Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical validation of using a commercial synthetic-computed tomography solution for brain MRI-only radiotherapy treatment planning","authors":"Lamyaa Aljaafari ,&nbsp;Richard Speight ,&nbsp;David L. Buckley ,&nbsp;David Bird ,&nbsp;Bashar Al-Qaisieh","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>MRI-only radiotherapy treatment planning (RTP) relies on synthetic-CT (sCT) images for dose calculation. This study evaluates the clinical feasibility of using a commercial sCT solution in brain RTP, MRCAT Brain, focusing on dosimetric accuracy and patient setup verification.</div></div><div><h3>Method and materials</h3><div>For dosimetric evaluation, 93 patients with brain cancer who were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using a CT/MRI fusion workflow were included. sCT images were generated using MRCAT Brain. The sCT images were rigidly co-registered to the CT images. The clinical plan produced on the CT was recalculated on the sCT. Dosimetric accuracy was assessed by comparing dose differences in dose volume histogram (DVH) statistics for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs).</div><div>For patient setup verification, 70 patients were included, and total of 572 cone beam CT (CBCT) registrations were performed with sCT and CT as reference images. The sCT matching accuracy was validated by comparing the translational and rotational differences between sCT-CBCT and CT-CBCT registrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The PTV mean dose difference between CT and sCT were 0.3 %, 0.4 %, and 0.2 % for D50%, D2%, and D98%, respectively. The OAR mean dose differences were less than 0.3 % for all OARs. 4 of 93 patients (4.3 %) showed gross dosimetric errors of greater than ± 2 %. 3/4 were caused by sCT error. For positioning verification, all results were between ± 1 mm and ± 1°.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates the clinical feasibility of the MRCAT solution for brain MRI-only RTP, with dosimetric differences being clinically acceptable, along with submillimetre and sub-degree accuracy in patient setup verification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reirradiation: Evaluation of the occurrence and type in cancer treatment for lung – 2024","authors":"Catherine Laferlita ,&nbsp;Yiota Nicolaou ,&nbsp;Katrina Woodford ,&nbsp;Nicholas Hardcastle ,&nbsp;Susan Harden ,&nbsp;Kenton Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With advancements in oncology practice, patients are living longer and returning for repeat courses of radiotherapy. Reirradiation (ReRT) is becoming a viable treatment option for patients. This single-institution, retrospective audit evaluates the number of patients with primary lung cancers who underwent radical retreatment to the thorax in 2024 and categorises them according to the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) consensus definition. Of the 511 patients with primary lung cancer in our institution who returned for further radiotherapy in 2024, 42 received radical retreatment to the thorax. Inconsistencies were seen in documentation across patient information platforms in relation to cumulative dose assessment and minimal documentation of radiobiological considerations such as equivalent dose in 2 Gy fraction (EQD2) were discovered. As a result of this study, recommendations were made to improve current practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation therapist (RTT) perspectives on developing image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) protocols for reirradiation","authors":"Aileen Duffton ,&nbsp;Lynsey Devlin ,&nbsp;Aoife Williamson ,&nbsp;Derek Grose ,&nbsp;Eilidh Tolmie ,&nbsp;Linda MacLaren ,&nbsp;Sharon McFadden ,&nbsp;Rebecca Muirhead","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Prospective studies on reirradiation are limited, with most available data being retrospective, resulting in challenges in standardising protocols, interpreting outcomes, and facilitating informed patient decisions. Advanced radiotherapy planning and delivery have increased treatment possibilities for complex cases, including reirradiation. However, considerable gaps and variability in reirradiation image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and treatment delivery exist. The aim of this work was to identify ways to optimise reirradiation IGRT protocols based on RTT feedback.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quantitative and qualitative service improvement approach was selected, using a plan, do, check approach. RTT participants working in a single RT centre participated in focus group/nominal group technique sessions. Sessions were used to generate themes, challenges and solutions, which were then scored using Likert scale scoring criteria by all participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eleven IGRT team members each with &gt; 6 years experience participated in the sessions, (4 senior specialist clinical RTT, 2 team leader specialist RTT, 2 IGRT specialist RTT, 1 consultant RTT and 2 research RTT). Eight themes, 19 challenges and 35 solutions were identified. These included communication challenges and multi-professional team (MPT) involvement, RTT role and development, clinical information and treatment intent, standards and guidelines, individualised approach, technical planning considerations, imaging and verification techniques, and anatomical site-specific considerations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The themes identified provide valuable insights that will inform future IGRT processes and inform future research collaborations on an international level, working towards improving reirradiation treatment for patients who would benefit. There are many opportunities for the RTT within the MPT, and advanced practice (AP) can provide the framework required to develop this for the benefit of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and sustaining a secure application for transfer of previous radiation therapy treatment details","authors":"Kenton Thompson ,&nbsp;Phillip Moloney ,&nbsp;Nigel Cristofaro ,&nbsp;Drew Smith ,&nbsp;Dominic Davis ,&nbsp;Chris James ,&nbsp;Vaughan Geddes ,&nbsp;Vanessa