Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of the program Stature for stature estimation in White South Africans","authors":"Natasha R. Loubser ,&nbsp;Amy J. Spies ,&nbsp;Desiré Brits","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2016, Polcerová and Králik created an open-access software program, <em>Stature</em>, designed to automate the estimation of living stature in forensic and archaeological cases. This program includes 22 equations from 13 publications, based on both anatomical and mathematical methods to automate stature estimations. This program does not currently include any population data relating to South Africa, and therefore, this study aimed to assess the accuracy of the program <em>Stature</em> to estimate living stature from the skeletal remains of White South African adults. The living stature of 40 male and 20 female White South African adults from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Modern Human Skeletons was automatically estimated by the program (ELS_P). These estimates were then compared to stature estimates generated by the multivariate equation using the physiological length of the femur and tibial length formulated specifically for the estimation of stature of White South Africans (ELS_D). The vast majority of the ELS_P significantly under- or overestimated the living stature of this sample, however various ELS_P did estimate stature with a sufficient degree of accuracy. It was found that the estimates which were significantly different were associated with the largest inaccuracies, biases, and SEE values and are not applicable to this population group. The equations, using standardised measurements, which were not significantly different could accurately estimate the living stature of White South Africans, however, it is recommended that the data of White South African populations be incorporated into the program <em>Stature</em> for increased accuracy and diversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910724000021/pdfft?md5=dc3461c6617b8ab301888ced219bc935&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910724000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dangers of Chemsex: an autopsy case report","authors":"A. Levasseur ,&nbsp;C. Houssaye ,&nbsp;A. Knapp-Gisclon ,&nbsp;C. Mayer-Duverneuil ,&nbsp;I. Etting ,&nbsp;G. Lorin de la Grandmaison ,&nbsp;J.-C. Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>\"<em>Chemsex</em>\" is an emerging practice all over the world, sometimes fatal for its users. The victim, a 36-year-old martial arts athlete, was found lifeless lying on his back on the ground in the woods, with a rope tied around the neck, passing over the branch of a tree 2 m from the ground, the other end of the ligature being held in the dead body’s right hand. A third party (a male prostitute) was present at the time of death.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A forensic autopsy was performed 48 h after death, including a complete histologic examination of most organs and toxicological analyses. Blood, hair, and organs were analysed for drugs and narcotics (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS), and alcohol was determined by GC-FID.</p></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><p>Autopsy findings showed moderate asphyxia syndrome without clear skin ligature marks, but there were deep cervical contusions. Other contusions were found including deep bruises in the dorsal area and superficial hemorrhagic infiltration of the medial surface of both wrists. Focal bruising of the tongue was found. Organs showed no significant pathology. There was a residual thymus, suggesting chronic drug addiction. Histological examination showed frank signs of hemodynamic shock. Foci of contusions found during autopsy were confirmed, showing no inflammatory reaction. Foci of granular cylinders were present in renal tubules. Heart showed focal non-specific endocardial fibrosis. Toxicological findings were the following ones: (1) peripheral blood: THC at 0.1 ng/mL, THC-COOH at 1 ng/mL, with no 11-OH-THC, indicating last use more than 12 h before death; 3-MMC, NPS-type cathinone at 960 ng/mL, a high, potentially lethal concentration; GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) at 24 mg/L, a medium concentration, but consistent with last use in the hours before death; ethanol at 0.73 g/L, a relatively low concentration, but which potentiates the toxic effects of the associated molecules. (2) Hair: 3-MMC at 1986 pg/mg, consistent with chronic use in the last few months. (3) Viscera: 3-MMC at 700 ng/mg in the brain, suggesting a cerebral distribution of this molecule. The cardio-femoral ratio of 7.6 was consistent with <em>post mortem</em> release from the heart and/or diffusion from the stomach and/or reservoir organs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We present a case of lethal mechanical asphyxia by atypical hanging, which occurred after recent consumption of 3-MMC and GHB, which contributed to the death in a context of chemsex, which is sometimes associated with sadomasochistic practices such as strangulation. As there was a third-party present at the time of death, according to the police investigation, manner of death was undetermined, as homicide possibly by strangulation was not formally ruled out. This autopsy case illustrates the need to carefully confront police investigations with complete forensic investigations, including exhaustive toxicologic","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266591072400001X/pdfft?md5=f46b0d7701ae128ebbf6996795b492c6&pid=1-s2.0-S266591072400001X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manual strangulation: When the laryngeal “colossus” gives way. A case report and literature review","authors":"Emeline Celo ,&nbsp;Ralph Iwaz ,&nbsp;Sophie Boucher ,&nbsp;Donca Zabet ,&nbsp;Nathalie Jousset","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Isolated fractures of the cricoid cartilage are rare. They are caused by violent trauma such as road traffic accidents, sports’ accidents and also assaults.</p><p>Observation: We report the case of a 39-year-old male who presented a displaced bifocal posterior fracture of the cricoid cartilage with a retropharyngeal haematoma responsible for the narrowing of the subglottic airway of around 70% following manual strangulation. He was intubated by nasofibroscopy then surgery was attempted to reduce one of the posterior fragments coupled with tracheotomy, with no success. The tracheostomy was kept in place for a total of three months and the subject was kept hospitalised for two months, due to recurring pulmonary abscesses requiring antibiotic treatment and drainage. On the last follow-up consultation, over one year after the trauma, persisted vocal weakness, exertional stridor, asymmetric positioning of the right arytenoid and laryngeal stenosis of around 15%.