Applied Economic Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Economic crisis, unemployment and illegal drug consumption in Spain","authors":"B. Casal, B. Rivera, Luis Currais","doi":"10.1108/aea-07-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-07-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to analyse the association between drug consumption and unemployment. This paper also studies the differential association between these variables in both the pre- and current-crisis periods. The results are compared in an attempt to verify that the population of users is more vulnerable in terms of how likely they are to get and hold down a job in the labour market.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Matching methods and microdata from the Survey on Alcohol and Drugs in Spain, EDADES are used. The use of these methods on the estimates carried out prove to be particularly effective in reducing treatment-selection bias. The authors’ interest is also to analyse the differential association between the interest variables in both the pre- and current-crisis periods. For this purpose, the authors also use the differences-in-differences (DID) estimation method between the two periods to check if the impact of drug use on unemployment depends on the economic context. The estimations are compared in an attempt to verify that the population of users is less likely to attain and hold down a job in the labour market than non-drug users.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results obtained in the current study are consistent with the hypothesis that drug use decreases an individual’s capacity and availability when he or she is trying to enter the labour market. In both 2007 and 2013, drug users were more likely to be unemployed, regardless of the type of drug. Differences in the probability of being unemployed intensify during an economic crisis. In light of these results, it is possible to conclude that the negative effect of drug consumption on an individual’s employability is increased during periods of economic recession.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The study presented here has some limitations. Firstly, cross-sectional data were used to examine the causal relationship between consumption and employment. In this sense, the results are susceptible to bias. The unavailability of longitudinal data on the same individual made it impossible for the researchers to consider periods of abstinence, the duration of periods of consumption and how this consumption affected an individual’s productivity and his or her working situation. Another limitation is that certain relevant unemployment variables may have been omitted. Among the variables that affect an individual’s labour participation is the existence of sources of income as an alternative to market salaries. With state subsidies, income from illegal activities and money sent by family or friends, an individual may decide not to work. This problem could be mitigated if omitted variables operate in a similar way throughout both of the periods examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Given the results obtained in this paper, the authors believe that public policy conclusions should be mainly concerned with the importance of implementing proactive employment policies, along with family support programm","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-07-2019-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48916060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic stress in non-poor Spanish households during the Great Recession","authors":"Carmen Ródenas, Mónica Martí Sempere, Ángel M. León Valle","doi":"10.1108/aea-11-2019-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-11-2019-0045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to focus on non-poor households that during the Great Recession experienced economic stress (ES). That is, whose economic comfort was reduced taking into account their previous living standards. The paper seeks to determine how the crisis has affected this extensive (and key) social group.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The analysis has been performed in a dynamic way. The non-poor households ES situation and its changes are studied throughout the period 2008-2016 by taking the four-year intervals provided by the longitudinal Spanish Living Conditions Survey. The authors discuss and select the circumstances to determine whether ES has occurred. To identify which variables determine the probability of suffering ES the authors use a standard logit model.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The main variable is the tenure status of the dwelling: property with a mortgage or rented multiply the risk of ES by up to 3.5 times. ES falls as the household’s work intensity increases. However, an improvement in the employment situation cannot be associated with a reduction in ES probability. The main socio-demographic variables behave as predicted: woman householder, grow in the number of household members and bad health increase the risk of ES, and the higher the level of education of the householder, the lower the risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There are very few studies regarding the people above the poverty line. Exploring and analyzing the factors determining the sensitivity of the largest part of the population to the crisis is very relevant, as the pace of the economic recovery depends largely on them.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-11-2019-0045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47802623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a “soft” board gender quotas policy work?","authors":"J. I. Conde-Ruiz, Manu García, M. Yañez","doi":"10.1108/aea-09-2019-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-09-2019-0029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to analyze the functioning of a non-sanction “soft” gender quota policy structure (a simple recommendation), using the case of Spain. In the first part of the paper, the authors have reported the dismal improvement regarding the increase of female percentage presence in the companies’ boards of members.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors provide a detailed sectorial analysis and a classification of board members by type (executive, proprietary, independent and other external). In the second part, the authors exploit the fact that since 2013, the stock-listed companies are legally obliged to respond to a series of questions on gender diversity issues in their annual reports. Using this requirement, the authors perform an analysis using text processing techniques. The authors find that “self-plagiarism” is common in the responses – i.e. they copy responses from previous years – as well as “plagiarism” – i.e. they copy responses from other companies in previous years.