Global Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Interaction between opium use and cigarette smoking on bladder cancer: An inverse probability weighting approach based on a multicenter case-control study in Iran","authors":"Rahim Akrami ,&nbsp;Maryam Hadji ,&nbsp;Hamideh Rashidian ,&nbsp;Maryam Nazemipour ,&nbsp;Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami ,&nbsp;Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Kazem Zendehdel ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Mansournia","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Opium and cigarette smoking have been identified as significant cancer risk factors. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified opium as a Group 1 carcinogen in 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using data from a multicenter case-control study in Iran called IROPICAN, involving 717 cases of bladder cancer and 3477 controls, we assessed the interactions on the causal additive scale between opium use and cigarette smoking and their attributing effects to evaluate public health relevance and test for different mechanistic interaction forms to provide new insights for developing of bladder cancer. A minimally sufficient set of confounders was identified using a causal directed acyclic graph, and the data were analysed employing multiple logistic regression and the inverse probability-of-treatment weighting estimator of the marginal structural linear odds model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicated a significant increase in the risk of bladder cancer associated with concurrent opium use and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 6.34, 95 % CI 5.02–7.99; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), demonstrating a super-additive interaction between these exposures (Weighted RERI_OR = 2.02, 95 % CI 0.47–3.58; <em>p</em> = 0.005). The presence of a super-additive interaction suggests that interventions targeting opium users who smoke cigarettes would yield greater benefits compared to non-opium users. Furthermore, there was a mechanistic interaction between two exposures (<em>P</em>-value = 0.005) if we assumed two of the exposures have positive monotonic effects, i.e., there must be a sufficient-component cause for developing bladder cancer, which has both opium use and cigarette smoking as components.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There is a causal additive interaction between opium use and cigarette smoking. We observed a super-additive interaction, suggesting the need to focus interventions on specific subgroups. Furthermore, the presence of mechanistic interactions offers profound insights into the mechanisms of cancer induction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACCREDIT: Validation of clinical score for progression of COVID-19 while hospitalized","authors":"Vinicius Lins Costa Ok Melo,&nbsp;Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do Brasil PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19 is no longer a global health emergency, but it remains challenging to predict its prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and validate an instrument to predict COVID-19 progression for critically ill hospitalized patients in a Brazilian population.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Observational study with retrospective follow-up. Participants were consecutively enrolled for treatment in non-critical units between January 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. They were included if they were adults, with a positive RT-PCR result, history of exposure, or clinical or radiological image findings compatible with COVID-19. The outcome was characterized as either transfer to critical care or death. Predictors such as demographic, clinical, comorbidities, laboratory, and imaging data were collected at hospitalization. A logistic model with lasso or elastic net regularization, a random forest classification model, and a random forest regression model were developed and validated to estimate the risk of disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 301 individuals, the outcome was 41.8 %. The majority of the patients in the study lacked a COVID-19 vaccination. Diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension were the most common comorbidities. After model development and cross-validation, the Random Forest regression was considered the best approach, and the following eight predictors were retained: D-dimer, Urea, Charlson comorbidity index, pulse oximetry, respiratory frequency, Lactic Dehydrogenase, RDW, and Radiologic RALE score. The model's bias-corrected intercept and slope were − 0.0004 and 1.079 respectively, the average prediction error was 0.028. The ROC AUC curve was 0.795, and the variance explained was 0.289.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The prognostic model was considered good enough to be recommended for clinical use in patients during hospitalization (<span><span>https://pedrobrasil.shinyapps.io/INDWELL/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). The clinical benefit and the performance in different scenarios are yet to be known.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-assisted exposure-response data analysis: Quantifying heterogeneous causal effects of exposures on survival times","authors":"Louis Anthony Cox Jr. ,&nbsp;R. Jeffrey Lewis ,&nbsp;Saumitra V. Rege ,&nbsp;Shubham Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AI-assisted data analysis can help risk analysts better understand exposure-response relationships by making it relatively easy to apply advanced statistical and machine learning methods, check their assumptions, and interpret their results. This paper demonstrates the potential of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, to facilitate statistical analyses, including survival data analyses, for health risk assessments. Through AI-guided analyses using relatively recent and advanced methods such as Individual Conditional Expectation (ICE) plots using Random Survival Forests and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects (HTEs) estimated using Causal Survival Forests, population-level exposure-response functions can be disaggregated into individual-level exposure-response functions. These reveal the extent of heterogeneity in risks across individuals for different levels of exposure, holding other variables fixed. By