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>We found 57 cases of cricoid fractures in the literature review. The primary manifestations of such fractures are dyspnoea, dysphonia and pain. The treatment most often consists in securing the airway by tracheostomy or intubation, however surgery can prove necessary. The main complication is laryngeal canal stenosis by granulomatous scar reaction. From a medico-legal point of view, cricoid fractures are considered by some authors as a potential indicator of homicide given the great force required to achieve this type of fracture, or at the very least, should raise suspicion of third party involvement. In the case of forensic autopsies, a meticulous examination is required given the fact that this cartilage is well sheathed inside the various surrounding structures. In forensic expertise, the potential complications and sequelae of these fractures should be taken into account.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Fractures of the cricoid cartilage are important for both clinician and forensic physician to be aware of, because of potential complications and sequelae, and because this type of trauma should raise suspicion of third-party involvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000464/pdfft?md5=6c012f8fb383800f9d128ba64b657b8b&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000464-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA recovery from biological material on mini tapes using a simple extraction buffer and solid phase reversible immobilisation (SPRI) purification","authors":"Agnieszka Kuffel,&nbsp;Niamh Nic Daeid,&nbsp;Alexander Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we compare the performance of a simple PVP extraction method with a commercially available and widely used kit for recovering DNA from adhesive tapes. This novel method shows almost 60% higher DNA recovery from blood deposits on SceneSafe Fast™ minitapes when compared to the PrepFiler™ BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit. We also demonstrate how a simple modification of the magnetic bead-based purification step can lead to better recovery and removal of PCR inhibitors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000452/pdfft?md5=81d9f8ac613770bfd2e807757bf15820&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for estimating the vehicle impact speed in collision with stationary vehicle or barrier using camera video record","authors":"Myung-Cheol Park ,&nbsp;Jong-hyuk Kim ,&nbsp;Won-taek Oh ,&nbsp;Sang-hyun Iim ,&nbsp;Seong-Jin Kim ,&nbsp;U.-Jeong Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Korea, most drivers equip their vehicles with a black box camera, used to estimate the speed of the vehicle in case of traffic accidents such as car-to-car collisions, single-car accidents, and car-to-pedestrian accidents. Traditionally, speed estimation using the camera video has been done by using the distance between the road lane, surrounding structures, etc.</p><p>However, when the following vehicle collides with a stationary leading vehicle or barrier, and no road lanes or structures are visible around the driving path in the black box camera video of the following vehicle, the speed of the following vehicle could be just estimated according the deformations on the collided vehicles or objects.</p><p>Therefore, in this study, when a vehicle collision occurs, a virtual parallel line is drawn between the leading vehicle and the following vehicle in the black box camera image of the following vehicle and analyzed geometrically to estimate the distance and the speed of the following vehicle.</p><p>After the vehicle collision experiment, the speed was estimated using the method proposed in this study using the captured black box video. As a result, it was confirmed that the accuracy was high when the collision speed was low. So The method proposed in this study is expected to be used to estimate collision speed in the cases of low impact speed in the rear end collisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000440/pdfft?md5=398a9e0da855dad7fee8c46a2a99dbeb&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000440-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual weapon of a murder case- A case of fatal penetrating chest trauma","authors":"U. Mayorathan ,&nbsp;M. Sriluxayini","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To solve complex forensic cases, medico-legal issues such as cause of death, manner of death, weapon used, postmortem interval, and volitional activity must be resolved. An otherwise healthy 43-year-old male was found dead in a pool of blood 500 m from his home. On inspection, six penetrating lacerations were found on the left side of the chest. Police began an inquiry because they suspected firearm injuries. A dual-pointed weapon inflicted these paired penetrating injuries. The same weapon stabbed the victim three times. The injuries resembled rifle entry wounds, yet there were no exit wounds or bullets inside the corpse. In the field of forensic pathology, there exist numerous cases when antemortem penetrating wounds and post-mortem defects exhibit similarities to firearm injuries, leading to potential confusion among the parties involved in the investigation. In order to effectively manage complex cases, a thorough comprehension of various injury types and the weapons responsible for causing them is essential. Therefore, appropriate training and close supervision are required to enhance the quality and credibility of these investigations as a whole.