected in the seizures that took place in the State of São Paulo. There was a total of 140 cases of opioids seizures and 95 % out of those belonging to the nitazene group, while only 5 % consisted of other opioids (morphine and fentanyl). Nitazenes were found 28.6 % isolated and 71.4 % mixed with other active compounds, being MDMB-4en-PINACA the most prevalent (30 % of the samples). Non-nitazenes were found 27.1 % mixed and 72.9 % isolated. Nitazenes and non-nitazene opioids were not found in association in any sample.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first consistent report of nitazene opioids apprehensions in Brazil. Also, as far as we know, it is the first report in which nitazenes were detected in the form of herbal fragments. The effect of smoking a potent opioid together with synthetic cannabinoids is unpredictable and most users cannot be aware of what they are using.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910724000240/pdfft?md5=a7c5b03c933404fb9b0a5a77194b8d6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910724000240-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical profiling of wood samples via ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms: Application in wood forensics","authors":"Suraj Garg,&nbsp;Akanksha Sharma,&nbsp;Vishal Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Illegal activities associated with deforestation for the lumber and furniture industries pose significant threats to plant and animal biodiversity, as well as natural resources. Accurate identification of wood sources is vital, yet traditional laboratory techniques often fall short in precisely determining the chemical composition of samples for classification. This study aims to leverage ATR-FTIR spectroscopy alongside machine learning algorithms to construct a robust model for discerning the geographical origins of wood samples from India. By systematically comparing various machine learning classifiers, we address the limitations of subjective visual interpretation and evaluate their accuracy using wood spectral data. Logistic regression emerges as the most effective classifier for distinguishing <em>Eucalyptus</em> (75 % accuracy), <em>Dalbergia</em> (68 % accuracy), and <em>Populus</em> (81.5 % accuracy) species. Through a methodology encompassing data pre-processing, classifier selection, and performance evaluation, this research offers promising tools for combating challenges posed by illegal wood trafficking and transportation. The outcomes hold significant potential for enhancing wildlife crime prevention efforts by facilitating the tracing illicit timber sources, apprehension of perpetrators, and implementation of preventive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910724000264/pdfft?md5=26dfecbc023552b2528478c376f4ff33&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910724000264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex estimation from the first and second ribs using 3D postmortem CT images in a Japanese population: A comparison of discriminant analysis and machine learning techniques","authors":"Tawachai Monum ,&nbsp;Yohsuke Makino ,&nbsp;Daisuke Yajima ,&nbsp;Go Inoguchi ,&nbsp;Fumiko Chiba ,&nbsp;Suguru Torimitsu ,&nbsp;Maiko Yoshida ,&nbsp;Patison Palee ,&nbsp;Yumi Hoshioka ,&nbsp;Naoki Saito ,&nbsp;Hirotaro Iwase","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the use of 3D postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) images of the first and second ribs for sex estimation in a Japanese population. Sex estimation models using conventional discriminant analysis and ten machine learning algorithms including logistic regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), artificial neural network (ANN), and extra tree (ET), were achieved from PMCT measurements of the first and second rib and the accuracy of models were compared. The results showed that ML algorithms, particularly LR, outperformed discriminant analysis, achieving an accuracy of 83.6 % compared to 79.1 % for stepwise discriminant analysis. This study highlights the potential of 3D PMCT and ML for accurate sex estimation in forensic anthropology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910724000355/pdfft?md5=da64721ec3c54df285b9cb30377348ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910724000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From death to the Virgin birth: Multi-analytical investigation of a suspected 16th century painting","authors":"Michelle G. Carlin ,&nbsp;Nicola Grimaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A painting depicting St John the Baptist prior to his brutal execution, until recently, was held in storage at the Bowes Museum in the North of England, UK. Owing to weakened joins in the wood panel the painting was marked for art conservation treatments, examination and analysis. However, other than the fact that the records show it purchased in Italy in the late nineteenth century by museum founders John and Joséphine Bowes, little else is known of the work. Through a combination of chemical testing and technical art history, further knowledge of the painting has been established. Preparation of cross sections of paint was carried out, as well as chemical testing involving pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), lead white, chalk and linseed oil as binder were identified. The presence of an aged natural resin on the surface of the painting, presence of a thick gesso ground layer, as well as examination of the wood panel construction provided insight into the techniques used in the artwork and that they are comparable with late Medieval to early Renaissance period methods. During examination of the cross-section images, it was noted that there was a second preparatory ground layer in the central part of the sequence; this feature prompted further multi-spectral photography and analysis. X-radiography a commonly used technique for painting analysis surprisingly revealed an entirely different image depicting a nativity scene which had been previously completely concealed by the painting of St John we see today. Although an unexpected discovery still presents some unanswered questions such as who the original artist was and why was the panel so radically reworked. This investigation began with the depiction of the imminent death of the St John the Baptist and ended with the virgin birth. This analytical methodology was applied in technical art history but may also have applications in forensic investigations of suspected fraudulent works of art.