Forensic Science International: Reports最新文献

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Physical violence against pregnant women: Epidemiological and medico-legal aspects at the Regional Hospital of Conakry” [Forensic Sci. Int.: Rep. 13 (2026) 100459]","authors":"N. Traore, T.M.C. Diallo, S.M. Ouendeno, O. Soumah, A.B. Camara, S. Oulare, O. Camara, D. Bah","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2026.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2026.100487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aortic dissection and opioid use: Two autopsy cases and potential pathological implications","authors":"Luca Tomassini ,&nbsp;Erika Buratti ,&nbsp;Rino Froldi ,&nbsp;Roberto Scendoni","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2026.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2026.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening condition that includes acute aortic dissection (AAD), intramural hematoma (IMH), and symptomatic penetrating aortic ulcer. While hypertension is the primary risk factor, substance abuse—especially cocaine—has been linked to AAS. However, the role of opioids remains unclear.</div><div>This study presents two autopsy cases of opioid users who died from cardiac tamponade due to aortic dissection. The first case involved a 55-year-old male undergoing methadone treatment, with biologically active methadone detected at death. The second case was a 58-year-old male with no known substance abuse history but with postmortem findings of morphine and methadone, indicating recent opioid use. Histological examination in both cases revealed vascular damage consistent with aortic dissection.</div><div>While no direct causal link has been established, chronic opioid exposure may contribute to vascular degradation through hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α)-mediated inflammation. The overlap between opioid use and AAS in these cases suggests a potential association, warranting further investigation into the vascular effects of opioids and their clinical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodizonate, histological analysis of gunshot wounds in autopsy cases","authors":"Emelie Bäckström Kalb ,&nbsp;Fredrik Tamsen ,&nbsp;Ingemar Thiblin","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the use of sodium rhodizonate (NaRh) as a histological staining for lead and barium containing gunshot residues in autopsy material and to provide guidance on the interpretation of these. Samples from gunshot wounds were stained with NaRh and graded according to a four-point rating scale. Higher grades were somewhat associated with entrance wounds and shorter shooting distance. In some gunshot injuries, though, the exit wounds stained more positive than the entrance wounds Thus, in this study, we conclude that NaRh cannot be used as a sole discriminator between gunshot entrance and exit wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal validation of probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™ V2.8 for GlobalFiler™ profiles generated from Japanese individuals","authors":"Takashi Fukagawa,&nbsp;Haruhiko Watahiki,&nbsp;Yusuke Mita,&nbsp;Tetsushi Kitayama,&nbsp;Koji Fujii,&nbsp;Natsuko Mizuno","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interpretation of mixed DNA profiles originating from multiple individuals can be very challenging. Probabilistic genotyping software is used to interpret such mixed DNA profiles, and it assigns a likelihood ratio based on the evidence given two hypotheses: a prosecution hypothesis and a defense hypothesis. For proper utilization of probabilistic genotyping software, internal validation is required. In this study, we performed internal validation of the probabilistic genotyping software STRmix™. Our internal validation studies complied with the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods guidelines for the validation of probabilistic genotyping systems, and was performed using GlobalFiler™ profiles generated from Japanese individuals to study the sensitivity, specificity, and precision of STRmix™, and the effects of the addition of a known contributor and incorrect assumption of the number of contributors were also assessed. The results of our internal validation studies suggest that STRmix™ using our laboratory-specific parameters is suitable for the purpose of interpreting mixed DNA profiles and statistical evaluation in our experimental and analytical environment. In addition, there were a few rare cases in which STRmix™ interpreted the results as exclusion (likelihood ratio = 0), despite the person of interest being a true contributor, due to extreme heterozygote imbalance and/or significant differences in the mixture ratio between loci due to the stochastic effects of PCR amplification. Therefore, we report these rare cases along with the results of our internal validation studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homicides in the city of São Paulo, Brazil: Are they related to family income?","authors":"Devair Monteiro ,&nbsp;Laryssa Suemy Oumoriz ,&nbsp;Carmen Silvia Molleis Galego Miziara ,&nbsp;Ivan Dieb Miziara","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the relationship between the incidence of willful homicides committed