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000427/pdfft?md5=489ce8b9cbdeab684096b757307515ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historic child homicide burial search in rural woodland","authors":"Jamie K. Pringle ,&nbsp;Alastair Ruffell ,&nbsp;Kristopher D. Wisniewski ,&nbsp;Ben Davenward ,&nbsp;Vivienne Heaton ,&nbsp;Luke Hobson","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cold case search for clandestine graves can be challenging due to the length of time elapsed since the crime and the search environment changing itself. This paper reports on <del>a</del> cold case search for “Christine”, a young girl who was reported missing in the mid-1970s in the East Midlands, UK. Once a search sub-area was determined by case reports and new intelligence in rural woodland, a police ground search proved unsuccessful. A multi-phased geoforensic search investigation, using remote sensing and UAV drones, metal detector, EM and dGPS surveys, was subsequently undertaken, with collected data processed and analysed. Results showed 36 discrete dGPS-surveyed metal detector and 3 EM priority targets to be identified which were all intrusively investigated but nothing case-relevant was found. Study implications suggest careful multi-phase remote and geoforensic investigations can give confidence in cold case no-body searches, saving police operational time and costs in such cold case investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000191/pdfft?md5=8fba2a1c66b861c506f0a2f0de66c1ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000191-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48702050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying fake vs. real communication records: A case study","authors":"Graeme Horsman","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Records of communication often play an important role in many criminal inquiries giving insight into existing and alleged relationships. The forensic analysis of digital devices can provide such information, however in some cases, screen captured records may be all that is available. In these instances, it is necessary to evaluate the authenticity of this information given the availability of free to use communication record mockup services that can be used to create realistic looking, but fictitious communication records. This work seeks to ascertain whether freely available communication record mockup services pose a threat to law enforcement officers in terms of not being able to distinguish a communication record mockup from a genuine communication record screen capture. An evaluation of communication record mockup services for creating WhatsApp, iMessage and Twitter mockups are identified and their ability to create realistic communication record mockups is evaluated. The results of these tests are provided and discussed, and 41 communication record mockups are supplied forming one of the first datasets to support those conducting communication record authenticity checks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000415/pdfft?md5=3159ebad10fa19ad2051c7c5a12fd373&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000415-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138549471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-mortem CT and MRI diagnosis of acute cerebral hemorrhage in a putrefied corpse","authors":"Rebekka Ringger ,&nbsp;Nicole Schwendener ,&nbsp;Jeremias Klaus ,&nbsp;Christian Jackowski ,&nbsp;Wolf-Dieter Zech","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 61-year-old man was found dead on the terrace in front of his house. The body showed external signs of advanced (Grade 4) putrefaction. Routine post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) was conducted prior to the forensic autopsy showing a radiological alteration index (RAI) of 100. Due to a suspicious hyperdense brain lesion seen in PMCT, additional post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging (PMMR) of the head was performed for research purpose. Compared to PMCT, the lesion appeared considerably more detailed in PMMR with a slightly hyperintense and focal hypointense signal in T2w images and an isointense and focal hyperintense signal in T1w images. Autoptic assessment of the brain lesion was considerably complicated due to softening and partial liquefaction of the brain. Considering post-mortem imaging and autopsy results, the lesion was determined as an acute brain hemorrhage. Case findings indicate that PMMR may be superior to autopsy in terms of diagnosis and localization of cerebral hemorrhage in putrefied brains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000403/pdfft?md5=5b5b962d9caaf48af07b045b286804cb&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138413611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and age estimation utilizing the Mastoid, Bi-mastoid and Occipital triangles from three dimensional reconstructed models in subadults of a South African (KZN) Black population","authors":"Thalia Moodley,&nbsp;K. Hohls,&nbsp;C.O. Rennie","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2023.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mastoid, bi-mastoid and occipital triangles at the base of the skull are known to be good indicators of sexual dimorphism. However, few studies assess age and sex in the subadult group. Therefore, the aim was to determine the age and sex of the human crania from a South African (KZN) Black population utilizing the triangles of the base of the skull of individuals between 0 and 18 years. The sample consisted of 64 computed tomography (CT) scans (32 male and 32 female) between 0 and 18 years of age. Three-dimensional reconstructed images and CT images were analysed using SLICER 3D. The following linear parameters were measured: the mastoidale - porion; porion - asterion; mastoidale - asterion; left mastoidale - opisthion; right mastoidale - opisthion; right mastoidale - left mastoidale; left asterion - lambda; right asterion - lambda; left asterion - right asterion. The study found that the mastoid, bi-mastoid and occipital triangles are good indicators for sexual dimorphism between the ages of 0–18 years. However, the mean values of the total area were higher in males than females. When comparing laterality, the right side of the mastoid triangle was more significant than the left (p-value=0.016), with the length of the mastoidale-porion being the only significant linear measurement. Results show that the linear measurement mastoidale-porion is highly correlated to age, with mean values of r = 0.87 and 0.88 for the left and right sides, respectively. Age is a confounding factor in sexual dimorphism. Additionally, the mastoid triangle is more accurate in age estimation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665910723000397/pdfft?md5=34550652113e390fbe26b5af3640f9e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2665910723000397-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92026367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}