Panettieri","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data availability remains a major challenge for radiation therapy dose accumulation for patients’ re-treatment and re-irradiation. When a patient moves between radiation therapy providers it is particularly challenging. To address this challenge, a solution was developed for departments in Victoria, Australia, with the ability to request and receive files of any size and type from other providers, supported by a workflow system, an independent security model and a highly secure platform. In the first 5 years there have been 3911 requests for previous treatment details. Of these 2937 (75 %) involved transfer of DICOM data to enable higher quality dose accumulation assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (ePROMs) into Personalised Follow-up for Patients after Radiotherapy. A Feasibility Study","authors":"Thitikorn Nuamek ,&nbsp;Peggy Adwoa Nuamah Kwateng ,&nbsp;Amelia Payne ,&nbsp;Danya Abdulwahid ,&nbsp;Claire Barker ,&nbsp;Kathryn Banfill ,&nbsp;Neil Bayman ,&nbsp;Sarah Bowen Jones ,&nbsp;Clara Chan ,&nbsp;Gerard Gurumurthy ,&nbsp;Margaret Harris ,&nbsp;Ashley Horne ,&nbsp;Jennifer King ,&nbsp;Laura Pemberton ,&nbsp;Hamid Younus Sheikh ,&nbsp;David Thomson ,&nbsp;David Woolf ,&nbsp;Janelle Yorke ,&nbsp;James Price ,&nbsp;Corinne Faivre-Finn","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is an unmet need in patient monitoring between the end of radiotherapy and the first follow-up appointment during which patients may experience severe side effects. Personalised follow-up has the potential to tailor healthcare to individual needs. ePROMs enable remote monitoring and identification of those needing earlier intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the feasibility of integrating ePROMs into personalised follow-up of patients after radiotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Patients with lung or head and neck (HN) cancer were enrolled. ePROMs questionnaires, comprising EQ-5D-5L and 14 lung or 19 HN cancer-specific questions adapted from CTCAE v5.0, were sent to patients at eight timepoints: pre-radiotherapy, mid-radiotherapy, end of radiotherapy, weekly for four weeks post-treatment, and first face-to-face follow-up appointment. Upon completion, automated advice was provided based on responses. Grade 2 or above symptoms were escalated to clinicians. Patient feedback was obtained through structured interviews.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over two months, 19 eligible patients (10 lung, 9 HN) were recruited: 13 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and six received radiotherapy alone. ePROMs completion rate was 69.1%, ranging from 47.4% to 89.5% at each timepoint. Three patients reported grade 3 or above symptoms on 5 instances during and after radiotherapy. Fourteen patients participated in the interviews: all 14 reported ePROMs were easy to complete, took an acceptable amount of time, and made them feel better supported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Integrating ePROMs into personalised follow-up is feasible and acceptable to patients. ePROMs provide insights into patients’ symptoms during and after radiotherapy, highlighting the need for a tailored approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reirradiation practices of Radiation Therapists (RePoRT) study.","authors":"Neva Pang, Alvin Cuni, Amanda Caissie, Leigh Conroy, Aileen Duffton, Winnie Li, Brian Liszewski, Donna H Murrell, Andrea Shessel, Fátima Silva, Yat Tsang, Michael Velec","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Reirradiation for patients with new, recurrent or metastatic tumors is complex and requires intensive collaboration between Radiation Oncologists, Medical Physicists, and Radiation Therapists (RTT). Aside from dosimetry, little has been reported on the role of the RTT in reirradiation. The study characterized the reirradiation patterns-of-practice of RTTs to understand the knowledge and skills being applied in this increasingly important area of cancer care.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, survey was conducted of all RTTs practicing in Canada over a 3-month period. The 48-item questionnaire asked RTTs the frequency of performing a range of reirradiation activities, to self-rate their competency levels, and to identify enablers and barriers to reirradiation practice. The survey was distributed by email and data were analyzed with descriptive statistics or thematic analysis for free-text responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses from 214 RTTs revealed frequent and significant involvement in all steps of reirradiation pathway, ranging from pre-treatment imaging and positioning to patient supportive care. There was lower involvement in advanced reirradiation dosimetry techniques, which coincided lower competency self-ratings and knowledge gaps in this area. Access to prior patient records, standardized reirradiation workflows and multi-disciplinary communication were the most common elements reported as important for reirradiation practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RTT reported frequent and significant involvement in all steps of the reirradiation care pathway. Providing focused education and training for RTTs on reirradiation, coupled with team workflow optimization may enable more effective, safe and streamlined reirradiation care for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"100329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of two glioblastoma delineation methods based on neural networks.","authors":"Anders Traberg Hansen, Johannes Thestrup Askglæde, Jesper Folsted Kallehauge, Anders Schwartz Vittrup, Kim Hochreuter, Slavka Lukacova","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Precise gross tumour volume definition is essential for radiotherapy. Neural networks may improve tumour delineation and reduce manual workload. However, clinical evaluation is crucial for understanding their precision and limitations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two neural network-based models were evaluated for glioblastoma delineation in 70 clinical cases: one developed by Cercare Medical Inc (CMN) and the publicly available