Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献

{"title":"The aggrandizement of scientific data in the media: The Shroud of Turin blood marks as a case example","authors":"Kelly P. Kearse","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shroud of Turin is a fourteen-foot-long cloth bearing the life size image of a man with blood marks and has been heralded as the most scientifically studied archaeological artifact in human history. The Shroud has been proclaimed to be either the actual burial cloth of the historical Jesus of Nazareth or a cunning medieval forgery. In several recent television programs that received widespread international media attention, a “Shroud expert” made the claims that the blood on the Shroud has been demonstrated to be human, male, and type AB, and was identified as Semitic. Additionally, it was reported that high levels of ferritin and creatine, indicative of polytrauma, had been found on the cloth and that premortem and postmortem blood had been identified. Discussed below is a scientific fact check about such characteristics of the blood on the Shroud of Turin and the capabilities and limitations of the techniques used in these investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal quality assessment and genotyping error investigation in SNP microarray testing: Lessons from the ESWG-ISFG forensic proficiency trial","authors":"Sasitaran Iyavoo ,&nbsp;Sharlize Pedroza Matute ,&nbsp;Kiera Turvey ,&nbsp;Stephen Cummings ,&nbsp;Thomas Haizel","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2024, the English Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ESWG-ISFG) introduced single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping into its annual proficiency trial, providing DNA testing laboratories with their first opportunity to evaluate performance in this area. Twelve laboratories participated using a range of sequencing and microarray platforms. AttoLife Limited, a UKAS-accredited laboratory, contributed results using the Infinium HTS iSelect custom ‘Rita’ microarray containing 4366 SNP markers. Blood samples from a child and alleged father were supplied on FTA cards, extracted with the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, quantified using the Quantifiler Trio kit, and genotyped following the Infinium HTS protocol with GenomeStudio analysis. SNP call rates exceeded 99 % (excluding Y-SNPs in the female child), confirming high-quality data. Three discrepancies were identified, rs10108270 in both samples and rs10513300 in the child, which subsequent Sanger sequencing attributed to probe-binding site variation and potential copy number imbalance. These findings illustrate the value of proficiency testing in detecting locus-specific challenges, reinforce the need for cautious interpretation of uncertain results, and highlight the importance of cross-platform comparison to strengthen confidence in forensic SNP genotyping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric analysis of facial dimensions using 3D imaging for forensic identification and ethnicity-specific reference models","authors":"Saurjya Ranjan Das ,&nbsp;Sreepreeti Champatyray ,&nbsp;Dhiren Kumar Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Facial morphology plays a crucial role in forensic identification, anthropological research, and reconstructive surgery. However, forensic reference databases often lack ethnicity-specific 3D anthropometric data, limiting the accuracy of forensic facial reconstruction and automated facial recognition systems. This study integrates 3D imaging technology and multivariate statistical analyses to enhance forensic facial identification models by providing ethnicity-specific facial measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 participants (250 males and 250 females) from seven Indian ethnic groups (Odia, Bengali, Tamil, Punjabi, Maratha, Telugu, and Gujarati). High-resolution 3D facial scans were obtained using the Artec Eva 3D scanner and analyzed using landmark-based anthropometry. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) assessed sex and ethnic differences in upper facial height (UFH), lower facial height (LFH), intercanthal distance (ICD), and face width (FW). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to evaluate the interdependencies among facial dimensions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Males exhibited significantly larger UFH and ICD, while females had greater LFH (p &lt; 0.001). Significant ethnic differences were observed (p &lt; 0.01), with the Odia group having the widest face and the Bengali group showing the smallest ICD. PCA revealed two major components that explained 81.4 % of the total variance, with UFH and FW being the primary contributors. SEM demonstrated a strong correlation between UFH and FW (β = 0.72, p &lt; 0.001) and an inverse relationship between LFH and ICD (β = −0.48, p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides forensically relevant, ethnicity-specific 3D anthropometric data for facial reconstruction and forensic identification. These findings support the integration of 3D morphometric databases into forensic facial analysis software, enhancing population-specific identification accuracy. Future research should consider