Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Path of organotin complexes: Synthetic factors, mechanisms, and broad spectrum biological influences","authors":"M. Kumar, Zahoor Abbas, Priyanka Siwach, Jyotsna Sharma, A. Rani, S. Sharma, Pallvi Aggarwal, P. Show, S. Haque, V. Garg, H. Tuli","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d134","url":null,"abstract":"The review of the literature demonstrated that the diverse properties of the organotin (IV) attributed to the various moieties contained inside the molecule account for the functions and utility of the organotin (IV) complexes. Furthermore, the capacity of organometallic compounds to stabilise complexes with unique stereochemistry is well documented. Due to their robust coordination chemistry, consistency, and varied molecular structures, these complexes exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity. This article provides an overview of complexes' arrangement and geometry, spectroscopic research, and physical, chemical, and biological properties. This review also focuses on recent developments in conventional chemistry, practical synthesis methods, and the diverse functions of organotin (IV) complexes.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of antiproliferative and toxic effects of a peptide from Momordica dioica using in vitro and in vivo studies","authors":"Rupachandra S, J. S.","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Inflammation occurs during a cascade reaction to cause damage to the tissues. Increased oxidant and cytokine expression were observed in the damaged tissues. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be a chronic and lethal disease of inflammation in gastro enteric tissue characterized by intestinal inflammation. The objective of the study was to investigate the toxicological effects of Peptide extract from Momordica dioica in treating colitis conditions. The isolated protein was digested with trypsin enzyme with an E:S ratio of 1:100 and the hydrolyzed peptides were analyzed using LCMS. The peak obtained at 678.67 Da at 17mins showed hydrophobic peptide and MALDI-TOF analysis which showed similar peaks at 3388.7Da. The results from the MTT assay showed the IC50 value of the peptide extract at 100µg/ml. Similarly, the acridine orange staining showed decreased green fluorescent nuclei cells than red fluorescent acidic vesicular organelles indicating autophagy-dependent cell death. The peptide extract displayed a cell viability effect on Colo-205 cells at 100 μg/ml when compared to the control. In the acute toxicity test, the mice were orally receiving peptide extract at a dose of 50-250 mg/kg BW for 14 days. The significant adverse effects were evident at a dose of 250mg/kg BW indicating that the LD50 value is lesser than 250 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase with SARS CoV-2 infections","authors":"May K. Ismael, Lubna M. Rasuol, Yasir Qaddoori","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d104","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which is the causative agent of spreading coronavirus disease 2019 that is known as COVID-19 pandemic, the disease leads to severe acute respiratory illness. Matrix metalloproteinases- 9 (MMP-9) plays several important physiological functions. This enzyme could also be implicated in the \"cytokine storm\" in some way, which may represent one of the possible scianrios during coronavirus infection, in addition to its role in the mechanism of lung fibrosis on molecular basis.. The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) are well characterized for controlling the activity of MMPs in extracellular matrix remodeling. They also considered as signaling molecules analogous to cytokine activities in the sense of impact on a variety of biological processes; this study aimed to investigate the link between each of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and COVID19 disease. A total of 58 COVID-19 patients and 30 apparently healthy adults were enrolled in this study. The ORF1ab, E. and N genes of SARS-CoV-2 were detected using Multiplex real-time PCR, while the ELISA technique was used to estimate the level of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and CRP. The study results demonstrated higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in COVID-19 patients compared with controls, with non-significant differences obtained. Unlike, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), showed considerably higher levels in the patients group than in controls, with high significant differences according to the data statistical analysis (p≤0.001). In a conclusion, the rising trend of TIMP-1 in COVID patients could be promising to suggest serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) as an applicable biomarker in the diagnosis of COVID‐19.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and phytochemical effects of ethanol extracts of Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC barks and Mangifera indica L seeds.","authors":"Spora Mavanza, G. Omwenga, M. Ngugi","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d130","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bacterial infectious diseases account for thousands of deaths worldwide. Despite their side effects, synthetic antibiotics are currently utilized to treat bacterial infections. There has been an effort to identify alternative medicines of plant origin, the current study determined in vitro antibacterial activities of Syzygium guineense barks and seeds of Mangifera indica ethanol extracts, as well as their phytochemical profile. The bacteria tested included, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Plant samples were collected from Morogoro region, Tanzania and transferred to Kenyatta University, for preparation and extracted with ethanol. In vitro antibacterial activities were determined by disk diffusion, MIC and MBC methods. Selected phytochemicals of ethanol extracts were determined qualitatively. The highest antibacterial effects was observed in M. indica extract against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhi with zones of inhibition of 20.00 mm, 18.00 mm, 17.67 mm and 15,67 mm respectively. Antibacterial effects observed in S. guineense extract against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. typhi and E. coli produced zones of inhibition of 15.00 mm, 14.33mm, 10.67 mm and 9.33 mm respectively. The extracts showed better antibacterial effects against Gram positive bacteria than Gram negative bacteria. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extracts revealed alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and glycosides. This study recommends that the ethanol extracts may be used to develop alternative remedies for treating bacterial infections. The study suggests that the plant extracts should also be subjected to in vivo studies.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA-B*0702 class-I allele, anti-FSH, anti-LH, and vitamin D3: Potential links with polycystic ovary syndrome in women of Erbil city, Iraq","authors":"N. Berwary, Rand Aziz","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d119","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine-reproductive-metabolic condition with severe implications for females’ health. The role of four essential parameters on PCOS, including Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) represented by the HLA-B*0702 allele, anti-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (anti-FSH) antibodies, anti-Luteinizing Hormone (anti-LH) antibodies, and vitamin D3 was investigated. A total of 100 samples were collected from Kurdish women attended the Maternity Teaching Hospital and some private hospitals/laboratories in Erbil City from October, 2021 to January, 2022. The samples were genotyped using a PCR-based technique with specific sequence primers. The levels of anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies were determined using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), while vitamin D3 levels were measured by an Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) test on Cobas e411 immunoassay system. The Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.167 at a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of 0.8167 to 6.330, indicated an essential link between the HLA-B*0702 allele and a risk of PCOS. Anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies were significantly greater in PCOS patients, notably infertile women, than in healthy controls. A significant positive linear correlation was observed between antibodies against FSH and LH in patients. Most patients and controls had hypovitaminosis D3, with a significant difference (P-value  0.01). The results indicated that the HLA-B*0702 allele is associated with PCOS susceptibility and could be used as an immunogenetic marker. It also supported the idea that anti-FSH and anti-LH antibodies are naturally presence antibodies in PCOS patients instead of signs for autoimmunity. Women suffer from PCOS are also more prone to develop vitamin D3 deficiency.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic identification and characterization of prophages associated with Citrobacter freundii strains","authors":"Ishrat Jabeen, S. Mahamud, S. Islam, Anika Bushra Lamisa, Afia Anjum, Sumaiya Oishy, Sabbir R Shuvo, PhD Md. Masudur Rahman","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d156","url":null,"abstract":"Citrobacter freundii is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that can cause infections, sepsis, and meningitis, predominantly in infants and immunocompromised adults. This study is aimed at investigating the distribution of prophages in C. freundii strains and their potential effects on the host strains using genomic characterization. In-silico analysis of 144 complete chromosomal sequences of C. freundii strains was performed, and 574 intact prophages were identified from 1178 prophages in the host. The genome sizes of the intact prophages were 6.74-115.15 kb; on average, the host chromosomes were predicted to have around 3.98% of intact prophage genomes. At least three intact prophages were most frequently predicted, while only three host chromosomes were found to have the highest number of nine intact prophages. The GC content of prophages is 50.75%, slightly lower than the average GC content (51.85%) of C. freundii. Most of the prophages in C. freundii strains were classified into four families, Myoviridae (48.16%), Siphoviridae (42%), Podoviridae (4.67%), Inoviridae (0.17%), and 5% of the intact prophages could not be assigned into any family. Phylogenomic analysis of intact prophages divided the genomes into three distinct clades. Virulence gene analysis revealed the variable distribution of 7 virulence genes (hcp, higB, hipA, msgA, rtx, yeeV, and ykfI) among the intact prophages. Overall, this study provides insights into the diversity and characteristics of prophages associated with C. freundii strains, which will help in understanding the genetic evolution and pathogenesis of the bacteria.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm bormation in several types of intravenous fluids based on time","authors":"S. Jannah, A. Widodo, R. Setiabudi","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d141","url":null,"abstract":"An intravenous catheter is a medical device used to inject intravenous fluid into the body. This procedure can lead coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis penetrates the skin and forms biofilm on the catheter. Biofilms bring serious problem such as antibiotic resistance, the long-term effects increase the length of staying in the hospital, cost, morbidity, and mortality. This research aimed to analyze the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis in several types of intravenous fluids based on time. This was a laboratory experimental research using microtiter plate assay method and crystal violet coloring. Three 96-well microplates were inoculated with S. epidermidis in ringer lactate, 10% dextrose, 5% dextrose, normal saline, and gelafusal, each plate was incubated at three different times of 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. The results show that the optical density (OD) values of all intravenous fluids with bacteria within 24 and 48 h of incubation time did not show significant differences compared to negative controls, while the 72 h treatments of 10% dextrose, 5% dextrose, and normal saline showed significant differences. This indicates that biofilms of S. epidermidis were not formed in intravenous fluids within 24 and 48 h of incubation time, however this bacterium started forming biofilm in 10% dextrose, 5% dextrose, and normal saline within 72 h of incubation time. In conclusion, the length of incubation time may influence biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of plasma calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid ‎hormone in the