Raidionics model. Delineations were compared using Hausdorff 95% (HD95) distance, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the prevalence of false-positive and false-negative volumes. Additionally, interobserver variability between clinicians and the dosimetric consequences of differences in delineation were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Raidionics model achieved a mean HD95 of 5.61 mm, with a 5th and 95th percentile range of 2.13-14.8 mm, and a mean DSC of 0.80 [0.62, 0.92]. The CMN model achieved a mean HD95 of 4.24 mm [2.05, 10.2] and mean DSC of 0.83 [0.65, 0.93]. For both metrics the Wilcoxon rank test showed a significant difference (p < 0.002). Both models produced small false-positive volumes, averaging less than 10 % of the true volume. The false-negative volumes averaged around 20 % of the true tumour volume for both models. The HD95 and DSC of interobserver variability were found to be 2.91 mm and 0.89 respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CMN performed significantly better than the Raidionics model. Both models demonstrated a low occurrence of false-positive delineations and acceptable robustness in preserving dose coverage. However, their performance remained inferior to clinical experts. Further model development is recommended before potential clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"100330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) reirradiation: UK SABR consortium guidance for use in routine clinical care.","authors":"Elena Moreno-Olmedo, Kasia Owczarczyk, Eliot Chadwick, Peter Dickinson, Aileen Duffton, Bleddyn Jones, James S Good, Fiona McDonald, Louise J Murray, Thomas Rackley, Maxwell Robinson, Judith Sinclair, Thomas Strawson-Smith, Alison Tree, Yat Man Tsang, Anjali Zarkar, Christopher Dean, Patricia Díez, Matt Williams, Nicholas Andratschke, Rebecca Muirhead","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is routinely used for the management of oligometastatic disease. Increasingly, there is overlap of targets or organs at risk with previous radiotherapy fields. As substantial variation in delivery of clinical practice exists, the UK SABR Consortium worked with a collaborative national group to develop pelvic SABR re-irradiation consensus guidelines. The scope of the guidance includes patient selection criteria, pre-treatment considerations, delineation guidelines, dose prescription, calculations of cumulative dose constraints, and optimal planning technique. This guidance is part of an ongoing national prospective audit in collaboration with the Royal College of Radiologists and EORTC ReCare.</p>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"100326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from initial experience for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with proton therapy","authors":"S.Y. Sin ,&nbsp;S.N. Chen ,&nbsp;Y.L. Soong ,&nbsp;H.Q. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiotherapy is the cornerstone for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Due to its unique epidemiology and the location of the disease with neighbouring critical structures, conventional photon irradiation may result in significant long-term morbidities in patients. With increasing numbers of proton beam therapy (PBT) centres worldwide, patients with NPC now have an alternative option of irradiation that potentially gives equivalent disease control, yet significantly reduces the acute and long-term toxicities.</div><div>The proper adoption of PBT in NPC requires a series of intricate procedures: pre-treatment preparation, treatment planning, advanced image verification and adaptive PBT. Each process is crucial to allow the proton beam deposit precise dose in Bragg peak’s region, resulting in optimal planned target volume coverage while allowing maximum sparing of adjacent dose-limiting organs. Therefore, comprehensive protocols for these coordinated procedures have been developed at our centre to achieve optimal outcomes for patients with NPC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Custom-made, 3D-printed bolus cap for a case of scalp metastasis: A single-institution study.","authors":"Andreea C Ciobanu, Virgil Sivoglo, Diana Maican, Ferenc Járai-Szabó, Zoltán Bálint","doi":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tipsro.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treating multiple scalp metastasis in patients is challenging due to the large area that needs to be treated and the complex structure of the scalp. Dose coverage with coplanar fields is hard to optimize with the Halcyon machine's three degrees of freedom (3DoF) couch movement. A potential solution is to use a 3D-printed bolus, which can be designed to fit the scalp contour. This covers more area to improve dose delivery, ensuring that the skin receives the necessary radiation dose while protecting organs at risk (OaR's). A total dose of 39 Gy was delivered to a 71-year-old patient in 13 fractions as a total scalp irradiation (TSI) treatment. The Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) technique employed four full arcs, which covered the planning target volume (PTV) and ensured optimal dose distribution across the treatment area. A 3D-printed bolus was created using a flexible resin for patient comfort and improved positioning as well as dose delivery. 95% of the PTV received 98.85% of the prescribed dose, with a maximum dose of 107.1% and a conformity index (CI) of 0.95. At the six-month follow-up, the patient showed no signs of scalp metastases, confirming the success of the treatment across the entire scalp. The use of the custom-made, 3D-printed bolus contributed significantly to the treatment success. This study marks the first clinical experience with 3D-printed boluses in our country. Our previous validation study demonstrates that a designed 3D-printed bolus, when integrated into the clinical setup, can provide solution for customizing treatment in cases involving superficial tumors that require good dose distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":36328,"journal":{"name":"Technical Innovations and Patient Support in Radiation Oncology","volume":"35 ","pages":"100332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}