applying these methods to an illustrative dataset on blood lead levels (BLL) and mortality risk among never-smoker men from the NHANES III survey, we show how AI can clarify inter-individual variations in exposure-associated risks. The results add insights not easily obtained from traditional parametric or semi-parametric models such as logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, illustrating the advantages of non-parametric approaches for quantifying heterogeneous causal effects on survival times. This paper also suggests some practical implications of using AI in regulatory health risk assessments and public policy decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower limb lymphoedema-related mental depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-cancer-related studies","authors":"Tegene Atamenta Kitaw ,&nbsp;Addisu Getie ,&nbsp;Solomon Gebremichael Asgedom ,&nbsp;Molalign Aligaz Adisu ,&nbsp;Befkad Derese Tilahun ,&nbsp;Alemu Birara Zemariam ,&nbsp;Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw ,&nbsp;Abebe Merchaw Faris ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Engdaw Habtie ,&nbsp;Melesse Abiye Munie ,&nbsp;Eyob Shitie Lake ,&nbsp;Gizachew Yilak ,&nbsp;Mulat Ayele ,&nbsp;Molla Azmeraw ,&nbsp;Biruk Beletew Abate ,&nbsp;Ribka Nigatu Haile","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lower limb lymphoedema, characterized by persistent swelling in the legs due to lymphatic dysfunction, not only imposes a physical burden but is also associated with significant mental depression. While emerging research suggests a strong link between lower limb lymphoedema and depression, the extent of the problem remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lower limb lymphoedema and mental depression through a meta-analysis of existing studies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted across databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Scientific Indexing, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used for pooled estimates, along with subgroup analysis, heterogeneity assessment, publication bias testing, and sensitivity analysis. The prediction interval was computed to estimate where future observations may fall. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024541596).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies involving 3503 patients with lower limb lymphoedema due to lymphatic filariasis, podoconiosis, or leprosy were included. The pooled estimate of depression related to lower limb lymphoedema was 38.4 % (95 % CI: 26.3 %, 50.5 %). High heterogeneity (I² = 81.48 %) highlighted significant variability among the studies. Depression was more prevalent among leprosy patients (38.1 %) and podoconiosis patients (36.4 %), showing little difference between the two. However, the prevalence was notably lower among those with lymphatic filariasis (22.4 %). A higher prevalence of depression was found in Africa (39.4 %) compared to other regions (36.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with lower limb lymphoedema experience disproportionately high rates of mental depression compared to the general population. Integrating mental health assessment and treatment into care packages for lymphoedema management is essential, with special attention needed for leprosy patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11743871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for methodological pluralism in epidemiological modelling","authors":"Pieter Streicher ,&nbsp;Alex Broadbent ,&nbsp;Joel Hellewell","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Covid-19 pandemic, the best-performing modelling groups were not always the best-resourced. This paper seeks to understand and learn from notable predictions in two reports by the UK's Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE). In July 2021, SAGE reported that, after the upcoming lifting of restrictions (“Freedom Day”) cases would “almost certainly remain extremely high for the rest of the summer” and that hospitalisations per day would peak between 100 and 10,000. Cases were not “extremely high” and began to decline, while hospitalisations initially lay outside (above) SAGE's confidence bounds, and only came within the expected range when the upper and lower bound moved so far apart as no longer to be useful for policy or planning purposes. The second episode occurred in December 2021, when SAGE projected 600–6000 deaths per day at peak in the scenario where restrictions remained as they were (referred to as “Plan B\"). In the event, restrictions did not change, and deaths peaked at 202, well below the lower bound, even though this spanned one order of magnitude. We argue that the fundamental problem was over-reliance on mechanistic approaches to disease modelling, and that a methodologically pluralist approach would have helped. We consider various ways this could have been done, including evaluating past performance and considering data from elsewhere. We show how the South African Covid-19 Modelling Consortium performed better by learning from experience and using multiple methods. We conclude in favour of methodological pluralism in infectious disease modelling, echoing calls for methodological pluralism in recent literature on causal inference.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11731489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarifying causality and information flows between time series: Particulate air pollution, temperature, and elderly mortality","authors":"Louis Anthony Cox Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure-response associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality have been extensively studied but potential confounding by daily minimum and maximum temperatures in the weeks preceding death has not been carefully investigated. This paper seeks to close that gap by using lagged partial dependence plots (PDPs), sorted by importance, to quantify how mortality risk depends on lagged values of PM2.5, daily minimum and maximum temperatures and other variables in a dataset from the Los Angeles air basin (SCAQMD). We find that daily minimum and maximum temperatures and daily mortality counts two to three weeks ago are important independent predictors of both current daily elderly mortality and current PM2.5 levels. Thus, it is important to control for these variables over a period of at least several weeks preceding death. Such