with firearms and economic factors in the subprefectures of São Paulo (Brazil) in the year 2023. The analysis involved comparing records of willful homicides with the average family income in the locations where the crimes occurred. The results indicate a lack of significant statistical correlation between the incidence of such crimes and the economic conditions of the analyzed regions. Therefore, one possible conclusion is that family income alone is not a determinant factor in the observed crime patterns. In summary, although the average family income provides valuable insights into the socioeconomic scenario of the subprefectures, it is insufficient to elucidate the complexity of urban crime in São Paulo. So, this study suggests that other factors, possibly related to social, cultural, or public policy dynamics, should be considered for a more comprehensive understanding of the homicide patterns in the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delta-8-THC acetate-a prodrug of delta-8-THC?: A case report","authors":"Jonathan Wong ,&nbsp;Evelyn Mei Ling Goh ,&nbsp;Jia Ying Goh ,&nbsp;Mei Ching Ong ,&nbsp;Hooi Yan Moy ,&nbsp;Angeline Tiong Whei Yap","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report describes the concurrent analysis of a seized plant material and a urine sample. The seized plant material was found to contain delta-8-THC acetate, a prodrug of delta-8-THC, as a major component. While the urine sample was found to contain metabolites of delta-8-THC, this was disparate with the relative abundance of delta-8-THC detected in the plant material recovered from the suspect. Delta-8-THC acetate in the plant material was fully characterised by GC-MS, LC-Orbitrap-MS and NMR. Metabolism studies using human liver microsomes demonstrated metabolism of delta-8-THC acetate with the concurrent formation of delta-8-THC-COOH as the primary metabolite. The <em>in-vitro</em> findings were consistent with the authentic urine sample, suggesting that detection of delta-8-THC-COOH likely resulted from delta-8-THC-acetate consumption. This work demonstrates the critical role of orthogonal analytical techniques in the analysis of controlled substances and emphasises the necessity of accounting for prodrug metabolism when interpreting results from the analysis of urine samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation between bullet types by means of a 3D analysis of gunshot cavitation and bullet fragmentation - A computed tomography study in ballistic gelatine","authors":"Juho-Antti Junno ,&nbsp;Mikael Brix ,&nbsp;Eveliina Lammentausta ,&nbsp;Alina Junno ,&nbsp;Timo Liimatainen ,&nbsp;Jaakko Niinimäki ,&nbsp;Juha Kiljunen ,&nbsp;Petteri Oura","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identification of the projectile type is among the main objectives in the forensic investigation of a gunshot incident, even if the projectile itself cannot be recovered. Medical imaging, primarily computed tomography (CT), has become a valuable tool in the examination and documentation of gunshot injuries. Bullet types often exhibit distinct patterns of fragment deposition and wound cavitation. In this study, we examined the potential of a CT-based digital three-dimensional (3D) analysis of cavitation and fragmentation patterns to distinguish between four bullets of.223 Remington ammunition (one soft point, one full metal jacket, and two expanding monolithic bullets). We utilized 20 x 20 x 25 cm blocks of ballistic gelatine as tissue simulant, with artificial skin on entry and exit walls of the blocks. Test firing was performed from a distance of 50 m. The gelatine blocks were CT-scanned and 3D reconstructions of the blocks, demonstrating both air cavitation and metal fragments, were generated. In addition, other parameters of cavitation and fragmentation were obtained from the CT scans, including the volume and internal surface area of the air cavity within the gelatine block. Entry and exit defects of the skin simulant were also documented. Our results indicated that different bullet types exhibited different cavitation and fragmentation patterns. We also detected differences in exit wounds in the skin simulant. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings that a digital 3D analysis may aid to distinguish the bullet type in certain forensic scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric analysis of facial dimensions using 3D imaging for forensic identification and ethnicity-specific reference models","authors":"Saurjya Ranjan Das ,&nbsp;Sreepreeti Champatyray ,&nbsp;Dhiren Kumar Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Facial morphology plays a crucial role in forensic identification, anthropological research, and reconstructive surgery. However, forensic reference databases often lack ethnicity-specific 3D anthropometric data, limiting the accuracy of forensic facial reconstruction and automated facial recognition systems. This study integrates 3D imaging technology and multivariate statistical analyses to enhance forensic facial identification models by providing ethnicity-specific facial measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 500 participants (250 males and 250 females) from seven Indian ethnic groups (Odia, Bengali, Tamil, Punjabi, Maratha, Telugu, and Gujarati). High-resolution 3D facial scans were obtained using the Artec Eva 3D scanner and analyzed using landmark-based anthropometry. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) assessed sex and ethnic differences in upper facial height (UFH), lower facial height (LFH), intercanthal distance (ICD), and face width (FW). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to evaluate the interdependencies among facial dimensions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Males exhibited significantly larger UFH and ICD, while females had greater LFH (p &lt; 0.001). Significant ethnic differences were observed (p &lt; 0.01), with the Odia group having the widest face and the Bengali group showing the smallest ICD. PCA revealed two major components that explained 81.4 % of the total variance, with UFH and FW being the primary contributors. SEM demonstrated a strong correlation between UFH and FW (β = 0.72, p &lt; 0.001) and an inverse relationship between LFH and ICD (β = −0.48, p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides forensically relevant, ethnicity-specific 3D anthropometric data for facial reconstruction and forensic identification. These findings support the integration of 3D morphometric databases into forensic facial analysis software, enhancing population-specific identification accuracy. Future research should consider including Body Mass Index (BMI) as a variable to account for the potential impact of soft tissue distribution on facial morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 3-year retrospective review of fatal carbon monoxide toxicity in the Western Cape, South Africa (2022–2024)","authors":"Carl Grevel ,&nbsp;Marie Belle Kathrina Mendoza Hlela ,&nbsp;Domonica Dos Reis ,&nbsp;Chanté du Toit ,&nbsp;Bronwen Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Charcoal burning (CB) in enclosed spaces has emerged as a recognised method of suicide due to the inhalation of lethal levels of carbon monoxide (CO). While this has been widely documented globally, CB is also implicated in accidental CO poisoning deaths, particularly in densely populated, low-income communities where limited access to safer heating, cooking, and lighting alternatives increases vulnerability and contributes to preventable fatalities. This retrospective study examined CO toxicity deaths unrelated to fire-burns in the Western Cape province of South Africa over a three-year period, from 2022 to 2024, focusing on prevalence, characteristics, and circumstantial patterns. A total of 68 postmortem cases were included from routine submissions to the Forensic Toxicology Unit in Cape Town. Of these, 50 % were suspected accidents, 30.9 % alleged suicides, and 19.1 % remained under investigation. Most victims were male (69.1 %), middle-aged (44.1 %), and deaths peaked in winter (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), primarily driven by accidental exposures. CB was the most frequently identified source of CO, followed by vehicle exhaust and gullies/imbawulas (makeshift metal drums of combustible wood, coals, or refuse). The source of CO exposure was significantly associated with the suspected manner of death (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The mean carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) level was 60.7 % (range: 31.4–78.4 %) with significantly higher levels in suicides (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), while the mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 0.07 g/100 mL (range: 0.01–0.26 g/100 mL). Most fatalities occurred in congested domestic settings within socio-economically disadvantaged areas, highlighting non-fire CO poisoning as an underrecognised public health concern. Prevention should include public education, housing safety improvements, warning labels, and greater access to safer energy sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aggrandizement of scientific data in the media: The Shroud of Turin blood marks as a case example","authors":"Kelly P. Kearse","doi":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsir.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shroud of Turin is a fourteen-foot-long cloth bearing the life size image of a man with blood marks and has been heralded as the most scientifically studied archaeological artifact in human history. The Shroud has been proclaimed to be either the actual burial cloth of the historical Jesus of Nazareth or a cunning medieval forgery. In several recent television programs that received widespread international media attention, a “Shroud expert” made the claims that the blood on the Shroud has been demonstrated to be human, male, and type AB, and was identified as Semitic. Additionally, it was reported that high levels of ferritin and creatine, indicative of polytrauma, had been found on the cloth and that premortem and postmortem blood had been identified. Discussed below is a scientific fact check about such characteristics of the blood on the Shroud of Turin and the capabilities and limitations of the techniques used in these investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36331,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International: Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}