including Body Mass Index (BMI) as a variable to account for the potential impact of soft tissue distribution on facial morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Medical veterinary expertise on a case of cockfighting in Brazil","authors":"Marina Doll Sousa ,&nbsp;Djiane Nicolas Steidler ,&nbsp;Julia Nunes Machado ,&nbsp;Paulo Maiorka ,&nbsp;Tália Missen Tremori","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combat between animals to serve as a form of human entertainment is an old practice. In Brazil, it is considered a crime due to animal mistreatment. In the present case, a forensic medical veterinary expertise was required to evaluate 50 roosters apprehended on a cockfighting practice located in Itapetininga, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A forensic live animal examination was performed on 49 of the alive roosters analyzing ID, body condition score (on a scale of 1–5), lesions and observations, together with photo-documentation. A rooster died after the capture, in which an animal forensic necropsy was conducted. The most common findings during forensic examination was emaciation due to starvation present in 100 % (49/49) of alive animals, followed by characteristic grooming displayed in 87 % (43/49) and lesions located in face, neck, wings and chest found in 63 % (31/49). Wounds such as face edema and corneal ulcer were analyzed in 26 % (13/49) of the animals with edema and inflammation on limbs which were present in 10 % (4/49). Regarding the obit, it revealed severe emaciation, intense pododermatitis on the left limb, ingluvies full of non-digested dietary content with a foreign body, thickened ventricle muscle wall, evident opacity on left air sac and presence of frothy liquid in left pulmonary lobe. These results were used as evidence to prove animal mistreatment and abuse occurring in cockfighting practice. The goal of this case report is to collaborate on the production of material and protocols regarding this type of crime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol and drug detection rates in road traffic: An international comparison","authors":"Hallvard Gjerde,&nbsp;Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is a significant contributing factor to road traffic crashes. Detection rates for alcohol and drugs among drivers in random road traffic have been studied in several countries; this article presents a comprehensive overview of findings in studies conducted from 2010 to 2024. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Search, and the International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety Conference Papers database. We also examined reference lists and citation records. We identified 53 studies, of which 25 studies focused exclusively on alcohol. The studies were conducted across 24 countries. Alcohol was the most frequently detected substance, followed by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Detection rates exhibited variability across jurisdictions; alcohol was most commonly observed in studies conducted in North America and in some low- and middle-income countries, whereas THC and cocaine were most frequently detected in studies from North America, Italy, and Spain. Several countries have implemented effective measures that have led to a significant reduction in the incidence of drink-driving. However, despite the introduction of legal thresholds or zero-tolerance policies for drug-impaired driving, the detection of drugs among drivers has increased in certain regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicides in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: Are they related to family income?","authors":"Devair Monteiro ,&nbsp;Laryssa Suemy Oumoriz ,&nbsp;Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego Miziara ,&nbsp;Ivan Dieb Miziara","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between the incidence of willful homicides committed with firearms and economic factors in the subprefectures of São Paulo (Brazil) in the year 2023. The analysis involved comparing records of willful homicides with the average family income in the locations where the crimes occurred. The results indicate a lack of significant statistical correlation between the incidence of such crimes and the economic conditions of the analyzed regions. Therefore, one possible conclusion is that family income alone is not a determinant factor in the observed crime patterns. In summary, although the average family income provides valuable insights into the socioeconomic scenario of the subprefectures, it is insufficient to elucidate the complexity of urban crime in São Paulo. So, this study suggests that other factors, possibly related to social, cultural, or public policy dynamics, should be considered for a more comprehensive understanding of the homicide patterns in the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodizonate, histological analysis of gunshot wounds in autopsy cases","authors":"Emelie Bäckström Kalb ,&nbsp;Fredrik Tamsen ,&nbsp;Ingemar Thiblin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the use of sodium rhodizonate (NaRh) as a histological staining for lead and barium containing gunshot residues in autopsy material and to provide guidance on the interpretation