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The insufficient progress in respect to the goals of the Law of Equality of 2007 (enacted by Spanish authorities) and the lack of interest that can be inferred from the companies’ responses included in their annual reports lead the authors to consider the necessity of changing the law on the corporate policies gender quotas in Spain.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It is the first study that realizes this type of analysis for Spain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-09-2019-0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46051479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of subsidies for rural development on agri-food and forestry firms","authors":"José A. Pérez-Méndez, María Pérez-Urdiales, D. Roibás","doi":"10.1108/aea-06-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the subsidies established by Measure 123 of the Rural Development Policy on the productivity of a sample of agri-food and forestry companies in the region of Asturias over the period 2006-2009.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors estimate a stochastic frontier function which allows subsidies to be considered as affecting both the level of technical efficiency and technical progress.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results show that while subsidies have a positive effect on the technical progress of companies in the agri-food industry, for the forestry industry, the effect materializes as an improvement in technical efficiency. Additionally, other factors affecting either, technical progress and technical efficiency were identified.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study adopts a model that allows the separate identification of the effect of subsidies on the level of efficiency, on the one hand, and on the technical progress, on the other.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment exclusion in Spain: a territorial approach","authors":"M. Lafuente-Lechuga, Ú. Faura-Martínez, Olga García-Luque","doi":"10.1108/aea-06-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper studies social inequality in the vital field of employment in Spain during the crisis period 2009-2014.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Factor analysis is used to build a synthetic index of employment exclusion. The starting information matrix collects data from a wide set of employment variables for all 17 Spanish autonomous communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Based on this information, four factors are extracted which explain employment exclusion in different situations of vulnerability, such as unemployment, temporality, poverty or low pay.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In the territorial ranking, Madrid, Basque Country, Aragon and Catalonia show the lowest risk of employment exclusion, whereas Ceuta, Andalusia, Extremadura and Canary Islands show the highest ones.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The main value of this research is that it confirms the need for coordination of public policies in order to foster social and territorial cohesion in Spain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45670850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new measure of regional competitiveness","authors":"José Carlos Sánchez de la Vega, José Daniel Buendía Azorín, Antonio Calvo-Flores Segura, Miguel Esteban Yago","doi":"10.1108/aea-07-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-07-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to provide a measure of competitiveness of the Spanish autonomous communities from a multidimensional and dynamic perspective for the period 2008-2016.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper adopts a broad definition of competitiveness based on five key environments (productive capital, human capital, social and institutional capital, infrastructure and knowledge) and comprising 53 indicators. The method used to construct the competitiveness index is based on the P-distance proposed by Pena Trapero (1979), which objectively assigns weights to the indicators. There is an important advantage in the methodological proposal of this study, as it allows analyzing the behavior of partial and aggregated indicators from a dynamic perspective, taking the same value as a reference for the entire period. Therefore, not only a classification obtained for each year but also the variation that occurs in terms of the reference period can be analyzed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The classification of the autonomous communities is established using common intervals based on the results obtained for the whole period, i.e. 2008-2016. The data point to the unequal situations of the autonomous communities. The results also reveal that the evolution of the regional competitiveness synthetic index is clearly cyclical and the drop recorded in the recessive period is less pronounced than the increase recorded in the growth phase.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The main innovation of the competitiveness index presented here lies in its allowing comparisons over time.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-07-2019-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46007500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agglomeration effects and informal firms in the internal structure of cities","authors":"Andrés Domínguez","doi":"10.1108/aea-06-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to estimate the effect of agglomeration on the probability of being an informal firm in Cali, Colombia. Informal firms produce legal goods but do not comply with official regulations. This issue is relevant because, similar to other developing countries, the informal sector in Colombia employs more than 50 per cent of the workforce. The results of this study demonstrate that one standard deviation increase in agglomeration reduces by 52 per cent the probability of being informal. Results are consistent with the idea that informal firms benefit less from agglomeration because of legal restrictions that block the relationship with formal firms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The objective of the present paper is to estimate the effect of agglomeration on the probability that a firm – given a location – chooses to be informal. The authors deal with endogeneity issues by using soil information related to earthquake risk, which reduces the height of buildings and therefore increases the cost of agglomeration. The analysis focuses on Cali, Colombia, where the informal sector employs 60 per cent of the workforce. The registration of economic activities is used as a criterion to identify informal firms, in such a way that the percentage of informal firms is 42 per cent.