prediction of vitamin D deficiency‎","authors":"R. Hashim, Israa Nathir, E. Ghazy, Ihsan Timimi, Tiba M. Hameed, Mayssam Ali","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d135","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent medical condition associated with various clinical and biochemical outcomes although these outcomes might be absent in a significant percentage of patients. Altered serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase activity are expected but not proven by many research. The current study aims to investigate the possibility of these biomarkers to be used as indicators of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The study enrolled 150 randomly selected participants who have no acute or chronic medical condition with various levels of serum vitamin D ranging from normal to severely deficient. They were investigated for serum total calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results were statistically compared among the studied groups and correlated with serum vitamin D levels. There was no significant difference in mean serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity among the groups with poor correlation with vitamin D. Mean serum parathyroid hormone has shown a significant difference among the studied groups with a strong negative correlation with vitamin D. This difference was apparent even in patients with vitamin D insufficiency. Serum calcium, PO4 and ALP activity seem to have a poor correlation with vitamin D concentration. In addition, serum PTH might be considered a sensitive marker of both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological and oncoinformatic analysis of HbA1c as a prognostic biomarker in screening the risks of different cancers among the male T2D patients of Bangladesh","authors":"Md Hasibuzzaman, H. Alam, M. Mia, S. Islam, S. Sultana, Sharmin Ahmed, Afsana Masud, Samiur Rahman, A. Khan, F. Rimti, Ashrak Pyash, P. Biswas, Homayra Shoshi, M. Siddiquy, F. Rimu, Ramiza Zaman, M. Habiba","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d145","url":null,"abstract":"Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) represents the average serological sugar status of T2D patients of the past three months, considered a clinically standard method of studying sugar metabolism. Overexpressing HbA1 can metabolically forecast the risk of different cancers among T2D patients. Based on this, the study aimed to analyze the impact of sugar metabolism in cancer development considering the overexpression of HbA1 as the prognostic biomarker of screening the risks of eight different cancers among the chronic male T2D patients of Bangladesh. Serological analysis of the concentrations of FBS, THABF, creatinine, SC, STGs, HDLC, and LDLC of the T2D patients was conducted in response to their individual HbA1c concentration. Afterward, HbA1 overexpression and promotor-methylation responsible for BLCA, BRCA, CHOL, COAD, LUAD, LUSC, PAAD, and PRAD cancers in the male T2D patients were profiled as the oncoinformatic screening, where the sample types used, individual cancer stages, racial-footprints, gender, age, nodal metastasis, p53-methylations, pancreatitis, diabetes status, smoking behaviors, and survivability status were studied. Finally, the genetic involvement of a group of genes responsible for genetic co-expression of HbA1, endophytic vesicle regulation, antioxidant regulation, and reactive oxygen species based-metabolic regulation in T2D males was identified and comprehensively discussed. The research revealed a significant correlation between BMI and FBS in both the patient and the control groups (p<0.0001). Besides, FBS, THABF, and creatinine were found significantly regulated with their respective HbA1c concentrations (p<0.0001) for each group. The SC, STGs, HDLC, and LDLC regulated ardently and equally for both groups (p<0.0001), while HbA1c ranged from 3.8-5.8% and 5.11-15.8%, for the controls and patients respectively. HbA1 was found interactive with diversified cancer-causing genes, while HbA1 was mostly downregulating with the progressing metastasis. To receive maximum benefits from using HbA1c in clinical profiling of cancer risks among chronic-male T2D patients in minimal time and expense further studies can be needed with a larger sample size.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70797813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities of the phytochemicals isolated from various parts of broccoli wastes","authors":"Asmita Nandi, Srirangasayee Devanathan, Aishwarya Ramesh, Lavanya Jayaraman, Subhashini Sivaji","doi":"10.5455/jabet.2023.d107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2023.d107","url":null,"abstract":"Broccoli is an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals and nutraceuticals. Phytochemicals, also known as phytonutrients are chemical compounds that are present in fruits, vegetables, and other plants and can be broadly divided into carbohydrates, terpenoids, phenolics, lipids, alkaloids, and other nitrogen-containing compounds. Waste generation is a global problem and vegetable wastes that contain the same or more amount of phytonutrients as the vegetable itself are discarded on daily basis leading to additional waste biomass. The unused portion of broccoli is considered to be waste which includes the stalk and the leaves, rotten and scraped portions of the vegetable. Only the fragile stems closest to the florets are eaten, while the lignified bottom stem of the vegetable is discarded. Approximately 30% of vegetable losses occur at retail and consumer levels including post- harvest and processing. These wastes possess various nutrients and multiple bioactive compounds such as phytochemicals (phenolics, glycosylates, carotenoids, and flavonoids). Broccoli waste has an enormous amount of these nutrients and nutraceuticals which have a wider range of applications in food supplements, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. The phytochemicals from the leaf and stalk were extracted using the maceration process, and the stalk extract had stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration of 500 g/ml. It also showed good anti-microbial activity at 300 μg/ml proving it to be a potential source of important bioactive compounds and also implying the presence of anti-aging and anti-acne activity.","PeriodicalId":36275,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70796729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}