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Report A light touch; Reviewing the relative effectiveness of light sources and physical/chemical techniques for fingermark retrieval in casework","authors":"Nicholas Marsh ,&nbsp;Karen Marsh ,&nbsp;Lisa Hall ,&nbsp;Ruth Buckley ,&nbsp;Stephen Bleay","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reviewed the efficacy of non-contact light source examinations of serious crime scenes using ultraviolet A (UVA) light, bespoke white light and lasers, compared with subsequent powdering or chemical enhancements. Twenty-six examinations of serious crime scenes or motor vehicles were analysed, from which 655 areas of retrieved fingermark or friction ridge detail<span><span>¹</span></span> where reported on. It was found that undertaking a light source examination revealed equivalent numbers of marks to aluminium powder and chemical enhancements, with only a 4 % duplication rate between optical and physical/chemical techniques suggesting that both approaches are supplementary and should be used sequentially to each other.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of filling procedure for labial augmentation (FPLA) therapy on the stability of lip print: A longitudinal study","authors":"Asmaa F. Sharif ,&nbsp;Kawther AlShaikh ,&nbsp;Nada AlQuraishi ,&nbsp;Inas I. Abdelgawad","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lip print identification is one of the forensic identification tools recognized a long time ago. Few studies investigated the stability of lip prints, particularly the changes attributed to time or aging. To our knowledge, no previous studies speculated the changes in lip print following lip augmentation therapy, which has increased over the last few years. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of lip augmentation therapy on lip print stability. The current study was a prospective longitudinal study that enrolled female volunteers who underwent a filling procedure for labial augmentation. A total of 24 volunteers' prints were analyzed using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Participants showed a mean age of 27.5 ± 6.0 years. The current study showed that no two lips exhibited the same pattern. Moreover, although the filling procedure for labial augmentation (FPLA) therapy preserved the predominant groove pattern, it significantly influenced the frequency of lip patterns in all lip quadrants. A significant decline in the number of lip grooves, notably Types I and I' was noticed. However, the predominant groove pattern was preserved. Quadrants A and D were the least affected lip parts. Type I′ was the predominant lip pattern over the study population, representing 83.3 %, followed by Type I, representing 16.7 % before and 12.5 % after augmentation without a statistically significant difference (<em>p =</em> 0.317). On the other side, Type III was the least presented pattern. The upper lip score had decreased significantly after augmentation from 71.5 ± 10.8–65.8 ± 10.2, and the lower lip score had decreased significantly from 67.4 ± 13.7–64.9 ± 13.5. Consequently, the overall lips score had decreased significantly from 139.0 ± 22.9–130.7 ± 21.1 after augmentation (<em>p &lt;</em> 0.001). So, we recommend adopting more than one criterion to report a reliable, repeatable lip print, including the frequency of lip lines besides the predominant pattern. However, we advise giving more attention to the distinguished lip patterns (Types II, III, IV, and V) and considering the FPLA as one of the lip print modifiers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910724000318/pdfft?md5=ecd933f3349a7acd6f6f7c577f88e112&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910724000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the 2023 rapid DNA multi-laboratory study – RapidINTEL Plus sample cartridge","authors":"Erica L. Romsos ,&nbsp;Lilliana I. Moreno ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Hares","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identical sensitivity and mixture sample sets were provided to six external laboratories to evaluate the recent enhancements to the Rapid DNA technology for crime scene-type samples. Data were returned to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for review and analysis. Manual interpretation (modified Rapid DNA analysis) was conducted on all samples to assess the success of genotyping for both full profiles and the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci using 18 total cellular DNA input amounts ranging from 102.4 ng to 0.025 ng. Two-person and three-person mixtures at varying ratios for two total DNA inputs were analyzed and observed allele percentages were compared to expected allele percentages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rectal foreign body with giant bladder stone; An autopsy case of unusual autoerotic death","authors":"Tadashi Hosoya ,&nbsp;Kazuki Harada ,&nbsp;Jun Kanetake","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A man in his 60 s, who had experienced sustained abdominal pain intermittently for three years, lost consciousness and was transferred to an emergency hospital, where he was pronounced dead. In the forensic autopsy, a giant bladder stone measuring 6.5 × 6.0 × 4.0 cm was found adhering to an aluminum eyeliner that penetrated the anterior wall of his rectum. This might have induced pyelonephritis in the left kidney, resulting in sepsis. The deceased may have inserted the eyeliner for sexual stimulation. However, the eyeliner did not injure the peritoneum and no peritonitis occurred, which probably prevented acute sepsis immediately after insertion. The exact time of penetration was undetermined; however, the rectal foreign body may have been retained for three years. This case suggests that sexual activity should be considered a possible manner of death, even if it took place several years previously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910724000343/pdfft?md5=8f4eaf96e1449725b6ad4e9cd3ec889e&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910724000343-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}