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find that the effect of agglomeration is strongly negative. The probability of being informal diminishes by 52 per cent when agglomeration increases by one standard deviation. Results in this paper shed light on how formal firms tend to be localized in high-density commercial and industrial areas, while informal firms are localized in low-density and peripheral areas where the land for production is cheaper and where they can avoid the control of authorities.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Theory argues that spatial production externalities and commuting costs are among the main forces that shape the city’s internal structure. Externalities include effects that increase firms’ production, and therefore workers’ income, when the size of the local economy grows. The authors now have strong evidence that firms’ productivity is positively related with the volume of nearby employment. Most of the empirical findings concern firms in the formal sector and, accordingly, the literature says little about the effect of agglomeration on informal firms’ location. However, this effect is crucial for developing countries where informal work is the main option for less-educated workers facing unemployment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43956831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2000s commodity boom and the exchange rate in Argentina","authors":"Luciano Campos","doi":"10.1108/AEA-06-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/AEA-06-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose This paper aims to estimate the impact of the 2000s commodity boom in the major Latin American economies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach The author used a structural vector autorregresive analysis where the selection of variables is conditional on a New Keynesian Model for a small open economy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings The evidence indicates that the Argentinean nominal exchange rate appreciated less while its output and inflation grew more than those of the other nations when subjected to commodity shocks. These results are interpreted as a more aggressive leaning-against-the-wind intervention by Argentina, probably to avoid the Dutch disease. Although the effects with regard to output were indeed stronger in Argentina, this was only at the expense of higher inflation and volatility suffered during the boom.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value At the time of the writing of this paper, no work had evaluated Argentinean underperformace to the manner in which its exchange rate policy was handled in comparison with the rest of the region during the boom. This paper intends to fill this gap.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/AEA-06-2019-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42663478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The persistent effect of socioeconomic status on education and labor market outcomes","authors":"Juan A. Correa, Pablo Gutiérrez, Miguel Lorca, Raúl Morales, Francisco Parro","doi":"10.1108/aea-06-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to study the effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) on academic and labor market outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The authors used a rich data set of administrative records for test scores, individual background and adult earnings of a cohort of agents, covering a period spanning the agents' upper-secondary education and their early years in the labor market.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors find that students with the highest SES obtained a 1.5 standard deviations higher score in the college admission test than students who had the same academic outcomes in the eighth grade test but belong to the lowest SES. Similarly, among students that obtained the same scores in the college admission test, those with the highest SES earned monthly wages 0.7 standard deviations higher than those with the lowest SES.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The findings highlight that family socioeconomic background continues to influence outcomes during individuals’ upper secondary education and early years in the labor market.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/aea-06-2019-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48857490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education and economic growth: an empirical analysis of nonlinearities","authors":"Laura Márquez-Ramos, Estefanía Mourelle","doi":"10.1108/AEA-06-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/AEA-06-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Might a country’s economic growth performance differ depending on the evolution of its human capital? This paper aims to consider education as a channel for human capital improvement and then for economic growth. The authors hypothesize the existence of a threshold for education, after which point the characteristics of economic growth change.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To address this question, the authors turn from a linear framework to a nonlinear one by applying smooth transition specifications.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This empirical analysis for Spain points to the existence of nonlinearities in the relationship between education and economic growth at country level, for both secondary and tertiary education. Next, as different patterns emerge in different regions, the authors provide a regional analysis for a number of representative Spanish regions. The results show that both secondary and tertiary education matter for economic growth and that nonlinearities in this relationship should be taken into account.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000What is learnt from using Smooth Transition Regression models for the education-economic growth link is that the educational level of the population can be understood as a source of nonlinearities in the economic activity of a country (and of a region). Thus, depending on national and regional educational levels, economic growth behaves differently.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Although the importance of nonlinearities has been identified, linearity is usually assumed in this field of the literature. This paper calls into question the linearity assumption by using time series techniques for 1971-2013 in Spain, an OECD country, and testing whether the results at country level hold for different regions within Spain as a robustness check.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36191,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/AEA-06-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45710857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}