of these. Samples from gunshot wounds were stained with NaRh and graded according to a four-point rating scale. Higher grades were somewhat associated with entrance wounds and shorter shooting distance. In some gunshot injuries, though, the exit wounds stained more positive than the entrance wounds Thus, in this study, we conclude that NaRh cannot be used as a sole discriminator between gunshot entrance and exit wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal methamphetamine-induced ischemic enterocolitis: A case report","authors":"Abdullah Al-Shammari ,&nbsp;Ahmed Yasser ,&nbsp;Reem Al-Thubaiti ,&nbsp;Ahmed Refaat","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 31-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department of a regional hospital following a high-speed police pursuit and subsequent arrest. On arrival, he presented in profound hypovolemic shock. Despite intensive resuscitation efforts, he succumbed to his injuries 48 h later. His medical history included chronic substance abuse and multiple gastrointestinal complications. Postmortem examination revealed extensive traumatic injuries, with scattered abrasions and contusions predominantly located in the right inguinal region. Notably, gastrointestinal findings included a near-perforated, balloon-like intestinal ulcer and multiple small, rounded, smooth-edged ulcers, accompanied by significant intestinal hemorrhage extending to the anal orifice. Toxicological analysis identified toxic levels of methamphetamine in both blood and urine. The cause of death was attributed to severe intestinal hemorrhage resulting from the traumatic rupture of methamphetamine-induced ischemic enterocolitis lesions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing sex determination in forensic anthropology: A comparative analysis of cranial measurements using artificial neural network","authors":"Matheus Jhonnata Santos Mota ,&nbsp;Alberto Calson Alves Vieira ,&nbsp;Lucas Silva Lima ,&nbsp;João Victor Melquiades Sátiro ,&nbsp;Carlos Mathias de Menezes Neto ,&nbsp;Patrízia Lisieux Prado Paixão ,&nbsp;Gabriel Pedro Gonçalves Lopes ,&nbsp;Lauro Roberto de Azevedo Setton ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo de Andrade ,&nbsp;Richard Halti Cabral","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing reliance on machine learning (ML) techniques in forensic anthropology underscores the imperative to enhance the accuracy and objectivity of sex estimation from skeletal remains. Traditional methods often suffer from subjectivity and variability, prompting a shift towards morphometric approaches for improved precision. In this context, this study aims to identify the most accurate cranial measurements for sex estimation and ascertain the minimum number of variables needed to match the performance of a 12-measure model using a neural network. The objective of this study was to determine the most accurate individual cranial measurements for sex estimation and to identify the minimum number of variables required to achieve comparable accuracy to the 12-measure model using a neural network. Data from 241 skulls from the collection of the Center for Studies in Anatomy and Forensic Anthropology at the University of Tiradentes were used in this study. Twelve measurements were performed. The data were divided into a test group (20 %) and a training group (80 %). Machine learning algorithms were developed using the Python language in the Google Colaboratory environment. The combination of three measurements (biporion, head circumference and opisthocranion-glabella) outperformed the reference linear models and the 12-measure model in the neural network. Biporion isolated in a neural network outperformed 12 measures in logistic regression. Our study adds to the literature a high accuracy with only three measures, reducing the workload for the examiner, in a reproducible and reliable way, using neural networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of practical approach in suspected infanticide deaths","authors":"Lii Jye Tan ,&nbsp;Beng Beng Ong ,&nbsp;Nur Syahrina Rahim ,&nbsp;Cai Ping Koh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shafie Othman ,&nbsp;Zhao Peng Koo ,&nbsp;Shau-Kong Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining stillbirth or livebirth in cases of infant abandonment is a complex and challenging task in autopsy practice. This distinction is crucial in determining whether the death is link to natural causes or potentially involves criminal implications. This review critically examines current methodologies in postmortem investigations of newborn deaths, emphasizing the importance of accurately distinguishing between stillbirth and livebirth. Our goal is to provide a thorough checklist for forensic practitioners by analyzing pathological, radiological, and biochemical parameters in suspected infanticide investigations. Enhancing the accuracy of these investigations not only aids the judicial process but also serves as a deterrent against newborn abandonment or infanticide. Ultimately, the implementation of stringent legal measures against newborn abandonment is expected to reduce the incidence of infanticide and improve neonatal survival rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}