detailed control for lagged confounders has not been performed in influential past papers on PM2.5-mortality associations, but appears to be essential for isolating the potential causal contributions of specific variables to mortality risk, and, therefore, a worthwhile area for future research and risk assessment modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11650266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic performance and associated factors among female university students","authors":"Tsiyon Birhanu Wube ,&nbsp;Solomon Gebremichael Asgedom ,&nbsp;Zelalem Mohammed Jemal ,&nbsp;Lielt Gebreselassie Gebrekirstos","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Education serves as a vital instrument for empowering citizens to engage fully in the development process. However, various factors can impact the quality and competency of female students in higher education. In Ethiopian institutions, the proportion of female students is significantly lower than that of their male counterparts, highlighting the unique challenges faced by females that can hinder their academic success. Understanding these challenges and the factors influencing female academic performance is essential for enhancing educational outcomes and promoting greater equity in higher education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 633 female university students, supplemented by a qualitative approach. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire, while qualitative data were gathered through key informant and in-depth interviews. Qualitative data were transcribed, labeled, and analyzed narratively through content analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with academic performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed that 11.85 % of female students (95 % CI: 9.43–14.62) experienced poor academic performance. Key factors influencing academic performance included alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.3, 95 % CI: 1.8–4.0), smoking (AOR = 2.9, 95 % CI: 1.1–7.4), working after school (AOR = 1.6, 95 % CI: 1.1–2.8), choice in preferred departments (AOR = 0.6, 95 % CI: 0.3–0.8), poor prior knowledge in English and basic science (AOR = 2.1, 95 % CI: 1.4–4.1), and insufficient parental support (AOR = 2.1, 95 % CI: 1.3–3.7).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The abstract effectively summarizes the key findings and offers relevant insights into the academic challenges faced by female students. More than one in ten female students encounters significant academic obstacles influenced by factors such as substance use, after-school employment, limited department choice, and inadequate foundational knowledge. Addressing these issues is crucial for improving academic performance and reinforcing support systems for female students, thereby providing a solid foundation for future studies in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring diseases burden in HIV population: Results from the CHAO (Comorbidities in HIV/AIDS outpatients) cross-sectional study in Kenya","authors":"Fausto Ciccacci ,&nbsp;Benjamin Welu ,&nbsp;Harrison Ndoi ,&nbsp;Claudia Mosconi ,&nbsp;Carolina De Santo ,&nbsp;Mariachiara Carestia ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Doro Altan ,&nbsp;Joseph Murungi ,&nbsp;Koome Muthuri ,&nbsp;Mariagrazia Cicala ,&nbsp;Giovanni Guidotti ,&nbsp;Stefano Orlando","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Africa is the epicenter of the HIV epidemic, with over two-thirds of the global population living with HIV. It is also facing a dramatic increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) amidst its aging population. This necessitates a healthcare approach that addresses both infectious diseases and NCDs in HIV-positive individuals. In Kenya, with 1.4 million HIV-positive people, efforts include widespread ART access and integrating HIV services into the health system. Challenges remain in healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. The Comorbidities in HIV/AIDS Outpatients (CHAO) Project, funded by the Italian Cooperation Agency, aims to improve understanding and management of comorbidities in HIV patients, highlighting the need for cost-effective healthcare strategies to address this dual burden.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CHAO (Comorbidities in HIV/AIDS Outpatients) project conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study across 25 clinics in Meru County, Kenya. The study included comprehensive surveys and screenings for various comorbidities among HIV-positive patients receiving treatment, utilizing both clinical evaluations and laboratory tests to assess the prevalence of infectious diseases and NCDs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1051 HIV-positive individuals were included in the study: 75 % females, 25 % males, median age 47 years, the majority (96 %) on long-term ART, mostly Dolutegravir-based (95 %). 55.4 % had at least one comorbidity, with NCDs such as dyslipidemia (21.22 %) and hypertension (20.17 %) being the most prevalent. The study also noted significant occurrences of communicable diseases, including syphilis (5.23 %), hepatitis B (2.19 %), and hepatitis C (0.29 %). The prevalence of comorbidities varied with age, highlighting the impact of aging on disease burden.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The high prevalence of comorbidities among HIV-positive patients in Meru County underscores the need for integrated healthcare strategies that address both infectious diseases and NCDs. The findings advocate for systematic screening and management of comorbidities within HIV care programs, emphasizing the need for holistic health approaches to improve outcomes for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What constitutes valid evidence of causation? Gas stoves and childhood asthma revisited","authors":"Louis Anthony Cox Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor regarding: “Challenging unverified assumptions in causal claims: Do gas stoves increase risk of pediatric asthma?”","authors":"Kari C. Nadeau ,&nbsp;Yannai Kashtan ,&nbsp;Metta Nicholson ,&nbsp;Colin J. Finnegan ,&nbsp;Zutao Ouyang ,&nbsp;Anchal Garg ,&nbsp;Eric D. Lebel ,&nbsp;Sebastian T. Rowland ,&nbsp;Drew R. Michanowicz ,&nbsp;Robert B. Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36311,"journal":{"name":"Global Epidemiology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}